Drought Risk Management in the context of

Drought Risk Management in the context of Disaster Risk Reduction Africa-Asia Drought Adaptation Forum 2011 Africa-Asia Drought Risk Management Peer Assistance Project Bangkok, 14-15 June 2011 Pedro Basabe, PhD Head, UNISDR Regional Office for Africa Web: www.unisdr.org/africa 1

Overview I Disaster Risk Reduction Context II Drought Risk Management and Framework III Perspectives 2

UNISDR vision statement: Catalyse, facilitate and mobilise the commitment and resources of national, sub- regional, regional and international stakeholders to build the resilience of nations and communities to disasters I 3

Disaster trends & impacts -> rising In 2010: 373 disasters due to natural hazards Nearly: 300,000 casualties, 208 million affected. US$ 110 billion Haiti earthquake, Russian heat wave. Floods: Pakistan, West, Southern Africa, Australia. Cyclones, Drought in the HoA www.unisdr.org/africa 1a. Human losses: numbers I 1b. Human losses: hazards by personal income I n come Class drought Number of People Killed(Income Class/Disaster Type) (1975-2000) World Summary Low income Low Income 180 Lower-middle income Lower Middle Income Upper-middle 520,418(26.25%) 1,347,504(67.98%) Upper Middle Income 87,414(4.41%) income 100 High income High Income 27,010(1.36%) 200 160 140 120 80 60 2. Economic losses: non-insured and insured 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Number of People Killed('000s) Drought Earthquake Epidemic Flood Slide Volcano Wind storm Others 40 20 0 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 4 2006 NatCatSERVICE, Geo Risks Research, Munich Re Source: EM-DAT, OFDA/CRED, Brussels, world data 1900-2004:

Common root causes > Risk components Vision Natural and human-induced hazards e.g.: geological, g hydro-meteorological hazards, HAZARDS + land degradation, CC, etc. EXTREME EVENTS I Socio-economic economic: : poverty, unplanned urban growth, lack of awareness and institutional capacities... Physical: : insufficient land use planning, housing, infrastructures located in hazard prone areas... VULNERABILITY / Capacities Environmental impact ecosystem degradation; coastal, watershed, marshlands ), etc. Examples: Haiti earthquake (Jan. 2010), Pakistan floods (Aug. 2010) West Africa floods, HoA drought Can sustainable development be achieved without considering the risk to natural hazards? No, so we need to address the root-causes to vulnerability. 5

What is Disaster Risk Reduction I 6

Global and Regional DRR Strategies and Frameworks: The Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015: Building the resilience of Nations and Communities to disasters Negotiated outcome of the WCDR, Kobe January 2005, by168 governments. I Africa Strategy, Programme of Action 2005-2010 and Guidelines (Initially developed by AUC, NEPAD, AfDB, ISDR, UNDP, UNEP) Negotiated and approved by 53 African countries in 2004. Now extended until 2015 7

SUMMARY of the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: I 8

DRR mechanisms and platforms for action National implementation National frameworks, multi-stakeholders, t ld and multi disciplinary i with Support from UN country team when appropriate I IS SDR pro ogramm me regional and ational and r ort national nated interna orts to supp coordin effo local ca apacities Regional (Min. Conf. &Regional Platforms) Based on existing regional and sub-regional strategies and mechanisms Thematic Building on existing networks, clusters, other mechanisms eg: Parliamentarians Global Platform report to GA Every two years, 8-13 May 2011, Geneva: Governments, International, UN, regional organisations, experts, NGOs and practitioners 9

HFA Mid-Term Review GP3 Five years of implementation at national, regional and international levels Strategic areas for further attention: eg: Holistic approach, avoid compartmentalisation t ti Cross-cutting issues and underlying risk factors Cost-benefit analysis Increase coordination and coherence Integration of CCAdaptation and DRR Suggestions for accelerating DRR a development issue. Governance for DRR. Accountability. Implementation at community level. Defining i the how. Thinking about post 2015 framework 10

