Understanding Your Environment: Forests, Trees and Responsible Wood Products Katie Fernholz Dovetail Partners www.dovetailinc.org The Wood Products Council is a Registered Provider with The$ American$Ins.tute$of$Architects$Con.nuing$Educa.on$Systems$(AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-aia members are available upon request. This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. " " Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. Copyright Materials! " This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited." " The Wood Products Council 2013" 1
Learning Objectives! At the end of this program, participants will be able to:" 1. Understand the forests and forestry of North America" 2. Identify current forest management practices used in North America 3. Identify regulations, guidelines and best practices of the forest industry 4. Understand the environmental impacts and benefits of managed forests! What%is%a%Forest?% Understanding Forests What is a Forest? Environmental Considerations Sources:!Dovetail!Partners;!Kentucky!lady's!slipper!(Cypripedium!kentuckiense).!Na?onal!Forests!in!Texas.!Photo!by!Jason!Singhurst,!Texas!Parks!and!Wildlife,!! Sam!Houston!Na?onal!!Forest,!pristuff.wordpress.com,!hMp://angelsOview.blogspot.com! 2
Understanding Forests What is a Forest? Economic Considerations Sources:!Dovetail!Partners,!wood!home!hMp://homeisbest.com,!Carrizo!Wood!Products!hMp://www.nacogdoches.org,!! longoleaf!pine!baskets!hmp://blogs.usda.gov/tag/texasoforestoservice/,!lake!fork!hmp://www.fws.gov/salmonorhewest/fws.htm!!! Understanding Forests What is a Forest? Social Considerations Sources:!Dovetail!Partners;!campground!hMp://www.trails.com,!Horseback!riders!in!Jones!State!Forest! Photo!from!hMp://blog.shoptrailblazer.com/hike/aObriefOhistoryOofOtheOappalachianOtrail,!Texas!Forest!Service,!Sam!Houston!Na?onal!!Forest,!hMp://pristuff.wordpress.com/2011/04/21/samOhoustonOna?onalOforest/,! hmp://biodiversitytrail.org!!!! Where%do%forests%grow%% in%north%america?% 3
1. Arc+cTundra 2. Boreal%Forest% 3. Rocky%Mtn%Evergreen%Forest% 4. Pacific%Coast%Evergreen%Forest% 5. Northern%Mixed%Forest% 6. Eastern%Deciduous%Forest% 7. Coastal%Plain%Mixed%Evergreen%Forest% 8. Mexican%Montane%Forest% 9. Central%American%Rain%Forest% 10. GreatPlainsGrasslands 11. TropicalSavanna 12. CoolDesert 13. HotDesert 14. MediterraneanShrub QuesNon%#1:% The$area$covered$by$forests$in$the$U.S.$ today$is$approximately$ %$of$the$ forested$area$that$existed$in$1600.$ a.$$72$percent$ b.$$50$percent$ c.$$$33$percent$ d.$$17$percent$ Canadahasabout995millionacresofforest equalto91%ofitsoriginalforest cover,morethananyothercountry. 4
QuesNon%#2:% True$(T)$or$False$(F).$$The$geographic$ area$that$encompasses$the$united$ States$today$has$more$forest$coverage$ than$it$did$in$1920.$ QuesNon%#2:% True$(T)$or$False$(F).$$The$geographic$ area$that$encompasses$the$united$ States$today$has$more$forest$coverage$ than$it$did$in$1920.$ Forest'Area'in'the'United'States'163042007% Source:!USDAOForest!Service,!General!Technical!Report!WOO78.!(2009).! 5
Forest$area$trends$in$the$United$States$by$major$region,$1630J2007.$ Source:(Forest(Resources(of(the(United(States,(2007 Forestland Ownership in the United States Causesofforestareachange Inthe1990s,almost70percentofdeforestedareaswerechangedto agriculturalland.source:!fao!2001b 6
1930 s, Eroded lands which became part of the Shawnee National Forest, Illinois Sources:hRp://www.foresthistory.org/ASPNET/Publica+ons/region/9/history/chap6.aspx hrp://www.fs.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsinternet/!ut/p/c4/04_sb8k8xllm9msszpy8xbz9cp0os3gjawhwtddw9_ai8zpwhqoy6bdkoyocapkatla!/? ss=110908navtype=browsebysubjectcid=fse_003853navid=091000000000000pnavid=nullposi+on=browsebysubjectrype=mainpname=shawnee %20Na+onal%20Forestj%20Home Urban Land Expansion in the Conterminous United States, 1976-1992. Source: http://diegopuga.org/data/sprawl/maps/ 7
Sources:!Dovetail!Partners,!hMp://www.springwoodforestry.com! What%do%we%know%about% growing%trees?% 1940 8
1945 1950 1955 9
1961 1971 1974 10
Forest Succession Source: http://missjaye1.wikispaces.com/patterns+in+a+community Source: http://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch8.html 11
