Heat Pump Water Heaters: Eco-cute Living Lab Tests Presentation at the ACEEE Hot Water Forum June 9, 2009 Ammi Amarnath Technical Leader, Energy Efficiency 1
Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Founded by and for the electricity industry in 1973 as Independent, nonprofit center for public interest energy and environmental research Collaborative resource for the electricity sector $315M annual R&D funding, ~450 engineers and scientists 450+ participants in more than 40 countries EPRI members generate more than 90% of the electricity in the United States International participation in more than 15% of EPRI s research, development and demonstrations 2
EPRI s EE & DR Living Laboratory Recently Featured in TIME Evaluating and testing energy efficiency technology 3
Eco-cute Heat Pump Water Heaters Status in Japan Eco-cute: CO 2 refrigerant Launched in 2002, subsidized by Japanese government 18 major manufacturers Designed for residential applications, but can apply to commercial Cumulative 1.6 million units shipped through 2008 Targeted 5.2 million cumulative units shipped by end of 2010 Courtesy of Daikin Industries Ltd. Number of Units 4 600k 500k 400k 300k 200k 100k 0k Annual HPWH Shipments Within Japan 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year Data source: JRAIA (http://www.jraia.or.jp)
Eco-cute HPWH EPRI Project Objectives 1. Improve understanding of HPWH technology with specific emphasis on reliability, efficiency, and market acceptance 2. Demonstrate Daikin s Eco-cute HPWH technology within Living Laboratory 3. Lab testing prior to EPRI energy efficiency demonstration Water Storage Unit Outdoor Heat Pump Unit 5
General Description of Eco-cute HPWH High heating temperature between heat pump and tank, made possible by using CO 2 as the refrigerant Idea is to make and store hot water by using cheap nighttime (off-peak) electricity Courtesy of Daikin Industries Ltd. 6
Eco-cute Component Specifications, EPRI Lab Installation Water Storage Unit Heat Pump Unit Model TU37JFV Model RQW45JV Dimensions, H x W x D 73 x 25 x 29 in Dimensions, H x W x D 29 x 32 x 12 in Tank capacity 98 gal Refrigerant R744 (CO 2 ) Hot water supply 99 to 140 F Outlet water temperature Heat exchanger water circulation pump power 11 W Compressor motor output power 149 to 194 F 0.98 kw Control power 13 W Fan motor output 50 W power Other pumps power 8 W, 85 W / 110 W Operation noise 38 db Weight 154 lb, empty 970 lb, full tank Weight 139 lb Data courtesy of Daikin Industries Ltd. 7
Eco-cute System Specifications, EPRI Installation Eco-cute System Model name EQ37JFV Power source 200 Vac, 1-phase, 50/60 Hz Maximum current 17 A Circuit breaker rating 20 A Ambient operating range 14 to 109 F Annual heating efficiency factor (JRA4050 standard) 3.2 Eco-cute Manufacturer's Performance Tests (JRA4050 Standard) Ambient conditions Heat pump conditions System performance Season description Dry bulb Wet bulb Inlet water Outlet water Heating Current Power COP temp. temp. temp. temp. capacity ( F) ( F) ( F) ( F) (kw) (A) (kw) Intermediate 60.8 53.6 62.6 149.0 4.5 4.8 0.885 5.1 Summer 77.0 69.8 75.2 149.0 4.5 4.7 0.845 5.3 Winter, high temp outlet 44.6 42.8 48.2 194.0 4.5 7.7 1.500 3.0 Data courtesy of Daikin Industries Ltd. 8
Schematic of Eco-cute Test Setup at EPRI Living Lab Domestic Water (Closed loop circulation) Outdoors T Air Temp Indoors Water Circuit T Cold Inlet Outdoors Condensing Unit Supply T T Water Tank T Hot Outlet Bath Inlet Bath Outlet Outlet from Other Water Heaters T Return = Electric Meter (Total Eco-cute power) = Water Flow Meter = Water Temperature Sensor, Immersion Bath Water 9
Eco-cute HPWH Installation Photos Water Tank Water Circulation System and Outdoor Condensing Unit 10
Eco-cute HPWH Recovery Test Data, 37 F Outdoor Temp >170 F Water Temp at Heat Pump Exit 4.5h Recovery Time 0.3 gal/min Flow Rate 11
Eco-cute HPWH Recovery Test Data, 37 F Outdoor Heating Capacity & Coefficient of Performance (COP) Average Outdoor Temperature: 37 F 2.76 Average COP 12
EPRI Energy Efficiency Demonstration 2009-11 Field demonstrations of six categories of hyper-efficient technologies to fundamentally change energy usage in U.S. buildings and homes Variable Refrigerant Flow Air Conditioning Efficient Data Centers LED Street and Area Lighting Heat Pump Water Heaters 13 Ductless Residential Heat Pumps and Air Conditioners Hyper-Efficient Residential Appliances 13
EE Demo - Scale of Sites and Devices Commercial Residential Technology Variable Refrigerant Flow AC Number of Sites Devices per Site Total Devices Total Expressed Interest 5 1 5 5 LED* Area Lighting 9 12 108 10 Data Centers 4 1 4 6 Ductless Heat Pump 4 20 80 3 Heat Pump Water Heater 5 40 200 6 Hyper-Efficient Appliances 5 20 100 4 TOTAL 32 497 *LED = Light emitting diode 14 14
HPWH Contact Information Ammi Amarnath Technical Leader Energy Efficiency AAmarnath@epri.com (650) 855-1007 Chris Trueblood Project Engineer/Scientist Energy Efficiency ctrueblood@epri.com (865) 218-8118 15 15
Image from NASA Visible Earth 16 16