Supplying New Markets with Forest Products Nationwide Bryce Stokes USDA Forest Service Research & Development Washington, DC
The Carbohydrate Economy... (Cellulosic Biorefinery...) Bioeconomy Dr. Peter Ince, USFS
Not just fuel treatments out West! Biomass and feedstocks for energy and biobased products across the country!
USDA Forest Inventory & Analysis Nationwide Forest Biomass Map We Got Biomass! Draft 2006 Courtesy of USDA FS FIA
Preamble Woody Biomass Sources Small-diameter trees Forest Residues Clearings and conversions of timberland Wastes Processing Construction/demolition Yard trimmings Production Conventional harvests Short-rotation woody crops Land use change FROM ALL FOREST LANDS Federal, State, and Tribal Private Non-industrial Industrial Woody Biomass Uses Biopower (any scale) Electricity Heat and cooling Conversion Combustion Syngas Liquid fuels Biofuels Ethanol Biodiesel Jet fuels Methanol/biobutanol, etc Bioproducts (offset fossil energy Construction/facility Preferred products
Current Market Values For Small Diameter Trees 250 VALUE ($/GREEN TON) 200 150 100 50 0 POLES POSTS LUMBER FIREWOOD CHIPS Cost to Harvest Courtesy of Sue LeVan
Natural Resource Management Environment Climate Change Stand Function Sustainability Biomass Management and Use Energy Renewable Secure Sustainable Economy Costs Rural Development Global Competition
Biomass Policy The Biomass R&D Act of 2000 directs DOE and USDA to enhance and coordinate biomass R&D efforts. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 provides direction on program content as well as loan guarantee authorization for commercial scale demonstrations. The President s National Energy Policy includes multiple recommendations that support bioenergy. The President s Advance Energy Initiative. The Energy Title (Title IX) of the Farm Bill provides support for increased use of biomass energy and products and for R&D. National Fire Plan & Ten-Year Comprehensive Strategy, Healthy Forest Initiative, and Healthy Forest Restoration Act provide for biomass management for fire and health. DOE/DOI/USDA MOU on Woody Biomass Utilization President s New Energy Emphasis
WOODY BIOMASS UTILIZATION GROUP 2001 National Energy Policy and White House Taskforce (requires DOI to establish a Biomass Initiative) DOI/DOE/USDA MOU (agencies to coordinate policies to encourage the use of woody biomass) BLM Biomass Strategic Plan (sets goals and performance measures for biomass removal, establishes demonstration sites, establishes an agency buy biomass program ; BLM is on the Team ) National Fire Plan (directs DOI bureaus to develop and expand markets for small diameter wood and woody biomass from fuels projects) 10-Year Implementation Plan (signed by DOI, USDA and Western Governors) Woody Biomass Utilization Group (Woody BUG) (staff level working group from DOI, USDA, DOE, any other agency with interest to coordinate biomass efforts, recommend policies, coordinate on technical issues, etc to promote biomass utilization; reports to R&D Board) Biomass R & D Act (establishes Board to oversee Fed Biomass R&D- approves grants, sets policies) Biomass R&D Board (Executive level board, staffed by a FACA Technical Advisory Committee; oversees the Woody Biomass Utilization Group) National Energy Policy Act of 2005 (numerous Titles affecting biomass which require implementing regulations) Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (Title II is Biomass; implementing regulations being written by Team members) President s Healthy Forests Initiative (Presidential initiative to expedite forest and rangeland health while protecting communities from catastrophic wildfires) Agency Teams And Efforts
IEA Good Practice Guidelines http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2007/biomass.pdf
National Renewable Energy Goals Goal Areas Approach Outcomes National Biomass Initiative Biofuels 68 billion gallons by 2030 Biopower 10 quads by 2030 Bioproducts 55 billion pounds by 2030 Vision workshop to update goals; followed by peer review. (final: Sept. 06) Three Region-specific Roadmap workshops Roadmap of R&D and policy strategies and timelines (regional and national perspective) Guidance to R&D Board Guidance for annual joint USDA/DOE solicitation Used to monitor progress by agencies President s Biofuels Initiative 30 x 30 Cellulosic ethanol 30% gasoline displaced by 2030 60 billion gallons Convened 30x 30 industrial workshop Convened government biofuels implementation planning workshop R&D & policy strategies to provide basis for DOE R&D planning Federal Implementation Plan to map agency roles 20 in 10 Reduce U.S. gas use by 20% in 10 years (2017) RFS for 35 billion gallons of renewable and alternative fuels Facilitated growth in short time frame with expanded scope of fuel sources Aspen Institute Ethanol 100 billion gallons by 2025 Convened experts for 3-4 day dialogue Generated 16 unanimous recommendations on R&D, policy, and incentives 25 x 25 Wind, Solar, Biofuels 25% energy displaced by 2025 32 quads Holding planning meetings and established workgroups** Roadmap of R&D and policy recommendations, (draft: Oct. 06) Adapted from BR&Di Biomass Research & Development Initiative
What is the role of wood? Remember our wall-to-wall and ~67.3 ft tall map of biomass our fire and restoration policies include biomass biofuels are the future bioproducts also save energy and we can make bioproducts! Forests and wood-for-energy are good for the environment and the economy American Made!
