Green Jobs Concept Session 1 Concluding remarks (Aide Memoire) 08 December 2010, Bangkok 1
1 - Green Jobs are Decent Work Green Jobs are based on the two pillars of Decent Work and Environmentally Sustainability; Green Jobs = Decent Work that contributes to Environmental Sustainability (ES) Green Jobs are NOT dirty Jobs (in the green economy)
Ship-breaking Over 100,000 workers in Asia, almost all untrained and unprotected in an environmentally damaging and hazardous industry. Not Green Jobs!! For decent work & environment related reasons Recycling Millions of workers in Asia involved in hazardous waste recycling (e-waste, lead and other heavy metals, etc.) in the informal sector.
3 Decent Work Labor/social issues The core ILS (8) OHS standards others (ILC 2007 conclusions on sustainable enterprises ) Engine of Growth Environment
CORE INTERNATIONAL LABOR STANDARDS Freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining C87 Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize Convention,1948; C98 Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949; Elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labor C29 Forced Labour Convention 1930; C105 Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 Effective abolition of child labor C138 Minimum Age Convention, 1973, C182 Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation C100 Equal remuneration Convention, 1951, C111 Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958
Occupational health and safety standards & recommendations Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) and its Protocol of 2002 and Recommendation (No. 164); Chemical Convention, 1990 (No. 170) and Recommendation (No. 177); Prevention of Major Industrial Accident Convention, 1993 (No. 174) and Recommendation (No. 181); Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1985 (No. 161) and Recommendation (No. 171); Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 2006 (No. 187) and Recommendation (No. 197); ILO Guideline on Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems (ILO-OSH 2001)
2 Environmental scope CLIMATE CHANGE Greenhouse gases emissions reduction and capture Prevention of deforestation and forest degradation Adaptation to climate change and climate variability BIODIVERSITY DESERTIFICATION ECO-SYSTEMS, LAND USE MANAGEMENT POLLUTION CONTROL: air, water, waste, contaminated soils,etc.
3. Measuring environmental performance Environmental Legally binding Standards, Voluntary codes & guidelines Law enforcement agency/ Independent Certification body Economic activity -Organic farmer -Green road construction -Sustainable tourism - Manufacturing, etc
Standards applicable to the Green Economy, Green Jobs Organic Agriculture - SNI 01-6729-2002 (Indonesian National Standards) on Organic Food System by National Standardization Agency of Indonesia Green Building and Construction - SNI 03-6759-2002 (Indonesian National Standards) on Codes for Energy conservation designation of buildings; Green Star (Australia) Green Finance Principles for Responsible Investment (UN- PRI) Sustainable Fisheries Marine Stewardship Council Fishery Standards Sustainable Forestry Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Manufacturing and Industry (ISO) 14064 of Greenhouse Gas Accounting and Verification Tourism Green Globe 21 Standard
4 A multi-dimentional, dynamic, concept A Green Job in country A is not necessarily a Green Job in country B In country A, a green job today, will not be a green job tomorrow Use of the rule of law, voluntary mechanisms
5. The environment - economy linkages Mitigation - GHGs reduction and capture Biodiversity conservation, natural resource Mgt Desertification prevention Water A cross-walk from environmentally friendly activities to green jobs Pollution control Air emissions prevention Waste water Waste, soil decontamination energy supply, energy demand, prevention of emissions from biological sources, biological carbon sink services, etc; Ecosystem management, conservation, sustainable agriculture, sustainable forestry, sustainable natural resource management, etc. Adaptation to desertification, land use planning In-land water services, water harvesting, sustainable agriculture, water efficiency (building). Adaptation to climate variablity Climate related disaster management (preventive, reactive action related services) Adaptation to climate change Agricultural services, health related services, natural resource management services, etc Eco-system services environmental goods and service industry (OECD, 1999): air pollution control, waste management, waste water management, monitoring and auditing, etc; Environmental services, eco-tourism, etc; EDUCATION, TRAINING, RESEARCH, MONITORING & CONTROL, PLANNING, ADVOCACY AND ACTIVISM, FINANCIAL & INSURANCE SERVICES, etc,
