Japan-Norway Energy Science Week 2015 Toshibaʼs Activities in Carbon Capture Thermal & Hydro Power Systems & Services Division Power Systems Company Toshiba Corporation May 28, 2015 Kensuke Suzuki 2015 Toshiba Corporation
Contents 1. Background 2. Application of CO 2 Capture to Thermal Power Plants 3. Technology Verification at Mikawa 4. Summary 2015 Toshiba Corporation 2
Toshiba in the Energy Sector Thermal Power Plants Nuclear Power Plants Hydro Power Plants Geothermal Power Smart Grids / Smart Communities Hydro Turbine Generators Steam Turbine Generators Wind Power Photovoltaic Power C&I Systems T&D Systems 2015 Toshiba Corporation 3
Turbine Power Plant Cumulative Experience Cumulative No. of Units 2000 1941 Units / 183 GW (as of Nov.2014) Cumulative Output (GW) 200 1500 150 1000 Nuclear Turbine (1973) Combined Cycle Turbine (1984) 100 500 First Turbine Delivered in 1927 Geothermal Turbine (1966) Supercritical Turbine (1968) 50 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year 0 [ PRD-GMG-GES-0016 Rev.43] 2015 Toshiba Corporation 4
CO 2 Reduction and CCS for Thermal Power Plants 1400 CO 2 Emissions (grams / kwh) 1200 1000 800 600 400 Sub Critical USC A-USC 1100 lbs / MWh 200 USC+CCS A-USC+CCS ( 90% CO 2 Capture ) ( 90% CO 2 Capture ) 0 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 Plant Net Efficiency (LHV) TOSHIBA CORPORATION 2014, All rights reserved. 5
Contents 1. Background 2. Application of CO 2 Capture to Thermal Power Plants 3. Technology Verification at Mikawa 4. Summary TOSHIBA CORPORATION 2014, All rights reserved. 6
CO 2 Capture Technology for Thermal Power Plants Fuel CO 2 H 2 O N 2 Boiler DeNOx EP FGD CO 2 Capture Air CO 2 Post Combustion Capture (PCC) H 2 O N 2 O 2 PROS: - Process proven in chemical industry - Adaptable to new build, existing retros - Adaptable to other emitters (steel, cement) - Partial capture configuration possible CONS: - Energy penalty for capture - Equipments tend to be larger than other techs CO 2 H 2 O O 2 Boiler EP FGD CO 2 Capture H 2 O PROS: - Capture process after boiler simplified - Little penalty associated with capture itself Fuel O 2 ASU Air CO 2 Oxy-Fuel (Firing) CONS: - Energy penalty and cost required for ASU - Plant operational flexibility - Additional equip required for CO2 purity - No partial capture configuration possible Fuel Gasifier CO 2 CO H 2 O H 2 O 2 DeNOx/FGD Air ASU H 2 O Shift Reactor CO 2 H 2 H 2 CO 2 Capture CO 2 Pre Combustion Capture Gas Turbine PROS: - Capture equipments smaller (high pressure) - Capture energy penalty smaller CONS: - Energy penalty and cost required for ASU - IGCC lacks operational flexibility of CC - Only new build application - No partial capture configuration possible ASU: Air Separation Unit FGD: Fuel Gas Desulphurization EP: Electrostatic Precipitator 2015 Toshiba Corporation 7
Post Combustion Capture: Chemical Absorption Flue Gas Flue Gas after CO 2 Capture Captured CO 2 Gas Absorber Stripper CO 2 Partial Pressure CO 2 Capture Reboiler CO 2 Loading (mol-co 2 /mol-amine) 2015 Toshiba Corporation 8
I-1 GC I-1 I-1 I-1 GC I-1 P-27 E-13 P-52 I-1 V-1 P-21 E-4 I-2 P-23 P-19 P-20 P-25 P-26 LC P-18 P-16 P-9 E-12 P-15 E-11 P I-6 P-42 P-43 P-9 T I-7 T I-9 I-8 E-7 P-36 V-3 P-35 GC P-14 I-4 P-17 P P-12 P-51 I-14 P-33P-49 P-33 P-34 P-48 T E-8 I-13 E-16 T I-5 P-13 I-11 P-47 P-7 P-38 P-38 P-39 T I-12 P-10 P-10 P-46 P-11 E-3 P-45 P-11 T P-50 I-10 P I-16 P-11 LC P-7 P-1 E-6 P-3 E-17 E-5 P-6 P-8 P-2 E-18 P-40 E-19 P-41 CO 2 Capture Technology Implementation Flow E-1 Stirpper N2 O2 CO2 SOx NOx Screening of Absorbents and Evaluation of System Performance Improvement by Simulation Overall Demonstration at Mikawa - PCC Pilot Plant Evaluation of Basic Properties and Absorption Performance Performance / Degradation Evaluation by Small Loop Full Scale / Commercial Plant 2015 Toshiba Corporation 9
Thermal Power Plant and Carbon Capture Boiler GAH ESP IDF Flue gas treatment Stack Utility Facilities Auxiliary power Extraction Steam System CO2 Compressor Liquefied CO2 Water Supply System Steam Turbine & Generator Absorber G LP -B LP -A Condenser HIP Stripper Reboiler Additional FGD Control and Service Air Cooling Water CEP LP Heaters Deae BFP HP Heaters Cooling Tower Drain Recovery System CO2 Capture Plant Waste Water Treatment 2015 Toshiba Corporation 10
Integration to Thermal Power Plants Boiler GAH ESP IDF Flue gas treatment 2. Integration to Power System & Cycle 1. Integration to Flue Gas System Stack Utility Facilities Auxiliary power Extraction Steam System CO2 Compressor Liquefied CO2 3. Integration with Plant Utility Systems Water Supply System Steam Turbine & Generator Absorber G LP -B LP -A Condenser HIP 4. Integration with Power Plant Stripper Operation and Maintenance Reboiler Additional FGD Control and Service Air Cooling Water CEP LP Heaters Deae BFP HP Heaters Cooling Tower Drain Recovery System CO2 Capture Plant Waste Water Treatment 2015 Toshiba Corporation 11