Africa Context: vulnerability & exposure www.unisdr.org/africa increasing. so risk Indicators of Vulnerability: 1. Physical exposure to climate related hazards (drought, floods, storms, landslides, wildfires) 2. Household and community vulnerability (limited access to health, nutrition, sanitation, and education levels) l 3. Governance and incidence of political violence 4. Population density Source: Busby et al., 2010 11

Africa Context www.unisdr.org/africa In partnership with: AUC, NPCA, RECs, AfDB, specialised entities, donors, UN, Civil Society, etc. Africa Strategy and Programme of Action for DRR 2006-2015: 2015: with strategic t objectives, areas of intervention, expected results and indicators. Substantive Ministerial Declaration Mechanisms for coordination and support implementation: Regional Platform for DRR (every two years). Africa Working group for DRR (reconstitute in Dec 10) Sub-Regional Platforms for DRR National Platforms and capacity development 12

Some practical publications CC and DRR. Standard terminology Set of good practices: Gender perspective: integrating DRR into CCA Indigenous knowledge National Platforms Linking DRR and poverty reduction DRR begins at schools Building disaster resilience communities www.unisdr.org/africa Brochures for African reality: for i) governments, ii) communities and iii) schools in E & F: Poverty reduction Governance development Floods Landslides Water management Land-use Environmental protection 13

Overview I Disaster Risk Reduction II Drought Risk Management and Framework III Perspectives 14

Drought www.unisdr.org/africa Slow onset hazard with uncertain evolution Spatial heterogeneity and trans-boundary span Affects: tens of millions of people annually Pi Primary cause: high vulnerability Growing pressures: poverty, soil degradation, population growth, conflict, HIV/AIDS, governance, climate change, etc. Drought is a complex slow onset hazard that allows mitigation and preparedness. More than ever there is a need to join efforts and address the root-causes of vulnerability: social-economic, physical, environmental factors, to build drought resilient communities and societies. II 15

Drought Risk Reduction Framework and Practices www.preventionweb.net/english/professional/publications/v.php?id=11 541 II 3. Drought and adaptation forums and networking with partners 16

Content www.unisdr.org/africa 1. Context and Objectives II 2. Drought Definition and Typology. 3. Understanding drought risk reduction and vulnerability. 4. Main elements for drought risk management (framework). 5. Network and mechanisms related to drought risk reduction. Annexes 1. Terminology on DRR 2. Directory: UN, international, regional, networks, country based, development agencies and financial mechanisms, inter. NGOs. 3. Good practices in Asia and Africa mostly 4. Results and good practices of the 3 rd drought adaptation ti forum 5. Bibliography 17

II. Drought Definition and Typology www.unisdr.org/africa 18

Elements of Drought Risk Reduction Framework Management Application ECHO funded project for DRM in the H A 19

Global Assessment Report Chapter 3: Drought risks Based on case studies complexity of drought: Increasing vulnerability and exposure risk Little political and economic incentives Strengthening drought risk management, as an integral part of risk governance, will be fundamental to sustaining and enhance the quality of live in many prone countries to drought. Understand and revealing the full spectrum is a challenge that must be addressed in the years to come. II 20

Some ideas to move forward? www.unisdr.org/africa Partnership development and coordination, information sharing, mechanism for knowledge exchange and application. Strengthening or developing regional networks for drought risk reduction. Move to a global network. To collectively support linking policies with practices to implement coordinated and sustainable programmes for drought risk reduction. Need to identify and coordinate common activities. III A discussion on international funding opportunities to support countries to plan and implement drought risk reduction programmes and activities. iti 21

III Africa yearly y publication to promote information and knowledge sharing on programmes, projects and practices for DRR. We would appreciate to send your articles to ISDR-Africa@unep.org 22

Thank you for your attention. We look forward to working together in order to reduce the impacts of disaster due to drought in Africa and Asia. Web: www.unisdr.org/africa www.preventionweb.net 23