CB603: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

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INSTRUCTION: This section consists of SIX (6) essay questions. Answer FOUR (4) questions only. ARAHAN : Bahagian ini mengandungi ENAM (6) soalan esei. Jawab EMPAT (4) soalan sahaja. QUESTION 1 SOALAN 1 a) List THREE (3) disadvantages of using solar energy. Senaraikan TIGA(3) kekurangan menggunakan tenaga suria. [3 marks] [3 markah] b) State THREE (3) advantages of using nuclear to produce electricity. Nyatakan TIGA (3) kelebihan menggunakan nuklear untuk menghasilkan elektrik. [6 marks] [6 markah] c) Describe the source of energy from the Fossil fuel as a non-renewable energy. Jelaskan sumber tenaga dari bahan api fosil sebagai tenaga yang tidak boleh diperbaharui i. coal arang batu ii. petroleum petroleum d) Identify FOUR (4) negative impacts of excessive energy usage. Kenalpasti EMPAT (4) kesan negatif penggunaan tenaga secara berlebihan. 2 SULIT

QUESTION 2 SOALAN 2 a) Headache, lack of concentration and problems in respiratory system are some of the Sick Building Syndrome symptoms. Sakit kepala, kurang penumpuan dan masalah dalam sistem pernafasan merupakan beberapa gejala Sindrom Bangunan Sakit. CLO2 CLO2 i. Define Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) Berikan difinisi Sindrom Bangunan Sakit (SBS) ii. State THREE (3) causes of SBS Nyatakan TIGA (3) punca SBS [1 mark] [1 markah] [3 marks] [3 markah] CLO2 b) Providing fresh air into a building is part of ventilation process. Describe THREE (3) factors that influence the quality of ventilation. Menyediakan udara segar ke dalam sebuah bangunan adalah sebahagian daripada proses pengudaraan. Huraikan TIGA (3) faktor yang mempengaruhi kualiti pengudaraan [9 marks] [9 markah] CLO2 C4 c) Air movement in a building will determine the quality of the ventilation system. Explain TWO (2) factors that influence wind/air movement in building using any suitable diagram. Pergerakan udara di dalam sebuah bangunan menentukan kualiti sistem pengudaraan. Terangkan DUA (2) faktor yang mempengaruhi angin / pergerakan udara dalam bangunan menggunakan gambarajah yang bersesuaian. [12 marks] [12 markah] 3 SULIT

QUESTION 3 SOALAN 3 a) The main source of heat comes from the sun. In a building, the source of heat comes from two sources. Sumber utama haba dan cahaya adalah dari matahari. Dalam bangunan, sumber haba datang dari dua sumber. i. Name the TWO (2) sources of heat in the building. Namakan DUA (2) sumber haba dalam bangunan. [2 marks] [2 markah] ii. Explain the sources of heat in the building stated in Question 3 (a) i. Jelaskan sumber tenaga yang dinyatakan di Soalan 3 (a) i. b) Porous insulation materials will trap the heat that comes from outside and prevent heat from increasing the temperature in the building. With the aid of a diagram, describe the process of heat transfer through cavity insulated wall. Bahan penebat yang poros akan memerangkap haba yang datang dari luar dan menghalang haba dari meningkatkan suhu di dalam bangunan. Dengan bantuan gambarajah, terangkan proses perpindahan haba melalui dinding rongga berpenebat. [6 marks] [6 markah] c) Describe THREE (3) methods of preventing heat from penetrating into the building. Terangkan TIGA (3) kaedah menghalang haba dari memasuki bangunan. [9 marks] [9 markah] 4 SULIT

QUESTION 4 SOALAN 4 a) Calculate the specific heat capacity of concrete if 3620 J of heat causes the temperature of 250 grams sample change from 10.15 C to 26.50 C. Kira kapasiti specific heat bagi konkrit jika 3620 J haba menyebabkan suhu bagi sampel 250g berubah dari 10.15 C kepada 26.50 C. [6 marks] [6 markah] b) Calculate the total thermal conductivity of the wall below.given U value is 3.0 W/m 2 C. Kirakan total thermal conductivity bagi dinding dibawah. Diberi nilai U ialah 3.0W/m 2 C. [7 marks] [7 markah] 5 SULIT

