Prior Investment on Disaster Risk Reduction Japan-India Workshop on Disaster Risk Reduction 19-20 March, 2018 Toru UEMACHI Senior Representative, JICA India Office
JICA s Approach along with The SENDAI Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 1. UNDERSTANDING disaster risk MINDSET CHANGE through education and emergency training Enhancement of PUBLIC AWARENESS 2. Strengthening disaster RISK GOVERNANCE to manage disaster risk 3. INVESTING in disaster risk reduction for RESILIENCE 4. Enhancing disaster PREPAREDNESS for effective response, and BUILD BACK BETTER in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction *Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 New Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, which was adopted in UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai, Japan, in 2015 2
JICA s Approach Example for each stage of disaster management cycle Disaster Education Emergency Drill Rescue Team Medical Team Weather Monitoring Hazard Map 4. Preparedness DISASTER!! 1. EMERGENCY RESPONSE Delegation of Specialist Team 2. RECOVERY/RECONSTRUCTION 3.Resilience River Management Recovery of Infrastructure Shelter Landslide-Proof Construction Recovery of Livelihood http://knowledge.jica.go.jp/km/fsubject0301.nsf/viewall/3958a0a725aba98549257a7900124f29/$file/ Disaster%20Resilient%20Society_EN.pdf 3
Case Study - Recovery : Build Back Better! NEPAL : Recovery and Rehabilitation from Earthquake <Housing> Emergency housing reconstruction New guidelines for building earthquake-resistant houses Training for engineers and house owners on safer building skills <School> Emergency school reconstruction with earthquake-resistant design <Infrastructure> Rehabilitation of damaged roads Reconstruction of hospitals Reconstruction of water transmission system Construction of bridges <Livelihood Recovery> Technical support for communities affected by the earthquake Technical guideline for masons Image of reconstructed school https://www.jica.go.jp/nepal/english/office/others/c8h0vm00009vyd39-att/brochure_08.pdf https://www.jica.go.jp/nepal/english/office/topics/c8h0vm0000b7cjnk-att/170426_03.pdf 4
Case Study - Resilience Ready-made Garment Sector Safe Working Environment Program (2013-) 65% factories did NOT comply the standard Corruption of Rana Plaza, April 2013 Casualty:1,135 2 Step loan for building resilience Support ENFORCEMENT of building standard Japan s Technical & Financial Assistance Urban Building Safety Project (2015-) Financing(2 step loan) for private building safety Construction & Retrofit of public buildings + Technical Cooperation (Retrofit manual, retrofit work ) 5
Case Study - Resilience against Flood Pasig-Marikina River Channel Improvement in Philippine In September, 2009, the typhoons Ondoy hit Metropolitan Manila and around 500 people died in upper area. In downstream area, the discharge channel cut the flood and succeeded to harness the flood 600m 3 which was almost planned level. The discharge channel constructed by Japanese ODA Great Flood in Manila (2009) Protected urban area Damaged area Discharge channel Mangahan discharge channel 6
Case Study - Mainstreaming of DRR Implementing Projects with DRR elements in Various Sectors Road Raising for Flood Mitigation Typhoon Resistant Hospital School-cum-Evacuation Center Flood Resilient Subway System Raised 1m for flood mitigation Thailand:Flood Resilient Subway Thailand: Raised Road Philippines: Typhoon Resistant Hospital 7
Case Study Preparedness : DRR Plan Building Project on Comprehensive Flood Management Plan for the Chao Phraya River, Thailand 8 industrial complexes 808 companies (inclu. 469 Japanese companies) request for flood forecast system in Thailand Flooded! Full-scale system to forecast overflow area with satellite information. First time in the world! Flood in the basin of Chao Phraya River Flood forecast map Water level forecast Flood forecast! 8
Case Study Preparedness : DRR Plan Building Master Plan for Flood Management and Management Capacity Enhancement in Philippine The typhoon Sendong (Washi) hit Mindanao in December, 2011, and around 1,000 people died. JICA implemented the survey to review the M/P for flood control. This survey assisted to setup a river boarder line, which is the first case in Philippine, with the concept not to live in danger area. Cagayan de Oro river GPS GPS Station Laser Digital imagery Detail topographical survey Inundation analysis and evaluation Setup a river boarder line in the M/P Briefing to local residents 9
