Installation Manual. Basic installation guidelines for Rockwood s Classic, Classic Colonial, and Legend retaining wall systems.

Installation Manual Basic installation guidelines for Rockwood s Classic, Classic Colonial, and Legend retaining wall systems.

What is a better way? It s about quality, innovative thinking, and meticulous attention to detail. It s about being better than you have to be and better than expected. It s about appearance, dependability, and efficiency. Appearance Every project is different. That s why we offer a wide selection of options for any landscape development. From multiple fascia styles, variable setbacks, unit interchangeability, and the sharpest radius turns, Rockwood products are designed to give you endless design flexibility. Our versatile product range also makes it easy to match any existing style or wall type. Whether you re adding on or starting fresh, Rockwood has an option that s perfect for your project. So bring your imagination, you ll be happy you did. Dependability Where s the Connection? Pins and clips sound good in theory, but many times they are left out due to clogged holes or oversight. Rockwood s connection is built in, due to the integral Anchor Bar, ensuring proper alignment and precise set-back. Plus, vertical Stone Columns are a fundamental aspect of the Rockwood system. Filled with jagged stone, the Stone Columns unify the grid, backfill, and Rockwood units into one integrated structural design. It s no wonder Rockwood has the highest block to block shear strength in the industry. Efficiency One Unit construction is a central element of Rockwood s superior design no special units are required (corners, half block, etc.), no special inventories are needed, and no shortages occur on jobsites. Plus, the unique shape of Rockwood products provides more square feet per pound, reducing shipping costs and making handling easy. Ease of installation, eliminating guesswork, and reducing labor costs are all benefits of the Rockwood system. 2

Table of Contents Classic Family of Products Classic 6... 4 Classic 8... 4 Classic Colonial 6... 5 Classic Colonial 8... 5 Legend... 6 Classic Components Classic Base Block... 6 Universal Cap... 6 Classic Half Block... 7 Classic Corner Block... 7 Step Tread... 7 Creating Base, Half, and Corner Blocks... 7 Planning Guide Garden Walls vs. Retaining Walls... 8 Before You Begin... 8 Calculating Material Requirements... 8 Online Resources... 9 Names, dates, and phone numbers... 9 Geosynthetic Reinforcement Basic Grid Reinforcement... 18-19 Convex Curve... 19 Concave Curve... 19 Outside 90 Corner... 20 Inside 90 Corner... 20 Design Tables Classic 6 and Classic Colonial 6... 21-23 Classic 8 and Classic Colonial 8... 24-26 Legend... 27-29 Glossary of Terms... 30 Notes... 31 Basic Wall Installation... 10-11 Special Applications Convex and Concave Curves... 12 Outside 90 Corner... 13 Inside 90 Corner... 13 Basic Stair with Universal Cap... 14 Basic Stair with Step Tread... 14-15 Branched Wall... 15 Tiered Wall... 15 20" (Corner Block) Pillar... 15 Half (Base) Block Pillar... 16 Fences, Posts and Guardrails... 16 Vertical Wall... 17 Water Applications... 17 3

Classic Family of Products Classic 6 The lower profile of Classic 6 provides a longer and smoother appearance while maintaining all the special features of the Rockwood Classic family of products. Appealing to homeowners, contractors, and designers, Classic 6 is as flexible as it is versatile. It is capable of sharp radius turns, variable setbacks, and other endless design possibilities. Covering 3/4 square foot per block, Classic 6 makes installation efficient. It can be utilized for various wall applications ranging from the smallest raised patio wall to the most critical wall application. Classic 8 Classic 8 is a high performance block specifically designed for virtually every retaining wall need. The award winning design is preferred by architects, builders, developers, and engineers worldwide. It is known for its ease of installation, strength, and versatility. Like Classic 6, Classic 8 is capable of sharp radius turns, variable setbacks, and other endless design possibilities. Covering one square foot per block, Classic 8 offers greater efficiency in installation. Whether the wall is supporting a roadway or being built along the shore of a lake, Classic 8 is a versatile solution for any type of wall application. Straight Split Size: 6" H x 18" W x 12" D 150mm x 450mm x 300mm Weight: 60 lbs., 27 kg Straight Split Size: 8" H x 18" W x 12" D 200mm x 450mm x 300mm Weight: 80 lbs., 36 kg Beveled Split Size: 6" H x 18" W x 12" D 150mm x 450mm x 300mm Weight: 60 lbs., 27 kg Beveled Split Size: 8" H x 18" W x 12" D 200mm x 450mm x 300mm Weight: 80 lbs., 36 kg Rustic Size: 6" H x 18" W x 12" D 150mm x 450mm x 300mm Weight: 60 lbs., 27 kg Rustic Size: 8" H x 18" W x 12" D 200mm x 450mm x 300mm Weight: 80 lbs., 36 kg 4