Thermal Power Plant Applications Planning of New Built 500MW USC Coal Plant with CCS (Ready) Plant CO 2 Capture and Compression Planning of CCS Demo Retrofit onto Existing 550MW Subcritical Coal Plant 2015 Toshiba Corporation 12
Contents 1. Background 2. Application of CO 2 Capture to Thermal Power Plants 3. Technology Verification at Mikawa 4. Summary 2015 Toshiba Corporation 13
Mikawa Post Combustion CO 2 Capture Pilot Plant Location: Outline: Tokyo Sigma Power Ariake Co., Ltd. Mikawa Power Plant Omuta City, Fukuoka, Japan 2015 Toshiba Corporation 14
Mikawa PCC Pilot Plant - Overview and Summary Plant Outline Location: Omuta City, Fukuoka Inside Mikawa Thermal Power Plant (Property of SIGMA POWER Ariake Co.Ltd.) Test Commenced: September 29, 2009 Carbon Capture Post Combustion Capture Technology: Amine-based Chemical Absorption (Toshiba s Solvent System) Capture Capacity: 10 ton-co 2 / day Flue Gas Flow: 2100 Nm 3 / hour ( from Coal Fired Power Plant ) * Test flue gas CO 2 concentration adjustable from 4%(NGCC) to 30%(Steel works) utilizing absorber and stripper exit gas recirculation and air bypass intake line. Summary of Results (as of Apr 2015) Cumulative 8680 hours of operation on a live flue gas of coal fired thermal power plant CO2 Recovery Energy: less than 2.4 GJ/ t-co 2 (@90% CO 2 Capture, CO 2 Conc. approx. 12%) Verified system stability over 2800 hours of continuous operation. Web link http://www.toshiba-smartcommunity.com/en/smart-grid/ccs http://www3.toshiba.co.jp/power/english/thermal/products/ccs/ccs.htm 2015 Toshiba Corporation 15
Evaluation of Long Term Plant Performance (Solvents, Materials) PCC Pilot Plant Verification Solvent Sampling and Evaluation Plant Operability O&M Evaluation Material Test Piece and Evaluation Solvent Purification Test Evaluation of Plant Operability Plant Start-Up and Shutdown 2015 Toshiba Corporation 16
PCC Pilot Plant Test: Continuous Operation Results CO2 Capture Ratio[ %] 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 8 6 CO 2 Capture Ratio 4 Captured CO 2 2 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Operating Time [hr] 20 18 16 14 12 10 Captured CO2 [t/d] 2015 Toshiba Corporation 17
Ministry of the Environment CCS Project <Background> Zero carbon power plants, as well as drastic energy saving and maximum use of renewable energy, are essential to reduce GHG emissions by 80% by 2050. Major emission sources that keep releasing large amounts of CO2 during their long lifetime, especially coal fired power plants, etc., are recommended to implement CCS. To introduce CCS, environmental conservation should be considered by taking Japan specific factors into account: for example, major emission sources spreading throughout Japan, highly developed coastal areas, etc. <Purpose> Examining the components and whole system of the shuttle ship transportation and injection concept, which is seen as a feasible technology to efficiently transport CO2 between onshore emission sources and offshore storage sites. Examining environmental impacts of amine solutions that are used to separate and capture CO2. Investigating the effective introduction of CCS (public acceptance, economic evaluation, etc.) <Goal> Integrated CCS demonstration project consisting of CO2 separation and capture at emission sources such as coal fired power plants, CO2 transportation via a shuttle ship, injection from the ship to under the seabed, and monitoring. 2015 Toshiba Corporation 18
Coal fired power plant, etc. CO2 Capture plant MoE CCS Project Outline Task 1. Evaluation of the Environmental Impacts in the CO2 Capture Process Evaluation of amine emissions. Investigation of methods to mitigate amine emissions. Risk assessment methodology and guidelines, etc. CO2 shuttle ship Offshore area (deep water) Task 2. Study of Shuttle Ship Transportation and Injection System Study of shipping models and schedules. Preliminary design of a vessel and its components. Technical studies of the components and whole system of transportation and injection, etc. Flexible riser pipe Task 3. Investigation of an Effective Introduction Summarization of advantages and challenges of an environmentally friendly CCS. Feasibility study and supporting policy evaluation. Review of Strategy to enhance public acceptance and build consensus. Exploration of overseas deployment, etc. Task 4. Investigation for deploying demonstration projects Review of sites appropriate for integrated CCS demonstration. Study of monitoring methods for deep-water sea area. Plan of integrated CCS demonstration project based on Task1 to Task3, etc. Impermeable layer Injection well Saline aquifer 2015 Toshiba Corporation 19
