DESCRIPTION OF A SYSTEM THAT TRANSFORM S ORGANIC MATER IALS INTO SYNTETIC FUEL S 1
INDEX 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE SISTEM.. 4 3 USABLE MATERIALS..6 2 4 CARACTERISTICS OF THE MATERIAL..7 5 CARACTERISTICS OF THE PRODUCT OF THE SISTEM..8 6 DIMENSIONS OF THE SISTEM.... 11 7 PROPOSAL TO THE CLIENT.....11 8 FOTOGRAPHS DRAWS OF THE SISTEM.. 12
2 DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM The SN100 system consists of three units: - Loading and mixing - Reaction - Distillation and recovery of the output products 3 Loading and Mixing The loading platform consists of a dosing system of the organic material to be processed, the oil vector, catalyst and neutralizer, which are put together in a tank with agitator, thus preparing the feed mixture. Reaction The unit of reaction, where the catalytic molecular rearrangement occurs, is composed of a tank, maintained at 350 C, and especially-designed centrifugal reactors. Reagents, catalyst, vector fluid and neutralizer are sent to the tank which is located above the centrifugal reactors, beginning the first phase of the chemical reaction. In the tank a "transformation" of such material occurs, which is then sent to the reactors. Within these reactors the second process happens, Catalytic Molecular Restructuring through the action of the catalyst. The vortex movement ensures continuous contact between the catalyst and the material to be processed, while, due to mechanical agitation, the system temperature remains constant at 350 C. In short, the reactor has the dual effect of ensuring better contact between the various components of the reaction and providing heat to the system in an extremely pervasive and punctual way.
Distillation and recovery of the the output products The centrifugal reactors keep the reaction mixture continuously circulating in the lung tank, forming the "reaction cycle" in which a series of hydrocarbons, methane and heavier compounds, is produced. 4 A 350 C, most of the hydrocarbons are in a in gas / vapor phase, which remains in the "reaction cycle" till reaching the expansion tank where, due to the cyclone effect, the gas / vapor current separates from the liquid / solid one and rises to the distillation column, where it is fractionated into liquid hydrocarbons, synthesis gas and water. At the top of the column, non-condensable gases, water and light hydrocarbons, like gasoline and kerosene, are extracted. Non-condensable gases are rich in volatile hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, propane, butane and pentane), CO and CO2, forming the synthesis gas, which has a calorific value of about 18.000 kj / kg. The water and light hydrocarbons are condensed and separated by gravity, in order to recover gasoline and kerosene, which are then mixed with the liquid synthetic fuel obtained.
Through extraction from the side of the distillation column, liquid synthetic fuel is recovered, similar in composition to diesel fuel, with a calorific value of about 43.000 kj / kg. The heavier hydrocarbons condense in the column and are sent to the lung tank above the centrifugal reactors and then sent back to the "reaction cycle". To maintain the efficiency of the cycle, the material that didn t react during the "reaction cycle" must be removed. Therefore, a mixture of reaction liquid, unreacted organic material, exhaust catalyst and inorganic salts is withdrawn. This mixture is then treated to recover all the reaction liquid, which is resent to the buffer tank above the centrifugal reactors, also separating the residual carbon. This residual carbon powder is composed of inert material (catalyst, inorganic salts, etc.) and for approximately 30/40% of carbon, with a calorific value of 3 kj / kg. The three products: - Synthesis gas (Syngas) - Synthetic liquid fuel (CLS) - Residual carbon (RC) can be used to produce electricity, through any existing system. 5 Two of the components, CLS and C, can be transported and stored for subsequent use. Both the CLS and the Syngas do not contain pollutants and can be used to generate clean electricity. To use the RC, the content of pollutants in the material subject to transformation should be taken into account.