Stocking Chart for Douglas Fir Source: http://afrf.forestry.ubc.ca/files/2012/03/stocking-standards-for-uneven-aged-interior-douglas-fir-1998.pdf. Forestry%101% Thinning This forest has been logged twice, most recently a year before this picture was taken. What is responsible forestry? 12
Shelterwood What is responsible forestry? Regenera+onHarvest Whataboutclearcukng? Sustainable Forestry Guided by Science and Adaptive Management Source: http://www.forestsandfish.com/guided-by-science/science-in-action/ 13
What%other%tools%do%we% have?% Forestry'Laws' Examples: ForestandRangelandRenewableResourcesPlanningAct(RPA) WildernessActof1964 USForestServiceLawEnforcement LaceyActjIllegalLogging CanadianEnvironmentalProtec+onActConsolidatedStatutesof Canada,ChapterC.15 FisheriesAct(Canada),RevisedStatutes1985,ChapterF.14and OntarioFisheriesRegula+ons ForestryAct(Canada),ConsolidatedStatutesofCanada,Chapter Fj30 CrownForestSustainabilityAct,1994,S.O.1994,c.25(CFSA) EndangeredSpeciesAct,S.O.2007,c.6 ProfessionalForestersAct,2000,S.O.2000,c.18 Washington State Forestry Laws Forestry is regulated by state and federal environmental laws and subject to Native American treaty rights. 1974, Forest Practices Act 1987, Timber, Fish Wildlife Agreement (TFW) 1999, Forests Fish Law 2006, 50 year Habitat Conservation Plan - Covers 9.3 million acres of non-federal forest and applies to 60,000 miles of forested streams. http://www.wfpa.org/page/regulatory-environment/, http://tdn.com/news/local/dnr-patrol-about-education-safety-as-much-as-crime-prevention/article_326d893e-927d-11e1-959e-001a4bcf887a.html 14
RMAP (road maintenance and abandonment plans) program of the 1999 law/2006 HCP http://www.wfpa.org/page/roads-and-culverts/ Tools for Assuring Accountability j BestManagementPrac+ces (BMPs) j State,FederalandProvincial monitoringandforestinventory programs j Con+nuingEduca+on j ProfessionalLoggerTraining andcer+fica+on j ThirdjPartyForestCer+fica+on Certified Forests around the World 15
Cer+fiedForestLandsinCanada Source:hRp://www.fpac.ca/index.php/cer+fica+onjmapjen/cer+fica+onjinjcanada/fpacjcer+fica+onjmap/ What%does%this%all%mean?% 16
QuesNon%#3:% Which$of$the$following$statements$most$ accurately$describes$u.s.$forests:$ a) Forest$harvest$exceeds$growth$ by$20$percent.$ b) Forest$harvest$exceeds$growth$ by$5$percent.$ c) Forest$harvest$roughly$equals$ growth.$ d) Forest$growth$exceeds$harvest$ by$20$percent.$ e) Forest$growth$exceeds$harvest$ by$70$percent.$ QuesNon%#3:% Which$of$the$following$statements$most$ accurately$describes$u.s.$forests:$ a) Forest$harvest$exceeds$growth$ by$20$percent.$ b) Forest$harvest$exceeds$growth$ by$5$percent.$$ c) Forest$harvest$roughly$equals$ growth.$ d) Forest$growth$exceeds$harvest$ by$20$percent.$ e) Forest$growth$exceeds$harvest$ by$70$percent.$ U.S. Timber Growth and Removals, 1920-2006 Billions of cubic feet/ year This%does%not%include%forest%lands%that%are% designated%as%reserves%or%preserves.%% Source: USDA - Forest Service. 2010. Forest Resources of the United States. 17
ProporNon%of%U.S.%forest%in%reserved%status%by% subregion,%2007.%% Source:!Forest!Resources!of!the!United!States,!2007. The%U.S.%has%three% Nmes%as%much% reserved%land%as% we%had%in%1953.% %% About%14%%of%total% forest%land%in%the% US%is%in%reserves%or% preserves.%% Standing%Timber%Inventory% %U.S.%1952\2007% Source: USDA-Forest Service, 2007. Colorado,2010 PinebarkbeRle 18
Acres%of%Wildland%Fire%in%the%United% States,%1960\2006% % Million Acres Source:!Forest!Resources!of!the!United!States,!2007 Forestry$is$the$most$sustainable$ of$all$the$primary$industries$that$ provide$us$with$energy$and$ materials. $% % \%Patrick$Moore,$coIfounder$of$Greenpeace$ Climate'Change'Bene?its'of'Using'Wood' Source: http://www.naturallywood.com/sustainable-forests/climate-change 19
http://www.workingforests.org/ http://www.workingforests.org/ Conclusion%and%Discussion% North America has the capacity to grow abundant forests Total forest area has held steady for more than 80 years Forest Science guides the restoration and careful management of forests Current harvest levels are much lower than net growth Using wood products helps the climate, improves forest health, and supports people 20
QuesNons?% ThisconcludesTheAmerican Ins+tuteofArchitectsCon+nuing Educa+onSystemsCourse Kathryn%Fernholz% DovetailPartners ka+e@dovetailinc.org www.dovetailinc.org 21