How Regional Cooperation Helps to Enhance Energy Security in ESCWA Region Inter-Regional-Forum 20-21 November 2012 EGM Sustainable Energy Development in Asia and the Pacific 21-23 November Bangkok, Thailand By Dr. Walid Al-Deghaili Chief Energy Section/SDPD-ESCWA
Contents 1- Introduction 2- Characteristics of Energy Sector in ESCWA MCs 3- The status of Cooperation to enhance Energy Security in the Region 4- Conclusion / Looking forward
ESCWA MCs Members: Bahrain Oman Egypt Qatar Iraq Saudi Arabia Jordan Sudan Kuwait Syrian Arab Republic Lebanon Tunisia Libya United Arab Emirates Morocco Yemen Palestine Map no. 3978 Rev.12 UNITED NATIONS August 2012 Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. 3
1- Introduction Pollution Emission & Climate Change ENERGY - Source of - Conversion & use & - Availabilityof Tech- Financing - Efficiency nolo- gies tional Mecha- Institunism - Access to - Cost - Storage of Legislative - Feasibility - Security of Supply of Framework For Social & Economic Development How Regional Cooperation helps to Enhance Energy Security in ESCWA Region? 21-Nov-12 4
2- Characteristics of Energy Sector in ESCWA MCs Sources of Energy Supply World Nuclear 6% Hydro 2% RE (other than hydro) Electricity 11% 0% Coal and Peat 27% ESCWA Hydro, 0.4 % Nuclear, 0.0% Electricity, 0.2% RE,2.9 % Coal and Peat, 0.7% Natural Gas 21% Oil 33% Natural Gas, 42.6% Oil 52.9% 5 Source: iea, Energy Balances, http://www.iea.org/stats/balancetable.asp?country_code=29
2- Characteristics of Energy Sector in ESCWA MCs (Cont d) Proven Reserves from Total World (%) 2006 2010 Gas 2006 2010 Oil Total Arab Countries 30 28.5 59 57.8 Total ESCWA MCs 24.47 26.15 57.94 56.81 - Oil & Gas Exports Represent more than 65 % (to 90%) from total exports for GCC Countries & Yemen, Iraq & Sudan. - Electricity Tariffs and Oil & Gas Products are subsidized. - Importance to put efforts for economic stability and energy security. - Main primary Energy Consumer: Electricity Sector (96% from Oil & Gas evenly distributed) # 40%. - Emissions: 40% from Electricity Sector. 6
2- Characteristics of Energy Sector in ESCWA MCs (Cont d) Total Electricity Generation 2011-2020 500 400 300 200 Total Energy Generated 2011 (thousand Gegawatt hour) Total Energy Generated 2020 (thousand Gegawatt hour) 100 0 7
2- Characteristics of Energy Sector in ESCWA MCs (Cont d) Most of the Arab water sources were exhausted after the completion of MARWE Dam project in Sudan in 2010 (1250 MW). Possibility of additional small hydro plants (In Lebanon160 MW / with 600 GWh/year, ) The possibility of establishing Large Hydro plants outside the Arab countries in the Nile Basin countries: - Electricity interconnection project in the countries of Eastern Nile Basin (Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia) where Egypt will benefit of 2000 MW and the Sudan 1200 MW. - Inga Dam Project: around 100 GW. Solar Energy: High Potential/High cost of investment, of storage Wind Energy:High potential in some areas/but negative energy Biofuel: only from Waste/ scarcity and food security problems!! 8
2- Characteristics of Energy Sector in ESCWA MCs (Cont d) Impacts of Climate Change on Energy sector 1. Increased need for Air Conditioning 4. Sea Level Rise (SLR) : Cooling Systems ; Oil& gas extraction Platforms 2. Decreased Capacity & Efficiency of Electricity Generation Equipment 5. Increase Need for Energy to produce water Global Warming 3.Increase need for cooling & decreased current in cables 9
2- Characteristics of Energy Sector in ESCWA MCs (Cont d) Impacts of Climate Change on Energy sector Energy for water Already Water Stressed region m3/capita/year 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Renewable water availability per capita CC aggravate water shortages and therefore ; Pressure on Water Resources 1.Desalination 2. Water Treatment Energy Needs Increase 10