Classic Colonial 6 The Rustic TM appearance gives Classic Colonial 6 the warm, natural look that only comes with age. Plus, the unique multi-unit system, creates a random pattern for a crafted appearance that is so highly valued today. Its appeal can also be found in the face of each block. Processed to appear weathered, a Classic Colonial 6 wall can add desired curb appeal to any property with its timeless beauty and simplicity. Having evolved from the Classic 6, Classic Colonial 6 features the same design integrity that has made the Classic family of products a landscaping standard. Classic Colonial 8 Classic Colonial 8 combines the attractive features of a natural stonewall with the proven performance of a Classic 8 block. Featuring the valued Rustic TM look, Classic Colonial 8 is the choice of block for large residential and commercial retaining walls. Designers will appreciate Classic Colonial 8 for its natural curb appeal, while engineers will respect its proven strength in critical wall applications. Either way, Classic Colonial 8 is the most efficient wall system to use when appearance is as important as performance of an engineered wall. Rustic 18 Size: 6" H x 18" W x 12" D 150mm x 450mm x 300mm Weight: 60 lbs., 27 kg Rustic 18 Size: 8" H x 18" W x 12" D 200mm x 450mm x 300mm Weight: 80 lbs., 36 kg Rustic 6/12 Size: 6" H x 18" W x 12" D 150mm x 450mm x 300mm Weight: 60 lbs., 27 kg Rustic 6/12 Size: 8" H x 18" W x 12" D 200mm x 450mm x 300mm Weight: 80 lbs., 36 kg 5

Classic Family of Products Legend Legend is the product to use when your project requires a critical, maximum performance retaining wall. The extended tail design significantly increases shear resistance and connection strength. An integral Anchor Bar ensures proper alignment and precise setback while stone filled columns unify the grid, backfill, and Legend blocks as one complete structural system. This allows a Legend wall to confront the demands of any challenging project. Classic Base Block Base Block is used for the first course of a Rockwood wall. With the Anchor Bar removed, the Base Block can be easily set level so successive courses can also be level. Additionally, Base Block can be used as step treads in a stair step application or whenever a level block is needed. Size: Weight: Size: Weight: 6" Base Block 6" H x 18" W x 12" D 150mm x 450mm x 300mm 58 lbs. / 64 lbs.*, 26 kg / 29 kg* 8" Base Block 8" H x 18" W x 12" D 200mm x 450mm x 300mm 78 lbs. / 85 lbs.*, 35 kg / 39 kg* Straight Split Size: 8" H x 18" W x 22" D 200mm x 450mm x 550mm Weight: 115 lbs., 52 kg *Straight units Size: Weight: Universal Cap 4" H x 18" W x 10.5" D 100mm x 450mm x 263mm 54 lbs., 25 kg Beveled Split Size: 8" H x 18" W x 22" D 200mm x 450mm x 550mm Weight: 110 lbs., 50 kg Universal Cap The Universal Cap is used to finish the top course of a Rockwood wall. Its flexibility allows it to cap a straight or a curved wall application. It can also be double stacked for stepping a wall or as a step tread in a stair step application. 6

