Introduction to Soil and Forage Analysis Laboratory and Wisconsin soil summary report Robert Florence Laboratory Director uwlab.soils.wisc.edu 1
Outline Introduction Analysis/ soils tour Soil summary data Questions 2
Introduction Located: Marshfield, WI Staff: Office Jodie Soils Krystina and Megan Forage and Manure Lisa and Tina Student help - UW Stevens Point and Marshfield High Lab Director Robert Florence Map from: Wisconsin DHS 3
Soils Routine: ph, lime requirement, P, K, and OM Optional: Sulfate Zinc Boron Manganese Pre-plant and pre-side dress nitrate Storage: soil bags, plastic bags, plastics containers, etc. Do not let samples for nitrate stay warm and wet 4
Forage Wet Chemistry NIR Dry matter Crude protein Fiber (ADF, ADF-CP, NDF-CP, NDF, NDFD) Fat P, Ca, K, and Mg (wet chemistry or by NIR) Prolamin-Protein Starch Ash Storage - Plastic bags (gallon sized if mixed ration) 5
Manure Routine (Total Solids, Total N, P, K, S) Ammonium-Nitrogen Estimated C:N ratio (from ash:tn) Storage Slurry/liquid - 3/4 filled quart plastic bottle Solids - Half filled gallon bag If not immediately delivered to the lab, freeze the sample. Send when samples will arrive on a work day to avoid thawing.
Plants Potato petiole nitrate Corn stalk nitrate Total nitrogen Mineral analysis (new to SFAL) P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, Mn, B, Cu, Fe, Al, and Na Storage: Paper bags let samples dry a bit before shipping 7
Transport Shipping Drop off: At the lab in Marshfield (we have an after hours drop location) U.S. Postal Service: Your box with a printed on-line label, any USPS location UPS: Drop off at any UPS location or location frequented by UPS Fed-Ex: Drop off at any Fed-Ex location or location frequented by Fed-Ex SpeeDee: Services rural areas with same day/next day pick up We do not endorse one over the other these are options available, and is not an all inclusive list. 8
What happens when the soil sample is at the lab? 9
Tour Logged in Ground and sieved Dried Boxed 10
Tour Scooped Shake Extract added Filter Bray 1 for P and K 11
Tour P and B - Spectrometer K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, Pb - AA ph and Buffer ph- Probe Organic matter DATCP check samples are ran with every batch of soil analyzed 12
Soil Summary DATCP Labs Ag Source A&L Great Lakes Dairyland Rock River UW - Soil and Plant Analysis Lab UW - Soil and Forage Analysis Lab Years 1995 to 2010 (all labs) 2010 to 2015 (UW labs only) Analysis Soil OM Soil ph Bray - P Bray - K 13
Percent 4 Organic Matter - Trend State wide 3.5 75 % 3 2.5 2 50 % 25 % 1.5 1 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 All DATCP labs 2,415,525 samples UW Lab s data only 45,617 samples 14
Organic Matter - Map Average by county 15
What is the best soil ph? a) 7.0 b) 6.5 to 7.5 c) Depends on your crop rotation 16
ph Soil ph - Trend State wide 7.0 75 % Alfalfa target ph 50 % 6.5 Corn target ph 6.0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 25 % All DATCP labs 2,415,525 samples UW Lab s data only 45,617 samples 17
Soil ph - Map Average by county 18
What is the proper sample depth for P and K? a) 1 b) 4-8 c) Depends on tillage No Till: 6 for ph, P, and K No till >5 years: 2 for ph and 6 for P and K Moldboard plow: Tillage depth Till-plant and ridge till: 6 on ridges and 4 in valley, with equal number of cores from both. Chisel: ¾ of the tillage depth 19
ppm 80 Bray P - Trend State wide 70 60 50 75 % 40 30 20 50 % 25 % 10 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 All DATCP labs 2,415,525 samples UW Lab s data only 45,617 samples 20
ppm 80 Bray P - Trend Optimum soil P levels Grain corn and soybean 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Sandy/organic Loamy 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 All DATCP labs 2,415,525 samples UW Lab s data only 45,617 samples 21
ppm 80 Bray P - Trend Optimum soil P levels Corn silage and alfalfa 70 60 50 40 30 20 Sandy/organic Loamy 10 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 All DATCP labs 2,415,525 samples UW Lab s data only 45,617 samples 22
Lbs. P 2 O 5 per acre 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 What should the state trend be? Loamy Soil -------- Build ------- (Crop Removal + soil build up) 150 bu/acre yielding corn Maintain (crop removal) ------- Draw down ----> (Less than crop removal) 0-10 Very Low 10-15 Low 16-20 Optimum 21-30 High 30+ Very High Soil Test P (ppm) In this system the long term equilibrium would be in the 15 to 20 ppm P range WI has various crop demand levels and optimum levels for soil texture/organic soils 23
Bray P - Map Average by county 24
Of these, which of these is the best sampling? a b c 5 acres 5 acres 5 acres 25
ppm 200 Bray K - Trend State wide 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 75 % 50 % 25 % 40 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 All DATCP labs 2,415,525 samples UW Lab s data only 45,617 samples 26
ppm 200 Bray K - Trend Optimum soil K levels Grain corn and soybean 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Loamy Sandy/organic All DATCP labs 2,415,525 samples UW Lab s data only 45,617 samples 27
ppm 200 Bray K - Trend Optimum soil K levels Corn silage and alfalfa 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Loamy Sandy/organic All DATCP labs 2,415,525 samples UW Lab s data only 45,617 samples 28
Bray K - Map Average by county 29
Contact Robert Florence Laboratory Director rflorence@wisc.edu 715-387-2523 x 13 Soil and Forage Analysis Laboratory 2611 Yellowstone Rd. Marshfield, WI 54449 30