Case Study Preparedness : DRR Plan Building DRR advisor stationed in Ministry of Disaster Management (2017-2020) Support in making National DM Plan 2018-2022 Technical support for introduction of up-to-date DRR technologies etc Landslide Mitigation Project Capacity enhancement in investigation, design, construction-supervision and monitor Landslide Disaster Protection Project of the National Road Network Slope stabilization along high risk highways and introduction of early warning system Collapsed Slope Landslide cutting off a road Slope management for falling rocks http://open_jicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12154050.pdf https://www.jica.go.jp/srilanka/office/information/event/ku57pq0000211swv-att/151119_01.pdf 10
Case Study Preparedness : DRR Plan Building A-BCP Area Business Continuity Plan (BCP) in SE Asia BCM : To maintain business continuity by protecting company's production, information, equipment, and employees. Area BCM : A concept proposed by JICA in 2013. To maintain common resources to enable business to continue in widespread area. Pilot Area BCP for Philippines, Vietnam, Indonesia and Thailand Great flood in Thailand 100% Rate of Operation 0% Without Area BCP Business is stopping. Disaster RTO = Recovery Time Objective Restart Bottleneck resources Time With Area BCP Disaster RTO Restart Risk evaluation [case of Philippine] Effectiveness of area BCM 11
Case Study Capacity Development Natural Disaster Management in the Forest Areas in Uttarakhand Enhance the capacity to plan and implement erosion control works for slope disaster management The knowledge will be disseminated to other states Damaged slope in a pilot site Erosion control techniques introduced by JICA experts Image: Stabilization of Image: Completed hillside unstable natural slope crib work Unit net Round-shaped anchor bearing plate Reinforcem ent material Combination of loan project and technical cooperation Technical Cooperation Loan Project Experiences in pilot sites Risk reduction component Training for engineer in Japan (Key point) Thorough preparation with strategic planning!! https://www.jica.go.jp/india/english/office/topics/press160829.html 12 PRESS RELEASE JICA Extends Technical Assistance for Slope Disaster Mitigation Component in Uttarakhand
Case Study Capacity Development Highways in Mountainous Regions New guideline for highways in mountainous regions inclu. tunnels, highpier bridges, earthworks, slope protection etc. National Highway eroded by river, in West Bengal ~Enhancing Connectivity for North-East Region~ A loan project is also going on North East Connectivity Improvement Project Phase-1 Dangerous overhung in Meghalaya NH51 Meghalaya Tura~Dalu about 50km Connection to Bangladesh border NH54 Mizoram Aizawl~Tuipang about 350km Connection to Kaladan Multi Modal Transport Corridor Long-term cooperation for high quality infrastructure Fulltime JICA experts stationed in India for continuous support e.g. First JICA expert for highway project came to India in 2007 Steady advance!!! 13
Case Study Capacity Development Training Course in Japan 1. Young Leaders Training Course (Disaster Reduction Course) 6 November - 25 November 2017 by JICA Hokkaido, Japan 15 participants from various parts of India including NER Course on; a) History, experience, social background etc., regarding disaster in Japan b) Knowledge, skill and advanced system used in Japan 2. Comprehensive Disaster Management in Small Islands 14 August 23 September 2017 by JICA Shikoku and Kochi University, Japan Participants from Andaman Nicobar Islands Young Leaders Training Observing the community disaster risk reduction workshop, Hokkaido, Japan Disaster Management in Small Islands Education on disaster in an elementary school in Kochi, Japan Survey on evacuation route from tsunami, in Kochi, Japan Japan experiences various disasters Know-how and Technology in Japan can be useful in India, too https://www.jica.go.jp/shikoku/topics/2017/1010.html 14
Thank you! धन यव द c.f. http://www.jica.go.jp/india/english/office/about/message.html http://www.jica.go.jp/india/english/office/others/brochures.html http://www.jica.go.jp/india/english/office/others/presentations.html Disclaimer While every effort is made to provide accurate information, JICA does not guarantee that there will be no errors in the contents of this presentation document, nor does JICA disclaims any liability for errors accruing from the use of the contents. The presentation document also includes contents, other information, and translated material provided by third-parties for which JICA claims no responsibility. 15