Components Classic Half Block When the wall is stepped, use Half Block to show a more gradual transition. Half Block may also be used to abut another structure to maintain a running bond. The split faces provide a more consistent look with the wall face, making it appear more seamless and natural in appearance. Classic Corner Block As the name implies, Corner Block can be used for an outside 90 corner. As each course is installed, a Corner Block is positioned alternatively for structural integrity and to maintain a running bond. When stepping a wall, the Corner Block may also be used as an end cap to finish the end of a course in the wall. Step Tread Size: Weight: Size: Weight: Size: Weight: Size: Weight: 6" Half Block 6" H x 9" W x 12" D 150mm x 225mm x 300mm 29 lbs., 13 kg 8" Half Block 8" H x 9" W x 12" D 200mm x 225mm x 300mm 39 lbs., 18 kg 6" Corner Block 6" H x 13" W x 5.5" D 150mm x 325mm x 138mm 32 lbs., 15 kg 8" Corner Block 8" H x 13" W x 5.5" D 200mm x 325mm x 138mm 40 lbs., 19 kg Step Tread Size: 6" H x 8" W x 15" D 150mm x 200mm x 375mm Weight: 57 lbs., 26 kg Designed and manufactured specifically for stair step applications, the Step Tread is a convenient and functional block that can be incorporated in a retaining wall. The rough top surface provides enhanced traction. To create a Base Block, position the block so the Anchor Bar is facing up. Remove the Anchor Bar with a hammer and chisel as shown wear protective equipment when modifying the block. To create a Half Block, make a score line in the middle of the block, from front to back and on both sides. Split as shown. Wear protective equipment when splitting. To create a Corner Block, make score lines on both splitting grooves and behind the head of the block. Split the block on both top and bottom sides, as shown. A hammer and chisel, or a hand splitter may be used to create the block. Wear protective equipment when splitting. The Universal Cap can be split with a hammer and chisel for a split finish or cut with a masonry blade for finished accuracy. For a more consistent split, lightly score the Universal Cap on both sides, on a flat and smooth surface. Wear protective equipment when splitting. 7

Planning Guide Material Requirements Use the following methods to estimate the amount of base material, drainage rock, and adhesive you will need for your project. 1. Base Material Needed A typical trench is 2' wide and 14" deep to bury a full course of 8 inch block. Your base material must be a minimum of 6 inches (.5 ft.) in height. x x 27 = Wall Length (ft) Base Height (ft) Base Width (ft) Cubic Yards* *Add 10% for inconsistencies in the trench and compaction. Garden Walls vs. Retaining Walls There is significant difference in the planning and construction of retaining walls depending on their purpose. Walls below 4 feet in height are commonly referred to as garden walls and in most cases can be built without the input from a geotechnical engineer. Walls above 4 feet and with forces behind or on top of the wall require special considerations and need to be planned by a qualified engineer. Before You Begin Zoning and Permits Before you plan your project, learn about the necessary zoning requirements and rules for excavating and building in your area. No matter how small your project, be sure you obtain the necessary permits before you start construction. Know What s Below! Whether you are planning to do it yourself or hire a professional, smart digging means calling 811 before each job. Homeowners often make risky assumptions about whether or not they should get their utility lines marked, but every digging job requires a call even small projects like planting trees and shrubs. 2. Drainage Rock Needed You need enough drainage rock to fill 1' behind the tail of the block and to fill any cores. x 1.33 27 = Sq ft of wall Cubic Yards 3. Adhesive Needed The amount of glue required depends on type of block and construction. Use the guide below to estimate the amount of adhesive required. Approximate length of bead by bead diameter: (Bead Widths) Tubes 1/8 bead 1/4 bead 3/8 bead 10.5 oz 129 ft 32 ft 14 ft 29 oz. 355 ft 89 ft 39 ft (Tube Sizes) 10.5 oz 29 oz. Tubes/Case 12 12 Cases/Pallet 54 38 Professionals depend on Super-Stik adhesive for its superior strength, time-tested performance and versatility. Super-Stik is the ideal solution for segmental retaining walls, pavers, stone and masonry. You can even apply it to damp surfaces! Especially formulated for: Use on damp or frozen surfaces Superior strength and stability Works well in extreme temperatures Waterproof bond 8