2- Characteristics of Energy Sector in ESCWA MCs (Cont d) Impacts of Climate Change on Energy sector Where do we go???? Climate Change More CO2 Emissions More Energy Consumption (fossil Fuel?) Energy Consumption CO2 Climate Needs (fossil fuel) Emissions Change for AC Refrigeration Desalination + Less Efficiency 11
2- Characteristics of Energy Sector in ESCWA MCs (Cont d) Electricity Sector - Import by ESCWA Region from Europe (Spain of Turkey) and Iran: around 2400 GWh - Deficit in generation in Iraq, Lebanon, Jordan - Previsions 2011 2020 115% increase in Electrical Energy 91% increase Peak Electricity Demand - Investment for the period until 2020 45 GW for Electricity Generation from RE around 150 billions US$ 155 GW Conventional Electricity Generation (new power plants) with grid expansion. around 300 billions US$ Replacement of 33% of the existing power plants (55 GW) around 50 billions US$ 500 billions US$ More than 50 billions US$/year Sources of Financing - Governments - International & Regional Funds - Private Sector -. - CDM 12
2- Characteristics of Energy Sector in ESCWA MCs (Cont d) Specific Energy Problems in ESCWA Countries Energy Accessibility about 36 million people (mainly in Sudan and Yemen) in the ESCWA countries (12 %), mostly in rural areas, have no access to appropriate energy services especially electricity; a further of 45 million (mainly in Irak,Lebanon )(15 percent) are severely undersupplied. Poverty is a serious problem in several Arab countries and there is an urgent need for increasing energy accessibility to the poor to mitigate energy and human poverty. The Subsidized electricity tariffs and oil-gas prices is the main constraint witch is facing the deployment of EE and RE applications. The impacts of Climate change in Energy Sector There are needs for: - Awareness raising - Capacity Building - Institutional Framework - Investment for Electricity Sector/gas and oil sectors - Technology transfer - Promoting Private/ Public Partnership 13
3- The Status of Cooperation to enhance Energy Security in the Region Adopted Policies: A- The Council of Arab Ministers Responsible for Environment issues CAMRE The Arab Regional Strategy for Sustainable Consumption and Production (2010): 6 priority areas for implementation, including "Energy for Sustainable Development" in terms of: -Deployment of renewable energy technologies -Increase the share of renewable energy in the fuel mix, particularly in rural and remote areas. B- Arab strategy for pacific use of Nuclear Energy: adopted by the Arab Summit in Doha, Qatar (2009): Electricity Generation & Water desalination/ Steps: Capacity Building, Training, Institutional Framework etc C - Arab Ministerial Council on Electricity / Committee of Experts on renewable energy and energy efficiency: Arab Guiding Framework for improving EE in the electricity sector at the end users level (LAS 2010). Arab Strategy for RE applications 2010 2020 (LAS 2010): which will be included in the agenda of the third Arab Summit for Economic and Social Development / 2013 KSA 14
3- The Status of Cooperation to enhance Energy Security in the Region (Cont d) * The Arab Strategy for Developing the Use of Renewable Energy (2010-2030)* Country Target Year Jordan 2020 10% of Primary Energy Declared Targets UAE 2030 7% of Electrical Energy (Abu Dhabi) Tunis 2014 4% of Primary Energy Algeria 2030 10% of Electrical Energy Sudan 2011 1% of Electrical Energy (not included 29% Hydro by 2007) Syria 2030 4.3% of Primary Energy Kuwait 2020 5% of Electrical Energy Lebanon 2020 12% of Electrical Energy Libya 2020 2030 10% of Electrical Energy 25% of Electrical Energy Egypt 2020 20% of Electrical Energy (12% wind) Morocco 2020 42% of Electrical Energy (21% of primary Energy) 21-Nov-12 15 Adopted by the Executive Office of the Arab Ministerial Council for Electricity in 23/11/2010
