Workshop on Sharing of Experience in Development of Hydro Power Projects 30 th - 31 st October 2006, India W.R. Asanka Perera Deputy General Manager Mahaweli Hydro Power Complex Ceylon Electricity Board Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Located in the Indian Ocean to the south of Indian sub-continent Latitude 5-10 N Longitude 79-82 E 65, 525 km 2 Tropical climate :
Economic and electricity related indicators for Sri Lanka 2004 2005 Mid year population (millions) 19.5 19.7 GDP per capita (USD/person) 1,030 1,197 GDP real growth rate (%) 5.4 6.0 Access to electricity (%) 73.4 74.9 Installed Capacity (MW) 2100 2300 Maximum Demand (MW) 1563 1746 Electrical Energy Generation (GWh) 8043 8770 System Energy Losses (%) 17.1 17.2 Per Capita Elec. Consumption (kwh/person) 348 369
Importance of hydro to Sri Lanka Only Source of indigenous energy in appropriate size Lowest cost generation
Road map for presentation Hydro potential and development up to now Changing role of hydro power in Sri Lankan power system Future development directions Problems experienced Government policy on hydro development
Hydro potential and development up to now
Potential and development Potential Available 2000 MW Developed 1207 MW Historical Development 1918 - First project proposal by local engineer D.J. Wimalsurendra 1926 - Construction of Laxapana started 1950 - Laxapana stage I (3 x 8.33 MW) commissioned
First hydro power plant in Sri Lanka Laxapana project started in 1940 s Completed in 1950
Sri Lankan river basin system and hydro power stations Four major river basins Kelani Mahaweli Kalu Walawe
Historical development Kelani river basin Exploited mainly 1950 to 1970 Laxapana complex 335 MW Mahaweli river basin Development 1979 to 1990 Mahaweli complex 660 MW Other hydro potential Walawe, Kalu river basins 1990 to 2003 Some other small rivers Other hydro complex 211 MW Mini/Micro hydro systems
Kelani river basin power stations (335 MW)
Mahaweli river basin power stations (660 MW)
Mahaweli river basin power stations Kotmale (3 X 67 MW)
Mahaweli river basin power stations Victoria (3 X 70 MW)
Mahaweli river basin power stations Randenigala (2 X 61 MW)
Mahaweli river basin power stations Ukuwela (2 X 20 MW)
Time sequence of the development of hydro power Capacity / (MW) Year commissioned Old Laxapana Stage I (3 x 8.33) 25 1950 Inginiyagala (2 x 2.475, 2 x 3.15) 11.25 1954 Old Laxapana Stage II (2 x 12.5) 25 1958 Wimalasurendra (2 x 25) 50 1965 Udawalawe (3 x 2) 6 1969 Smanala (2 x 37.5) 75 1969 New Laxapana (2 x 50) 100 1974 Ukuwela (2 x 20 ) 40 1976 Bowatenna (1 x 40) 40 1981 Canyon unit 1 (1 x 30) 30 1983
Time sequence of the development of hydro power.. Capacity / (MW) Year commissioned Victoira (3 x 70) 210 1984 Kotmale unit 1 (1 x 67) 67 1985 Randenigala (2 x 61) 122 1986 Kotmale Unit 2&3 (2 x 67) 134 1988 Nillambe (2 x 1.6) 3.2 1988 Canyon Unit 2 (1 X 30) 30 1989 Rantambe (2 x2 4.5) 49 1990 Samanalawewa (2 x 60) 120 1992 Kukula Ganga (2 x 35) 70 2003
Changing role of hydro power in Sri Lankan power system
Hydro component of system energy demand : Present, future energy demand (8769 GWh ) << capacity (4400 GWh) average wet year approx 1/2 energy demand very wet year (5661) cannot meet the energy demand ii
The changing role for Hydro Generation Past Supply total peak demand energy demand Present Future Peak demand supplier Economic regulator Frequency controller
Hydro and thermal installed capacity 1969-2005
Sri Lankan power system Total Capacity 2411 MW Hydro 1207 MW Thermal 548 MW Wind 3 MW IPP Thermal 567 MW IPP small Hydro 86 MW
Future development directions
Future Developments Hydro potential available 2000 MW More than 50 % already developed Remaining potential Gin Ganga 49 MW Broadlands 35 MW Uma Oya 150 MW Moragolla 27 MW
Another option Expansion of existing hydro power plants Especially for peaking duty Some candidates Victoria (stage II) 3 x 70 MW Smanalawewa stage II 2 x 60 MW New laxapana 72.5 MW Polpitiya 23.2 MW
Mini/Micro hydro development Master plan study (1988) 80 MW (200 sites) 8 MW from irrigation tanks Intermediate Technology Development group study (1999) Estimated another exploitable small hydro potential of 100 MW 250 sites
Mini/Micro hydro development First mini hydro plant in 1996 90 MW (48 sites) connected by April 2006 280 GWh supplied by mini hydro plants in 2005 (= to 3% of total electricity generated)
Mini/Micro hydro development
Problems experienced
Problems experienced Upper Kotmale project Delayed more than 10 years 20% energy reduction to exclude the tapping of some water falls Upper Kotmale and Kukula project Energy reduction due to not using the potential for reservoir type
Government policy on hydro development
Government policy on hydro development Development of hydro power generation to its full potential All large scale hydro power generation under Government control Mini hydro plants under private sector development Energy generated is purchased through power purchase agreement with Ceylon Electricity Board
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