On-Line Resources Whether you are a seasoned professional or a weekend warrior, there is an ever growing on-line resource for designing, planning and building retaining walls and outdoor living spaces. Important names, dates, and phone numbers: Visit us on the web at: www.rockwoodwalls.com OUR COLLECTION - Outdoor Living Kits - Retaining Walls - Freestanding Walls - Garden Walls - Pavers - Edgers - Accessories DESIGN IDEAS - Retaining Walls - Freestanding Walls - Garden Walls - Patios - Pillars - Seat/Bench Walls - Outdoor Rooms - Steps - Caps PLANNING - Installation - Calculating Product - FAQs RESOURCES - Literature & Downloads - Technical / Testing - Installation - Where to Purchase - Become A Dealer 9

Basic Wall Installation Getting Started Step 1 - Base Course Preparation Beginning at a point of the wall s lowest elevation, excavate a trench down the length of the wall that will accommodate at least 6" of base material and 6" of block embedment. As a rule of thumb, for every 8" to 10" of wall height, 1" of block should be buried with at least a minimum of 6" base course embedment. Step the trench up or down with respect to adjacent grade. The width of the trench for a Classic, or Classic Colonial TM wall should be a minimum of 24", while the trench width for a Legend wall should be a minimum of 34". Based on the type of application and what is retained, the depth of the leveling pad may vary. If necessary, consult with an engineer. After excavating the native soil and prior to adding base material, remove loose material from the trench and compact. Step 2 - Leveling Pad Installation Place and compact a minimum of 6" base material to 95% Standard Proctor. Verify that the base is level with a transit or hand level. Be aware that the base material (commonly referred to as road base or base aggregate) will vary from region to region. Step 4 - Core and Drainage Fill Place 3/4" to 1" clean aggregate (crushed rock) within the cores and a minimum of 12" behind the blocks. This creates a drainage zone and Stone Columns that helps to unify and maximize the performance of the wall. Step 5 - Successive Course Installation Prior to adding successive courses, the top of each block needs to be clean and free of foreign material. Center the block and pull it forward until the Anchor Bar abuts the two blocks below it. Place core and drainage fill as in Step 4. Place the backfill material behind the drainage rock in maximum of 8" lifts and compact to 95% Standard Proctor. Repeat this process for each successive course. Large compaction and construction equipment should be kept a minimum of 3' from the back of the wall. This 3' area should be compacted with a vibrating plate compactor. Stone Columns are an integral part of a Rockwood Retaining wall; adding support and stability to the wall. 10 Step 3 - Base Course Installation The base course will consist of base block. Use a string line behind the tail of the block for alignment on straight wall applications. All blocks should rest firmly on the pad and be centered to allow 6" of base material in front and 6" behind the Base Block. Level each block, side-to-side, front-to-back and across three full blocks with a hand level. A rubber mallet may be used to level and align the blocks.

Step 6 - Capping a Wall The Universal Cap has both a finished surface and palletized surface. The finished surface should be exposed on the top course to complete the wall application. The adhesive used for securing cap units should have a high rubber content. Check with your supplier to determine which concrete adhesive is recommended if Super-Stik adhesive is not available. To ensure permanent placement of the upper blocks, adhesive should be used. Step 7 - Stepping a Wall A Half Block or Corner Block may be used to end a course in a Rockwood application. Double stack 4" tall Universal Caps as an end cap to finish courses of 8" tall blocks. Special Applications While the installation steps presented are applicable to most basic wall designs, special consideration needs to be given to those applications in which a slope, surcharge loading, and/or less than ideal soils are present. These types of applications may require geosynthetic reinforcement or other engineering design support. Such applications include, but are not limited to: Wall Height Tiered Wall Driveways and Roads Bridges and Culverts Fences and Guardrails Water Applications Drainage Structures Please refer to the geosynthetic reinforcement section for more information in regard to the incorporation of geosynthetic reinforcement in wall design. 11