66 x 10 6 MT CO 2 O 2 Syngas Power Export $3.8 Billion or Liquid Fuels/Chemicals $5.5. Billion Black Liquor & Residuals Extract Hemicelluloses New Products Chemicals Polymers $3.3 Billion The Forest BL Gasifier Wood Residual Gasifier Combined Cycle System Process to Manufacture Liquid Fuels and Chemicals Steam, Power & Chemicals Manufacturing Pulp $5.5 Billion Biorefinery Net Revenue Assumptions: Acetic Acid - $1.73/gallon Purchased Electricity - $43.16/MWH Ethanol - $1.15/gallon Exported Electricity - $40.44/MWH Pulp - $100/ton net profit Renewable Fisher Tropsch Fuel - $57/bbl
Composites Material and the Biorefinery
Electricity Heat/Cooling Ethanol/Biodiesel Plants IEA Etc.
Wood Plastic Composites
Value-Added Products Engineered wood products Flooring Paneling Cabinets Furniture Millwork
Robert D. Perlack Lynn L. Wright Anthony F. Turhollow Robin L. Graham Oak Ridge National Laboratory Bryce J. Stokes USDA Forest Service Donald C. Erbach USDA Agricultural Research Service http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/pdfs/final_billionton_vision_report2.pdf
The Biomass Feedstock Resource Base About one-half of the land in the contiguous U.S. Copland pasture Idle cropland Active cropland Other forestland Timberland Other land uses Forestland resources -- 504 million acres of timberland, 91 million acres of other forestland Agricultural resources -- 342 million acres cropland, 39 million acres idle cropland, 68 million acres cropland pasture 67 39 168 Land use in the United States 342 504 1145 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Million acres Forest resources Logging residues and other removals Traditional logging activities Cultural operations and clearing of timberlands Forest thinnings (fuel treatments) Timberland Other forestland Industry processing residues Primary wood processing mill wastes Secondary wood processing mill wastes Urban wood wastes Fuelwood Pulping liquors (black liquor)
Forest Resource this is Analysis Courtesy of Billion-Ton Report
Forest Resource Analysis The sustainable forest resource potential for energy is nearly 370 million dry tons annually 80 60 40 20 0 15 32 8 9 16 22 8 16 49 46 52 35 11 11 28 8 Logging residue Other removal residue Fuel treatments (Timberland) Fuel treatments (Other forestland) Fuelwood Wood resdiues (forest products Pulping liquors (forest products Urban wood residue Million dry tons per year 13% 5% 13% 3% 14% 19% 20% 13% Existing use Unexploited Growth
Wood in Agricultural Analysis Short Rotation Woody Crops in High Yield/Land Change Scenario Not in forestry assessment in agriculture Wood Fiber 5.1 millions acres 8 dry tons per acre per year 25 percent of annual harvest is allocated to energy biomass Total is 9.2 million dry tons annually Total Wood in Agricultural Analysis 11.4 and part of the 146-368 million dry tons per year perennial crop scenarios Additional CRP Trees 2.2 million dry tons per year Potential as a Perennial Crop Part of 146 million dry tons per year under moderate yield/land change scenario Part of 368 million dry tons per year under high yield/ land change
Beyond the Billion-Ton Report: Does not constitute or imply the official New assessment Totals or policy of DOE or USDA Item Million Dry Tons per Year Original 368 Utilization and Recovery 71 Assumptions Recover Mortality 47 Thinnings 18 Total 504 Note: Half of current mortality and 3x southern thinning projections
Beyond the Billion-Ton Report: Does not constitute or imply the official assessment or policy of DOE or USDA 25x25 Analysis (English and others) 86.9 billion gallons of ethanol Billion gallons of biodiesel 962 billion kwh electricity Ag + wood wastes 106 million acres of dedicated crops Tentative Wood Analysis (2030) (million gallons of ethanol) Residues: 12-16 Biorefinery: 1.5-2.5 Liquors: 4-5 Crops: 8-13 Total: 26.5-36.5
Any Questions? Thank You!