NAMASKAR and Good Morning from the country of Mt. Everest and Buddha

NAMASKAR and Good Morning from the country of Mt. Everest and Buddha

Strengthening Integrated Intermodal Transport Connectivity for Southeast and South-Southwest Asia Country presentations on policies, planning and challenges related to transport connectivity -Nepal PRESENTATION BY: MUKTI GAUTAM

CONTENTS OF PRESENTATIONS Mode of transportation in Nepal Regional road density scenario Road Development Strategy in Nepal Policies in Transportation sector Challenges on Transport Connectivity Way Forward

Mode of transportation in Nepal Roadways Airways Waterways Railways and Ropeways

Share of various transportation modes in Nepal Air, 8% Other (Rail 53 Km, Rope 5Km etc.), 2% Data Shows that more than 98% movements of people and goods are served by Road and Air transportation. Road and Highways, 90% Other means of transportation has only symbolic presence though they have equal importance in integrated transportation system.

Mode of transportation in Nepal Roads Central Road and Local Road Network System The Strategic Road Network (SRN) consists of the Central Road System including the Asian Highway, SAARC Road Corridor, National Highways and Feeder Roads SRN is administered by MoPIT / DoR Length of SRN : 14498 Km (21 NH + 208 FR)

System of transportation in Nepal

Mode of transportation in Nepal Airways 52 Airports operated in Nepal Only one international airport Air services contribute to passenger movements to key commercial and tourist destinations Arial View of Tribhuban Inter.. Airport

System of transportation in Nepal Roads Local Road System includes remaining local roads and are administered by the Local Bodies, Department of Local Infrastructure Development. Length of LRN around 60,000 Km As Nepal is now entered in to a federal system, the government is reviewing the entire network and dividing the administrative role among Federal, Provincial and Local government. Bhaktapur Suryavinayak Road

Mode of transportation in Nepal Railways Railway Length : 53 Km (Janakpur to Jainagar, narrow gauge) - not in operation now, Under construction in Broad gauge Under designing : E-W railway Under Planning: Kerung (Chinese Border)- Kathmandu - Pokhara - Lumbini (Indian Border)

National Plan of Rail Network

Mode of transportation in Nepal Waterways No Commercial water transport in Nepal However, rafting in the Trishuli and the Kaligandaki rivers is very popular. Some lakes like Phewa, Rupa, Begnas have boat services. Steamers are sailing on the reservoir of Kaligandaki A Hydropower of Syangja.

Mode of transportation in Nepal Ropeways Some efforts from private sector to develop cable car and Ropeways Kurintar Pokhara Phulchowki Chandragiri There are some gravity goods Ropeway in operations in the country Cable Car: Kurintar to Manakamana Temple Cable car to Chandragiri Hill Kathmandu

Road Development Strategy in Nepal Provide access to road head in maximum 2 hours walk in Plains and 4 hours walk in Hills All DHQs to be connected with SRN (2 districts head quarter yet to be connected ). Construction of Express ways for commercially viable routes Good cross border Connectivity Increase Road density to meet basic connectivity needs. Develop Multi- modal transportation as a system with a optimal mix of Roadways, Railways, Airways, Ropeways and waterways Many efforts to be made to comply with national policy and International commitments

National Transport Policy 2002 Objectives To develop a reliable, cost effective, safe facility oriented and sustainable transport system that promotes and sustains the economic, social, cultural and tourism development of Nepal as a whole Minimizing the Total Transport Cost Strategies Clearly indicate the limit and scope of work to be done from the central level Strong decentralized governance system by utilizing the resource and means at local level Private Sector involvement in development and preservation of the Transport system

Rio+20 Outcome Document (Transport) Transport and Mobility are key to Sustainable Development Efficient movement of goods and people Energy efficient multimodal transport system Clean fuels and vehicles Integrated approach to planning Affordable and sustainable transport Sustainable transit transport- need of landlocked and transit countries Capacity development

Transportation Agenda in Sustainable Development Goals (Post 2015 Development Agenda) (11.2) by 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons (9.1) Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure (2.3) equal access to markets (2.a) increase investment in rural infrastructure (13.2) Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning

Existing Cross- Border and Transportation System Agreed Routes for Mutual Trade India-Nepal: 27 Bilateral trading points (Treaty of Trade) China-Nepal: 3 bilateral trade point Transit Route India and Bangladesh Kolkota/Haldia Sea Port for 3rd country trade connecting with 15 Nepal-India Routes Phulbari-Banglabandh Transit to Bangladesh