Special Applications Convex and Concave Curves Step 1 - Base Course Preparation for a Convex or Concave Curve Concave Curve Convex Curve Place the blocks on the leveling pad so there are no gaps between them. Step 2 - Successive Course Installation for a Convex or Concave Curve When building multiple courses on a curve, begin installation by placing a block in the middle of the curve and centering it on two blocks directly below it. Build the wall from the center block outward. Step 3 - Cutting Universal Caps for Curved Walls Place the Universal Caps and measure the distance of the gap between the caps. Using this measurement, cut the cap so that it is parallel with the adjacent cap unit. Slide the cap in place so that it is flush with the adjacent cap unit. Adhere caps with Super-Stik. 12

Outside 90º Corner Step 1 - Base Course Preparation with Corner Block Begin an outside corner from the corner of the wall and install the blocks from the corner out when possible. Step 2 - Successive Course Installation Stagger the Corner Block as each successive course is installed so it is on the opposite side of the wall corner. Length adjustments to the Corner Block may be necessary to maintain a running bond. Step 3 - Finishing a Outside 90 Corner Using a hammer and chisel, score and split a Universal Cap four inches from one side. Position it on the corner with one or two inches of overhang. Inside 90º Corner Step 1 - Base Course Preparation Begin an inside corner from the corner of the wall and install the blocks from the corner out when possible. Only half of a whole block installed on the corner will be exposed. This is true of each successive block that is staggered in the corner. Step 2 - Successive Course Installation Gaps will develop in successive courses, which will require a wedge block to fill the gap. Measure the gap and cut a block to fill the gap. Adhere cut block with Super- Stik. Depending on the height of the wall, the wedge block will eventually become the same size as a whole block, then the process repeats itself. Step 3 - Finishing an 90 Inside Corner Using a hammer and chisel or a masonry saw, cut a Universal Cap so it is perpendicular to the wall face. Cut another Universal Cap to be placed on the adjacent corner wall so that it is flush with the other cap unit. Adhere Universal Caps with Super- Stik. Cut the next Universal Cap to be flush with the corner cap. Adhere Universal Caps with Super- Stik. 13

Special Applications Basic Stair with Universal Cap The installation described below using Rockwood s Classic 6 and Universal Caps is for a basic stair step application. It is recommended the riser width be considered in 18" increments for this particular application. This will ensure full blocks fit the width of the stair steps without having to cut them, since each block is 18" in width. Beveled blocks may be used for this application, but straight face blocks offer a more uniform and straight finish. Step 1 - Dimensions of the Steps The step rise is 6". The step depth is 10". To determine the number of risers needed, divide the height of the stair by the riser height. To determine the length of the side stair walls, multiply the depth by the number of risers. Step 2 - Excavating the Trench for the Base Follow the standard procedures for base course installation and place the blocks on the leveling pad so there are no gaps between them. Classic 6 Base Block Alternative stair base construction Step 3 - Setting Successive Risers Excavate for a minimum of 6" of base material under all risers. Proper compaction to 95% Standard Proctor is crucial in a stair step application. Each successive riser should overlap the previous riser by 2". Fill the cores and backfill behind the wall with the base material to 95% Standard Proctor. Repeat this process for each successive riser. The side stair walls must be vertical with no setback. When capping risers, make sure the top of the risers are swept free of any foreign material. Basic Stair with Step Tread The installation described below uses Rockwood s Step Treads and is for a basic stair step application. It is recommended the riser width be considered in 8" increments for this particular application. This will ensure full blocks fit the width of the stair steps without having to cut them, since each block is 8" in width. Step 1 - Dimensions of the Steps The step rise is 6". The step depth may vary from 10" to 13". To determine the number of risers needed, divide the height of the stair by the riser height. To determine the length of the side stair walls, multiply the depth by the number of risers. Step 2 - Excavating a Trench for the Base Follow the standard procedures for base course installation and place the blocks on the leveling pad so there are no gaps between them. Visit us on the web at: www.rockwoodwalls.com 14

