CAP CONTEXT INDICATORS 2014-2020 44. ENERGY USE IN AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND THE FOOD INDUSTRY 2017 update
BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK CONTEXT INDICATOR 44: ENERGY USE IN AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FOOD INDUSTRY In 2015, the direct energy use in agriculture and forestry in the EU accounted for 2.7% of total final energy consumption. This indicator describes the total energy consumption of agriculture, forestry and the food industry. For agriculture, it is limited to the direct use of energy for crop and livestock production. Indirect energy used in agriculture for fertilisers, pesticides, animal feed and agricultural machinery, which are produced using large amounts of energy, is not included. In 2015, the direct energy use in agriculture and forestry in the EU-28 (excluding Germany for which no data was available) accounted for 23 441 kilotonnes of oil equivalent (ktoe) (Table 1), which amounts to 2.7% of total final energy consumption. Nearly 75% of this was used in the EU-15 countries (17 450 ktoe or 2.5% of their total energy consumption). While the absolute amount of energy used in countries of the EU-N13 is much lower (5 991 ktoe), agriculture and forestry here have a share of 3.5% in total energy consumption. Graph 1 shows France, the Netherlands and Poland as having the highest direct use of energy in agriculture and forestry, between 3 306 and 4 130 kilotonnes. The Netherlands and Poland show the highest share of direct use of energy in agriculture/forestry of the total final energy consumption, at 7.4% and 5.3% respectively. Estonia and Denmark also have a high share, both more than 4.5%. France has a share more close to the average of the EU-28, at 2.9%. Graph 1 Energy use in agriculture and forestry (ktoe) and share of total final consumption of energy, 2015 ktoe % 10 4,000 8 3,000 6 2,000 4 1,000 2 0 0 Agriculture and forestry Share of agriculture and forestry in total final energy consumption Note: No data on use of energy in agriculture and forestry is available for DE. 1
The Netherlands have a particularly high use of energy in agriculture/ forestry Looking at the direct use of energy in agriculture and forestry this time expressed in kg of oil equivalent per ha of UAA and forest area in 2014 (graph 2 and table 1), the Netherlands show a particularly high value (1 611 kgoe per ha), probably due to the extensive use of greenhouses for the production of vegetables. Others countries with high values are Malta and Belgium. No data is available for Germany. Graph 2 Direct use of energy in agriculture and forestry expressed in kg of oil equivalent per ha of UAA and forest area, 2015 Graph 3 Difference in kg of oil equivalent per ha of UAA and forest area between 2009 and 2015 Note: No data on use of energy in agriculture and forestry is available for DE. 2
Between 2009 and 2015 there has been a reduction in the number of kg of oil equivalent use per ha of UAA in the EU28 Between 2009 and 2015 (Table 1) there was an overall decline in the number of kg of oil equivalent use per ha of UAA and forest area in the EU-28, where it amounted to 2.5 kgoe/ha. In the EU-15, there was a 3.9 kgoe/ha reduction. However, in the EU-N13 there was an increase of 1.2 kgoe/ha. At national level, the biggest decrease was observed during the same period in Belgium and Greece (-71.8 and -55.6 kgoe/ha, respectively), whereas Malta increased its direct use of energy in agriculture by 320 kgoe/ha. Between 2014 and 2015, a decrease in energy consumption per ha is found (graph 3) in all the EU groups. In the EU-28 the decline amounted to 1.1 kgoe/ha, in the EU-15 to 0.8 kgoe/ha and in the EU-N13 to 1.9 kgoe/ha. At state level, the energy use in agriculture and forestry declined in Spain and Poland by 9.9 and 5.9 kgoe/ha, respectively. By contrast, the Netherlands saw the highest rise (81.5 kgoe/ha) followed by Belgium and Cyprus where the increase was much more moderate (approximately 7 kgoe/ha). In 2015 France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom had the