MITIGATION Function of environmental Protection Reduction of greenhous e gases (GHGs) emissions Eco- Activities Existing or Emerging Green Jobs Occupation with ISOC Codes Renewable energy supply and smart grid system Solar power 1. Service managers 1.1 Emission manager 1.2 Emission trader specialist 1.3 Energy planner officer 1.4 Energy policy analyst 1.4 Regulation administration officer of energy and electric utilities 1.5 Rural development officer, specialist in renewable energy development 2. Scientists, Research & Development 2.1 Energy auditor 2.2 Sustainable energy use specialist 2.3 Environmental economist 2.4 Survey and mapping services specialist 2.5 Land-use planner specialist 2.6 Pollution prevention advisor 2.7 Solar energy resources assessor 2.8 Solar project monitor professional 2.9 Solar photovoltaic researcher & developer 3. Technology manufacturing and supply 3.1 Material manufacturer 3.2 Photovoltaic fabrication and testing technician 3.3 Photovoltaic/PV solar designer 3.4 Solar energy system technician 3.5 Solar fabrication technician 3.6 Solar lab technician 3.7 Solar panel component fabricator 3.8 Solar panel component supplier 3.9 Solar panel designer 3.10 Solar power plant constructor and maintenance engineer 4. Technicians, engineering and installation 4.1 Electrician foreman 4.2 Solar & PV installer/roofer 4.3 Solar electric installer 4.4 Solar energy engineer 4.5 Solar energy production technician 4.6 Solar energy system engineer 4.7 Solar operation engineer 4.8 Solar power electrician Administrative and commercial managers 1213 Policy and planning manager 1223 Research and development manager Production and specialised services managers 1321 Manufacturing manager 1323 Construction manager 1324 Supply, distribution and related managers Science and engineering professionals 2142 Civil engineer 2143 Environmental engineer 2151 Electrical engineer 2152 Electronics engineer Science and engineering associate professionals 3112 Civil engineer technician 3114 Electronics engineering technician 3119 Physical and engineering science technician 3122 Manufacturing supervisor 3123 Construction supervisor 3131 Power production plant operator Building and related trades workers 7111 House builder 7119 Building frame and related workers Electrical and electronic trades workers 7411 Building and related electrician 7412 Electrical mechanic and servicer Stationary plant and machine operators 8122 Metal finishing, plating and coating machine operators 8142 Plastic products machine operators 8189 Stationary plant and machine operators not elsewhere classified Assemblers 8211 Mechanical machinery assemblers 8212 Electrical and electronic equipment assembler 8219 Assemblers not elsewhere classified Labourers in mining, construction, manufacturing and transport 9333 Freight handler
6 - Green Jobs for a Green Economy in the context of SD and poverty eradication Green Economy : a UN Wide initiative (coordinated by UNEP) Opportunities exist for more Green Jobs, Poles of (green) growth (UNCTAD, ESCAP, UNEP,..), including for the poor
Green Jobs for a Green Economy Key sectors for green jobs creation under the Green Economy : Agriculture, Green Buildings, Cities, Energy, Finance, Fisheries, Forests, Manufacturing, Tourism, Transport, Waste, Water and, Enabling Activities Sector based, country specific need to properly identify them (research & proper piloting);
7 - Green Jobs contribute to promoting DW & ES ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE Yes No Type 2: Tackling decent work deficiencies Environmentally sustainable but not providing decent work Neither environmentally sustainable nor providing decent work Type 1: Upgrading environmental & decent work status Green jobs Decent work but not environmentally sustainable Type 3: Improving environmental sustainability Type 1: Bio-fuels, ships breaking Type 2: Waste management/ recycling Type 3: Energy/ resource efficiency in manufacturing & service sectors Type 4: Expand new green sectors No Yes DECENT WORK
6 - A Just Transition for workers, employers and enterprises ILO FRAMEWORK Workers rights (core ILS, ) Social dialogue (core ILS, ) Extended social protection (ex. social floor) Sustainable businesses (ex. ILC 2007) 16
EXAMPLE: Review of Voluntary Sustainability Initiatives (10) The SSI Review 2010 highlights: Environmental criteria : are the most prevalent and robust across these initiatives and, in some cases, have expanded to include a wide variety of considerations such as energy conservation, genetically modified organism prohibition and greenhouse gas emissions. Social criteria related to compliance with the International Labour Organization s core labour standards, worker health and safety and employment conditions. Economic criteria, although the least developed across the initiatives surveyed, increasingly focus on transparency and sound commercial relations.
Market Trends Forestry: sustainable forestry certification has grown by 181 per cent over the past five years, accounted for nearly 9 per cent of global forested land in 2009. Coffee: sales of certified sustainable coffee have more than quadrupled over the past five years. Total sustainable coffee represented more than 8 per cent of global coffee exports and 17 per cent of global production in 2009. Tea: sustainable tea production has grown by more than fifty times over the past five years and accounted for 7.7 per cent of global exports in 2009. Bananas: sustainable banana sales have grown by almost 63 per cent over the past two years,and accounted for 20 per cent of global exports in 2009. Cocoa: sustainable cocoa sales have grown by 248 per cent over the past five years, and accounted for 1.2 per cent of global sales in 2008.
Environmental Criteria Indexes
Social Criteria Indexes
Economic Criteria Indexes