Step 3 - Setting Successive Step Treads Excavate for a minimum of 6" of base material under all Step Treads. Allow for the base material to extend a minimum of 18" behind each successive course of Step Treads. Proper compaction to 95% Standard Proctor is crucial in a stair step application. Each successive Step Tread should overlap the previous riser by 2" to 5". Repeat this process for each successive riser. The side stair walls must be vertical with no setback. Branched Wall Branched walls require a minimum of one course embedment, as if each wall is independent. Tiered Wall Tiered walls may be installed where it is desirable or aesthetically pleasing to use more than one wall. Upper walls can exert surcharge loads on lower walls. In order to design tiered walls independently, the walls must be set back a distance of at least twice the height of the lower walls. Whenever tiered walls are constructed, a qualified soils engineer should be consulted. 20" Pillar Step 1 - Create a (Corner) Pillar Block Your distributor may carry Corner Blocks. If you need to create corners on the job site, see instructions on page 7 on how to create Corner Blocks. Step 2 - Excavating and Site Preparation Follow the steps for a leveling pad installation, as described in basic wall installation. Lay the first four pillar blocks with the split faces exposed to create the foundation for the 20" Pillar. Step 3 - Successive Course Installation Stagger the pillar blocks so a running bond is maintained. Adhere all blocks with Super-Stik. Step 4 - Capping a 20" Pillar A 20" Pillar may be capped with Universal Caps, stone, or other prefabricated products. Adhere caps with Super-Stik. 15

Special Applications Half Block Pillar (Base Block) Step 1 - Create a Half Block Your distributor may carry Half Blocks. If you need to create Half Blocks on the job site, be sure you have Base Block Step 2 - Excavating and Site preparation Follow the steps for a leveling pad installation, as described in basic wall installation. Lay the first four Half Blocks with the split faces exposed to create the foundation for the Half Block Pillar. Fences, Posts and Guardrails Special consideration must be taken when designing a retaining walls that includes fence or guardrail posts. Sleeve-It TM is a proven system that uses a traditional cantilever design to engage the overlying soil mass, thereby providing resistance to the fence load. Sleeves should be installed as the wall is constructed. In reinforced walls, geogrid will need to be cut to fit around the Sleeve-It. Consult with an engineer in regard to design and application. www.geogrid.com/sleeve-it.html Step 3 - Successive Course Installation Stagger the Half Blocks so a running bond is maintained. Adhere all blocks with Super-Stik. Fence Post Concrete Filled Sleeve-It 10-1/2" 4" Universal Cap Step 4 - Capping a Half Block Pillar A Half Block Pillar may be capped with Universal Caps, stone or other prefabricated products. Adhere caps with Super- Stik. Filter Fabric Geogrid Reinforcement Height Varies Drainage Rock (3/4" - 1" clean aggregate) Base Leveling Pad (3/4" aggregate with fine) 6" 16

Vertical Wall Rockwood s blocks offer the unique ability to modify the facing batter of a wall. This is especially useful in stair step and egress window applications. For 6" tall Blocks, adjust setback by 3/4". For 8" tall Blocks, adjust setback by 1". The setback is determined by how much material is removed. To adjust the setback, modify the two blocks below the successive course by splitting at the grooves on the top of each block. NEVER ALTER THE ANCHOR BAR! Doing so will adversely affect the performance of the wall. Water Applications Retaining walls constructed along or around retention ponds, shorelines, and other bodies of water require special consideration. Design considerations include drainage, foundation strength, erosion or scouring at the base of the wall, freeze thaw, and hydrostatic pressure. It is recommended that a qualified engineer design an application that may be subject to these conditions. Filter Fabric 12" 10-1/2" 4" Universal Cap Filter Fabric (Overlap Geogrid 12" Min.) Geogrid Reinforcement Water Elevation Select Backfill 12" 10-1/2" Riprap 4" Universal Cap Filter Fabric 6" Leveling Pad Wrapped in Filter Fabric Height Varies Geogrid Reinforcement Drainage Rock (3/4" - 1" clean aggregate) Base Leveling Pad (3/4" aggregate with fine) 6" 17