3 USABLE MATERIALS The technology can process organic substances containing carbon and hydrogen, composing them into the linear hydrocarbon liquids and gases that we call "synthetic fuels. Among the materials (first laboratory tested) processed in the pilot plant of Brescia, whose capacity is 40 kg / h, and in later years in the industrial plant of Pavia, whose capacity is 1250 kg / h, we have: 6 MATERIALS SYNTHETIC FUEL YEALD SYNGAS YEALD Sawdust 34% 26% Chicken Dung 30% 28% Pig Dung 20% 27% Biomass 35 % 30 % Among the materials (first tested in the laboratory) processed in the pilot plant: CDR 28% 31% Fuel Derived from Solid Urban Waste Plastic Materials 45 % 30 % Car-fluff 40 % 30 % Sludge (both industrial and biologic) 30 % 30
4 CHARACTERISTICS OF PROCESSABLE MATERIALS In order to be treatable by the system, materials must have the following characteristics: - Humidity below 10% - Lack of inert materials (metals, stone, sand, glass) - Fine particle size (2 to 3 mm) 7 5 ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OUTPUT PRODUCTS The data below refer to fuel production from poultry biomass in the industrial plant. The data show the following elemental analysis of the input material: Carbon 40% Hydrogen 5% Oxygenic 35% et calorific value : Average n 18.381 KJ/Kg
OUTPUT PRODUCTS Synthetic fuel The main product of the technology is a liquid synthetic fuel having an average density of 0.840 kg / l and a calorific value of more than 43,000 kj / kg, with characteristics similar to automotive fuels, whose composition can be varied by adjusting the distillation column. 8 The synthetic fuel can be used directly for electricity production using diesel engines. The average yield is about 4 kjh per liter of synthetic fuel produced. Elemental analysis shows an average content of approximately 86% carbon, 13% hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen both less than 0.2%. Synthesis gas During the catalytic molecular-restructuring process we have the formation of short chain hydrocarbons (C1 to C5) as well as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, which represent the distillation s non-condensable fraction. These gases can be used for power generation or combustion heat recovery; in the case of avian biomass used in the industrial system, the gas has a calorific value of 18,000 kj / kg.
Solid Residue The solid residuum consists of carbon powder (40%), neutralizer, catalyst and inorganic salts. Its energy value, between 9000 kj / kg and 11,000 kj / kg, can also be used. NON-RECOVERABLE RESIDUE Water During the molecular restructuring we have the production of water, which is contaminated by hydrocarbons and must therefore be purified using standard treatment systems. Alternatively, it can be used as an emulsion to produce white diesel fuel. 9 In summary, the Technology has the capability of recovering the energy existing in all organic matter (biomass, paper, leaves, cane bagasse, sawdust, agricultural and industrial waste, solid urban waste) using a revolutionary new system: 1. The system operates continuously (8,000 hours per year) 2. The system uses no combustion 3. It produces no air pollutants 10 4. It acts at a low temperature (350 C), so that pollutants such as sulfur and chlorine do not produce dioxins 5. It is safe and easy to control even from remote locations 6. The technology produces a liquid and a gaseous product that are used for the production of electricity and can be defined as: - BIOSYNGAS (synthetic biogas) - BIOFUELS (synthetic biodiesel) 7. The liquid biofuel and can be stored, so it can be used when needed and also to produce electricity.
8. The liquid biofuel can be used in transportation 9. It is a technology that aggregates value to organic substances 10. It has no social impact because it does not produce fumes and odors and can be installed near towns 11. Its production volume is not high (whereas incinerators must be of high production and need a large amount of input materials) therefore it can be installed near areas of waste without the need of transporting materials to specialized areas. 6 DIMENTION OF THE SYSTEM The standard system processes about 20,000 tonnes of dry matter per year (8000 hours/year) and is mounted in an industrial building of 2500 m2, of which 1500 m2 for storage and drying system, and 2500 m2 outdoor, equipped for the evaporation tower, positioning of the storage tanks and transit. 11 7 PROPOSAL TO THE CLIENT We structure a relation of partnership and collaboration with the client since the first meeting, which leads to: Analysis of representative samples of the materials to be processed, that will be made in the laboratories of the University of Pavia.
Evaluation of results with the client and possibility of making a paid industrial test, depending on the client s actual engagement in the project. The specific conditions will be defined case by case, depending on customer requirements. 8 SOME FOTOGRAPHS AND DRAWINGS OF THE SYSTEM. PERSPECTIVE A 12
13 PERSPECTIVE B EVAPORATION TOWER PERSPECTIVE C INSIDE THE PLANT
14 DETAILS: TANK FOR OIL STORAGE DETAILS OF TANK
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