3-3- The Status of Cooperation to enhance Energy Security in the Region (Cont d) - Developing Policies & Legislation enhancing the use of RE. - Industrial Capacity Development for RE components (Public Private Partnership Capacity Building Technology transfer and adaptation of Technology to local conditions) - Optimal use of RE (saving environment -Climate Change mitigation natural resources optimal use) C - Gas Networks: - Dolphin Project (Qatar, UAE, Oman) - Arab Gas Network (Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon.) 16
3- The Status of Cooperation to enhance Energy Security in the Region (Cont d) 17
3- The Status of Cooperation to enhance Energy Security in the Region (Cont d) Turkey Syria Lebanon Jordan Egypt Arab Gas Network 18
3- The Status of Cooperation to enhance Energy Security in the Region (Cont d) D - Electrical Interconnections: but very limited, only to help! E- Integrated Arab Electricity Market: WB/LAS Study F - Export Gas or Export Electricity? (AFESD study/las) 19
3- The Status of Cooperation to enhance Energy Security in the Region (Cont d) Import from outside of ESCWA Region: Morocco 5131 GWh/2011, Iraq 7262 GWh/2011 20
3- The Status of Cooperation to enhance Energy Security in the Region (Cont d) 21
3- The Status of Cooperation to enhance Energy Security in the Region (Cont d) G - Regional and bilateral cooperation - (A) The New and Renewable Energy Authority (NREA) in Egypt carried out a feasibility study for the establishment of two wind farms, in the regions of the Younbu and Zoulm in KSA. NREA also reviewed the terms of reference for the preparation of Wind Atlas for Sudan. - (B) UN ESCWA & UN ECA NA are active in capacity building, studies organized several training courses during the past years, (EE,RE: Climate Change Mitigation, Poverty Alleviation, PPP), / Collaboration and support to LAS. - (C) United Nations Programmes (UNEP-UNDP ) - (D) European Union: Programmes & Projects, Energy Charter Secretariat Plan Bleu, Mediterranean Solar Plan- DESERTEC etc 22
3- The Status of Cooperation to enhance Energy Security in the Region (Cont d) Structure of the Partnership with LAS Arab Summit LAS, Economic and Social Council Members of Specialized LAS Councils Specialized agencies in Member countries Technical Secretariat of other LAS specialized councils Specialized Arab regional organizations Collaborating UN-Organizations Regional Financial Institutions NGO s and regional associations Council of Arab Ministers Responsible for the Electricity (CAMRE/Electricity) Executive Board of Council of Arab Ministers responsible for the Electricity Substantive support and coordination Council of Arab Ministers Responsible for the Environment (CAMRE/Environment) Joint Committee of Environment and Development in the Arab Region (JCEDAR) LAS ESCWA UNEP/ROWA Joint Secretariat
4- Conclusion / Looking Forward ESCWA within its objective to achieve integrated sustainable management in the ESCWA region (including access to energy, energy security), will put a focus on: Enhanced capacity of member countries to improve the role of the energy sector in achieving sustainable development, and energy security throw: - Electrical Interconnections - Natural Gas Network - Oil pipeline from country producers (Gulf) to Mediterranean coast, and refineries. - Knowledge transfer, learned lessons from Pilot projects and experiences. Strengthened South-South cooperation and South-North cooperation in the field through its existing regional cooperation mechanisms. 24
4- Conclusion / Looking Forward (Cont d) Provide technical support to ESCWA countries in: - Awareness raising and capacity building. - Conducting and improving their needs assessments for RE & EE technologies. - Enhancing Knowledge & Technology Transfer. Support member Countries in the formulation of policies to increase investment and financial flows. Enhance cooperation and coordination with concerned UN agencies, LAS Institutions and other organizations (ISESCO EU ) involved in the ESCWA region in achieving the above. 25