Geosynthetic Reinforcement Geosynthetic Reinforcement Geosynthetic reinforcement is an engineered product that is typically comprised of polypropylene, polyester, or other high tensile material. Used in conjunction with segmental retaining wall blocks, it helps stabilize the soil mass behind a wall. Depending on the wall design, the length and the number of grid layers will vary. Step 2 - Grid Placement Generally, grid strength is in the roll direction. As it is unrolled, it is in the same direction it should be installed. Biaxial grid is another option in which the strength is the same against roll direction as it is in the roll direction. 12" 10-1/2" Filter Fabric Geogrid Reinforcement 4" Universal Cap 7 Height Varies Place the grid as close to the face of the wall without exposing it after successive placement of blocks. Ensure the grid is placed with the strength direction perpendicular to the wall. Check grid manufacturer specifications for proper grid placement instructions. Step 3 - Preparation for Backfill Reinforced Fill Drainage Rock (3/4" - 1" clean aggregate) Base Leveling Pad (3/4" aggregate with fine) 6" Basic Grid Reinforcement Step 1 - Preparation for Grid Place the next course of block. Pull the grid back and stake it so it is taut and free of wrinkles. Step 4 - Backfill and Compact 18 The area behind the wall on the grid layer needs to be level with the top of the block and to 95% of the Standard Proctor (ASTM D698). Place 3/4" to 1" clean aggregate (crushed rock) within the cores and a minimum of 12" behind the blocks. Place and compact backfill on the grid in lifts no greater than 8". When possible, it is recommended the backfill is deposited directly behind the wall and pushed to the end of the grid to ensure it remains taut and wrinkle-free.

Geosynthetic Reinforcement - Convex Curve Step 1 - Grid Placement Geosynthetic Reinforcement - Concave Curve Step 1 - Grid Placement Place grid following the contour of the curve. Step 2 - Successive Grid Layers Making sure the strength direction of the grid is perpendicular to the wall face, align the cut grid sections so they follow the contour of the concave curve. Grid layers should not overlap. An engineer will specify grid lengths. Step 2 - Successive Grid Layers Overlapping layers of grid on a convex curve require a minimum of 3" of fill between them for proper anchorage. Repeat these steps for successive specified grid layers. After the next course of block is placed, lay the grid to cover the area of unreinforced soil below. This will ensure 100% coverage. Repeat these steps for successive specified grid layers. 19

Geosynthetic Reinforcement Geosynthetic Reinforcement - Outside 90 Corner Geosynthetic Reinforcement - Inside 90 Corner Step 1 - Grid Placement On an outside 90 corner, it is important that grid layers do not overlap at the corner. Place the first grid layer per plan at its design elevation and length. Step 1 - Grid Placement Extend the grid past one edge of the wall by a minimum of 2'. Along the other edge, place the grid to the corner. Step 2 - Successive Grid Layers In the corner and on the next course of blocks, place a layer of grid perpendicular to the previous layer of grid. Repeat these steps for successive specified grid layers. Step 2 - Successive Grid Layers At the next designed grid layer, alternate the edge on which the grid is extended past the corner. Repeat these steps for successive specified grid layers. Free Prelims Be sure you have Rockwood s engineers create a Prelim (Preliminary Material Quantity Take-off) before you bid commercial wall projects. Project Prelims using Rockwood products are done at no charge. For engineering assistance, contact your regional Rockwood sales representative or call 888-288-4045. 20