MoE CCS Project Institutional Arrangement Ministry of the Environment contract Consortium Project leader Dr. Makoto Akai (AIST) Mizuho Information & Research Institute, Inc. (organizer) National Institute of Advanced Industrial science and Technology Advisory committee for introducing environmentally friendly CCS Risk assessment of CO2 capture process, Investigation of an effective introduction, consortium secretariat Toshiba Corporation Summarization of advantages and challenges of environmentally friendly CCS, Study of monitoring methods Chiyoda Corporation Report Subcommittee for environmental impact of CO2 separation and capture absorbent CO2 capture process (emission test and design of plant etc.) JGC Corporation Shuttle ship transportation and injection system, Demonstration sites Quintessa Japan Advice Subcommittee for shuttle ship transportation and injection technologies Quintessa Quintessa Japan Plan of integrated CCS demonstration project Examination of public acceptance 2015 Toshiba Corporation 20
MoE CCS Project Evaluation of the Environmental Impacts in the CO 2 Capture Process <Background and goals> CO2 absorbents (amine solutions) may affect the environment when released into the atmosphere. Nitrosamine, a class of chemical compounds including some amine derivatives, may pose risks to human health. To draft guidelines for risk assessment, which include guideline values, by understanding the environmental load through the assessment of risks of the CO2 capture process. To study the impact of emissions from amine solutions on the environment and flue gas composition, and emission reduction technologies. Toshiba Mikawa Post Combustion Capture Pilot Plant (at Omuta, Fukuoka Prefecture) <Details> 1 Understanding environmental load of CO2 capture process Understanding the actual status of environmental effects of amine solutions during the use phase and the disposal phase will be conducted. 2 Evaluation of amine emissions Quantitative analysis of amine compounds in emission tests under continuous operation of Mikawa Post Combustion Capture Pilot Plant will be carried out. 3 Assessing environmental risk Taking into account the results of 1,2, and 4, we will determine the chemical substances subject to risk assessment, define the scope of the assessment, and conduct risk assessments. 4 Investigation of methods to mitigate amine emissions Using the newly constructed system which enables control of amine emission to a low level, optimum operation parameters will be investigated and mitigation performance of the amine emissions will be confirmed to study emission reduction methods. 5 Drafting guidelines To minimize environmental impacts of the CO2 capture process, and to encourage plant owners to construct and install the equipment appropriately, we will draft guidelines, which will include guideline values for environmental risk assessment. 6 Front end design for CO2 capture demonstration project In order to construct and execute the demonstration facility after FY2016, front end design of a CO2 capture facility, with the capacity to capture around 1000 tons of CO2 per day or more, will be performed. 2015 Toshiba Corporation 21
MoE CCS PJ: Evaluation and Control of Amine Emissions Mikawa Power Plant Tower 2 Tower 1 Amine Emissions Control Testing Equipment Captured CO 2 Washing Section Introduce part of flue gas from absorber to the testing equipment Stripper Absorber Boiler Flue Gas Reboiler Additional FGD Mikawa PCC Pilot Plant Blower Tower 1 Tower 2 Amine Emissions Evaluation and Control Testing scheduled to commence September 2015 2015 Toshiba Corporation 22
Contents 1. Background 2. Application of CO 2 Capture to Thermal Power Plants 3. Technology Verification at Mikawa 4. Summary 2015 Toshiba Corporation 23
Summary Toshiba continues to work in improving the efficiency and decarbonizing thermal power plant, as an integrated power plant supplier. Toshiba recognizes CCS as means to fundamentally decrease the CO 2 emission of the thermal power plants. With this view, Toshiba built its pilot plant at Mikawa power plant in 2009 to test, verify and accelerate the early deployment of the technology. Mikawa pilot plant will be used to support the CCS Project for the Ministry of the Environment, the goal of which is to realize a fully integrated CCS demonstration in Japan, from CO 2 capture, transport, off-shore sub-seabed storage and monitoring. 2015 Toshiba Corporation 24
Toshiba Corporation Power Systems Company Thermal & Hydro Power Systems & Services Division CCS Business Manager Kensuke Suzuki e-mail: kensuke1.suzuki@toshiba.co.jp 2015 Toshiba Corporation 25