c) Calculate the U-value of a cavity wall with a 105mm thick brick outer leaf, a 50mm unventilated cavity, then a 100mm aerated concrete block inner leaf with a 15mm layer of lightweight plaster. Thermal conductivities in W/m C are: brickwork 0.84, aerated concrete block 0.19, and lightweight plaster 0.16. Standard thermal resistances in m² C/W are: internal surface 0.123, external surface 0.055, cavity 0.18. Kira nilai-u dinding rongga dengan tebal bata luar 105mm, rongga yang tidak mendapat udara 50mm. 100mm blok konkrit dalaman dengan lapisan 15mm plaster ringan. Keberaliran haba dalam W / m C adalah: binaan bata 0.84, blok konkrit berudara 0.19, dan plaster ringan 0.16. Rintangan standard terma dalam m² C / W adalah: permukaan dalaman 0,123, permukaan luar 0.055 dan rongga 0.18. C4 d) A brick wall has a total area of 8m² which consist of 2m² areas of windows. The U- values are 0.95 W/m² C for the brickwork and 2.8 W/m² C for the windows. Calculate the average U-value for the wall. Satu dinding bata mempunyai keluasan 8m ² yang mengandungi 2m ² keluasan tingkap. Nilai-U adalah 0.95 W / m² C untuk binaan bata dan 2.8 W / m² C untuk tingkap. Kirakan nilai-u purata bagi dinding. [4 marks] [4 markah] 6 SULIT

QUESTION 5 SOALAN 5 a) Define noise. Takrifkan kebisingan. [2 marks] [2 markah] b) Explain FOUR (4) effects of noise to human. Jelaskan EMPAT (4) kesan kebisingan kepada manusia. c) A sound wave will distribute when it hits any surface through reflection, absorption and transmission. Explain all the THREE (3) processes of sound distribution above. Gelombang bunyi akan diagihkan apabila mengenai sesuatu permukaan melalui pantulan, penyerapan dan penghantaran. Jelaskan kesemua TIGA (3) proses pengagihan bunyi tersebut. [9 marks] [9 markah] d) Describe any THREE (3) methods to reduce noise by using noise reduction materials. Huraikan mana-mana TIGA (3) kaedah untuk mengurangkan kebisingan dengan menggunakan bahan pengurangan kebisingan. [6 marks] [6 markah] 7 SULIT

QUESTION 6 SOALAN 6 a) A hall is going to be used as a venue for a debate competition. The volume of the hall is 1500 m³.the hall has the reverberation time of 2.5 seconds. If 300 students with absorption coefficient of 0.46 m²sabine each enter the hall, the reverberation time of the hall reduces to 1.5 seconds. Calculate absorption surface needed to absorb some of the echoes in the hall. Sebuah dewan akan digunakan sebagai tempat untuk pertandingan debat. Isipadu dewan tersebut adalah 1500 m³. Masa gemaan dewan tersebut adalah 2.5 saat. Sekiranya 300 pelajar dengan kebolehan menyerap sebanyak 2.5 m²sabine setiap seorang memasuki dewan tersebut, masa gemaan dewan berkurangan sebanyak 1.5 saat. Kirakan peyerapan permukaan yang diperlukan untuk menyerap sebahagian gemaan di dalam dewan tersebut. [7 marks] [7 markah] b) A factory has 2 machines that produce loud noise. Both machines have the measured sound pressure level of 95 db and 85 db. The factory s owner is planning to buy one more machine. The new machine has a sound pressure of 3.16 X 10-3 Pa. Sebuah kilang mempunyai 2 mesin yang menghasilkan bunyi bising. Kedua-dua mesin mempunyai ukuran aras tekanan bunyi sebanyak 95 db dan 85 db. Tuan punya kilang tersebut merancang untuk membeli sebuah mesin lagi. Mesin yang baru ini mempunyai tekanan bunyi sebanyak 3.16 X 10-3 Pa. i. Calculate the sound pressure level of the new machine. Cari aras tekanan bunyi bagi mesin baru tersebut. [5 marks] [5 markah] C4 ii. If all the machines work simultaneously, calculate the total sound pressure level in the factory. Sekiranya semua mesin tesebut beroperasi serentak, kirakan jumlah aras tekanan bunyi di kilang tersebut. [13 marks] [13 markah] 8 SULIT

... SOALAN TAMAT 9 SULIT