highest direct use of energy in food production The direct use of energy in the food industry (Graph 4 and Table 2) in 2015 accounted for 29 179 kilotonnes for the EU-28, with the EU-15 taking a share of 84.2% of this value. The EU-28 Member States with the highest direct use of energy in food production were France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom, with values ranging from 2 708 to 5 069 ktoe. Furthermore, the Netherlands, Denmark and Ireland had the highest share of energy use in the food industry in the total energy consumption (around 4.2%). The EU-28 value is 2.7%, with almost no difference between the EU-15 and EU-N13. Graph 4 Energy use in food and tobacco industry (ktoe) and share of total final consumption of energy, 2015 3
Graph 5 Average annual change of direct use of energy in food industry, 2009-2015 Note: No data for MT in 2009. Between 2009 and 2015, we observe both positive and negative developments in the EU Member States with regard to energy use in the food industry. While the consumption was reduced in Latvia, Croatia, Portugal, Greece and several other countries, it was increasing by more than 2% annually in Luxembourg, Hungary, Cyprus, Belgium, Austria, Netherlands, Lithuania and France. 4
Table 1 Use of energy in agriculture and forestry Indicator C.44 - Energy use in agriculture, forestry and food industry Sub-indicator Direct use of energy in agriculture and forestry Direct use of energy in agriculture and forestry Measurement Total in kilotonnes (1000 tonnes) of oil equivalent, ktoe kg of oil equivalent per ha of UAA+forestry area % of total final energy consumption difference in kg of oil equivalent per ha of UAA+forestry area 2009-2015 Source Eurostat - Energy Statistics Eurostat - Energy Statistics Year 2015 2015 2009-2015 Unit ktoe kg / ha % kg / ha Country Belgium 721.8 358.3 2.0-55.6 Bulgaria 185.6 21.0 2.0-0.1 Czech Republic 606.8 98.5 2.5 15.6 Denmark 634.0 195.4 4.5-25.6 Germany n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Estonia 131.9 40.9 4.8 11.8 Ireland 220.7 42.6 2.0-8.7 Greece 257.9 28.7 1.6-71.8 Spain 2,261.8 53.5 2.8-3.4 France 4,130.0 89.6 2.9 7.6 Croatia 203.0 58.7 3.1-9.1 Italy 2,663.5 121.3 2.3-8.4 Cyprus 41.7 139.4 2.5 21.0 Latvia 153.7 29.3 4.1 4.0 Lithuania 97.9 18.9 2.0-2.4 Luxembourg 24.0 110.0 0.6-24.2 Hungary 575.5 77.6 3.3 20.8 Malta 5.1 423.6 0.9 320.6 Netherlands 3,578.2 1,610.5 7.4 69.4 Austria 549.5 83.4 2.0 13.9 Poland 3,305.6 138.7 5.3-5.2 Portugal 345.1 50.1 2.2 0.1 Romania 458.6 22.1 2.1 3.2 Slovenia 75.3 43.7 1.6 4.9 Slovakia 150.3 38.9 1.5 5.3 Finland 689.1 28.1 2.8-1.7 Sweden 350.0 11.3 1.1-10.6 United Kingdom 1,024.4 50.5 0.8 10.3 EU-28 23,441.0 75.2 excl. DE 2.7-2.5 excl. DE EU-15 17,450.0 78.7 excl. DE 2.5-3.9 excl. DE EU-N13 5,991.0 66.6 3.5 1.2 5
Table 2 Use of energy in the food industry Indicator C.44 - Energy use in agriculture, forestry and food industry Sub-indicator Direct use of energy in food production Direct use of energy in food production Measurement Total in kilotonnes (1000 tonnes) of oil equivalent, ktoe % of total final energy consumption Average annual change Source Eurostat - Energy Statistics Year 2015 2015 2009-2015 Unit ktoe % % Country Belgium 1,453.1 4.1 4.9 Bulgaria 248.6 2.6-0.9 Czech Republic 583.6 2.4 1.1 Denmark 587.0 4.2-1.2 Germany 4,886.2 2.3 0.6 Estonia 64.6 2.3 0.4 Ireland 468.6 4.2 1.9 Greece 523.0 3.2-2.8 Spain 2,286.0 2.8 1.1 France 5,068.7 3.5 2.2 Croatia 202.4 3.1-3.0 Italy 2,707.8 2.3-1.7 Cyprus 28.0 1.7 5.8 Latvia 76.5 2.0-3.3 Lithuania 185.6 3.8 2.4 Luxembourg 26.6 0.7 8.7 Hungary 589.4 3.4 6.7 Malta 5.3 0.9 n.a. Netherlands 2,072.3 4.3 2.5 Austria 647.1 2.4 2.8 Poland 1,856.8 3.0 1.0 Portugal 447.1 2.8-3.0 Romania 559.5 2.6 1.1 Slovenia 67.0 1.4-1.6 Slovakia 132.7 1.3-0.6 Finland 401.1 1.7-0.9 Sweden 359.7 1.1-1.6 United Kingdom 2,644.4 2.0 0.7 EU-28 29,178.5 2.7 0.9 EU-15 24,578.7 2.7 0.9 EU-N13 4,599.8 2.7 1.2 Context indicator Comments on methodology and data C.44 Energy use in agriculture, forestry and food industry No data on use of energy in agriculture and forestry is available for DE. 6