Cross- Border and Transit Transport by Land

Asian Highway in Nepal 20 S. N Description Distance in Nepal Km Asian Highway SASEC corridor SAARC corridor 1 Birgung- Kathmandu- Kodari 2 Kakadbhitta Brahmadebmandi 297 AH 42 Corridor No 1 1027 AH 2 Corridor No 5 Corridor No 2 Corridor No 4

Asian Highway in Nepal 21

North south connectors proposed 22

Challenges of Transport Connectivity 1. Transport network expansion in complex geographic/geological conditions Integrated Transportation system (combination of Road, Rail. Air, Rope etc.) 2. Reduction of Traffic Congestion in Urban area Policy Intervention Improvement in transportation system management 3. Traffic Safety Improvement in transportation system management Engineering, Education & Enforcement

Challenges of Transport Connectivity 4. Culture of unplanned development All level Awareness including Political awareness 5. Technological Constraints Capacity Building Promotion of new technology 6. Financial constraints: Needs 800 Arab (800000 million) additional budget other than normal fiscal budget Policy Intervention Involvement of private sector Performance based mainainance strategy

Challenges of Transport Connectivity 7. No access to the Ocean (Land lock) Investment in cross-boarder connectivity Involvement in OROB, BBIN efficiently and proactively. 8. Prevailing policy Prevailing transportation policy shall be substantiated with comprehensive integrated transport policy 9. Institutional Dilemma in federal system Organization Management Strong commitment Working Environment Clear division of work, resources and responsibilities

Challenges of Transport Connectivity 10. Improving urban mobility Priority on collective modes of transport Improvement in traffic system management 11. Assurance of connectivity within and outside (rural also) urban area 12. Preservation of environment planning for proximity, improved communications systems, bringing services closer, etc. Use of low carbon emission vehicle Mass Transportation Electrical Vehicles Improvement in traffic system management Policy Intervention: Polluters to pay

Challenges of Transport Connectivity 13. Preservation of social values and importance 14. Private sectors involvement in transport sector development Improvement in traffic system management considering differently able people, elder people, child etc. Involvement of social workers, peoples representatives during planning phase Clarity in policy documents eg, BOOT Act. Land companion issue Working Environment

Way Forward: Improvement of Transportation System Management (TSM) TSM is the application of construction, operational and institutional actions to the most productive and cost-effective use of existing transportation facilities and services. TSM can be attained through TSM Actions Following TSM actions are suggested: Traffic Engineering Improvements : Improvement through Channelization, left/right turn lanes, one way streets, intersection widenings, Road marking, Traffic signs etc.

Way Forward: Improvement of Transportation System Management (TSM) Traffic Control Improvements: By reducing travel time, delays, stops there by improving average speeds on highways. Strategies: co-ordination of traffic signals, optimization of timing plans, using bus priority signal control system, computer based traffic control and street traffic management. Priority Treatment for high occupancy vehicles (HOV): Priority shall be given to high occupancy vehicles in highway, major bridges, parking places, narrow roads at reconstruction stretches of highways.

Way Forward: Improvement of Transportation System Management (TSM) Ridership Programs or Travel demand management programs: These are institutional or operational actions such as, HOV lanes, preferential parking for HOVs, flexible work hour policies, pricing policies (for parking and transit). Parking Management: On-street parking restriction. Off street parking pricing to encourage ridesharing or short-term use. Compulsory car parking space with car owner.

Way Forward: National Transport policy for Integrated transport system National transport policy for Integrated transport system: The existing policies dealt the different transportation system separately. The shall be dealt in integrated way. One system may me complementary to other.

Way Forward: Possible Policy Options Integrated transport planning Improvement of public transportation (MRT, LRT, BRT, Public Bus) Modal shift to energy efficient modes (Technology, Hybrid, NMT (Non motorized transport) Congestion management (Road pricing, car free areas/days) Resilient Infrastructure

Way Forward: Possible Policy Options Income generation policy through efficient utilization and management of available asset Increasing the entry tax on private car at border entry. Users to pay and polluter s to pay policy. Above two policy will reduce the trip numbers there by decrease in traffic congestion and also emission of CO2, hence source of revenue as a byproduct.

Thank you for your kind Attention