Griding Tables Classic 6 and Classic Colonial 6 with Clay (ø = 24 ), using StrataGRID 150 LEVEL 3:1 SLOPE SURCHARGE: (100 lbs/sq ft) 3' Wall (6 Courses) 4. 3' 3. Wall (8 Courses) 4.5 ' 5. 3' Wall (10 Courses) 5. 6. 6. 4. Wall (12 Courses) 7. 4. 7. 7. 8. 8' Wall (14 Courses) 8. 5. 8. 4. 8. 7. 10' 8. 8' Wall (16 Courses) 10' 6. 10' 10' The above design tables were determined using the following assumed soil parameters and conditions: Unit weight (γ)=120pcf for all soil types. Friction angles (φ); (φ)=32 degrees for Silty Coarse Sand (SM). (φ)=28 degrees for Silty Sand/Sandy Silt (SM-ML). (φ)=24 degrees Clayey Silt/Silty Clay (ML-CL). Designs assume a 6" compacted angular aggregate base (road base) leveling pad and swale directly behind wall. Rockwood s design charts are for preliminary use only. A final site specific design should be evaluated and approved by a qualified professional engineer. For positive connection grid tables, consult a qualified professional engineer. 21

Griding Tables Classic 6 and Classic Colonial 6 with Sandy Silt (ø = 28 ), using StrataGRID 150 LEVEL 3:1 SLOPE SURCHARGE: (100 lbs/sq ft) 3' Wall (6 Courses) 3. 4. Wall (8 Courses) 4 ' 4. 3' 3' 3' Wall (10 Courses) 4. 3. 3. Wall (12 Courses) 5. Wall (14 Courses) 6. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 8' 7. 8' Wall (16 Courses) 6. 5. 22 The above design tables were determined using the following assumed soil parameters and conditions: Unit weight (γ)=120pcf for all soil types. Friction angles (φ); (φ)=32 degrees for Silty Coarse Sand (SM). (φ)=28 degrees for Silty Sand/Sandy Silt (SM-ML). (φ)=24 degrees Clayey Silt/Silty Clay (ML-CL). Designs assume a 6" compacted angular aggregate base (road base) leveling pad and swale directly behind wall. Rockwood s design charts are for preliminary use only. A final site specific design should be evaluated and approved by a qualified professional engineer. For positive connection grid tables, consult a qualified professional engineer.

Classic 6 and Classic Colonial 6 with Sand (ø = 32 ), using StrataGRID150 LEVEL 3:1 SLOPE SURCHARGE: (100 lbs/sq ft) 3' Wall (6 Courses) 3. 3. Wall (8 Courses) 3. 3' 3' Wall (10 Courses) 4. 4. 3' 3. 3' Wall (12 Courses) 4. 5. 4. Wall (14 Courses) 5. 5. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 8' Wall (16 Courses) 5. The above design tables were determined using the following assumed soil parameters and conditions: Unit weight (γ)=120pcf for all soil types. Friction angles (φ); (φ)=32 degrees for Silty Coarse Sand (SM). (φ)=28 degrees for Silty Sand/Sandy Silt (SM-ML). (φ)=24 degrees Clayey Silt/Silty Clay (ML-CL). Designs assume a 6" compacted angular aggregate base (road base) leveling pad and swale directly behind wall. Rockwood s design charts are for preliminary use only. A final site specific design should be evaluated and approved by a qualified professional engineer. For positive connection grid tables, consult a qualified professional engineer. 23

Griding Tables Classic 8 and Classic Colonial 8 with Clay (ø = 24 ), using StrataGRID 150 LEVEL 3:1 SLOPE SURCHARGE: (100 lbs/sq ft) Wall (6 Courses) 4. 3' 5. 7. 5.3' Wall (8 Courses) 6. 6. 7. 7. Wall (9 Courses) 4. 7. 7. 6. 8. 7. 6. Wall (10 Courses) 8. 5. 8. 8. 4. 7. 9. 9' 8. 6. 7.3' Wall (11 Courses) 4. 8. 4. 8. 7. 10' 9' 8' Wall (12 Courses) 10' 6. 10' 10' 24 The above design tables were determined using the following assumed soil parameters and conditions: Unit weight (γ)=120pcf for all soil types. Friction angles (φ); (φ)=32 degrees for Silty Coarse Sand (SM). (φ)=28 degrees for Silty Sand/Sandy Silt (SM-ML). (φ)=24 degrees Clayey Silt/Silty Clay (ML-CL). Designs assume a 6" compacted angular aggregate base (road base) leveling pad and swale directly behind wall. Rockwood s design charts are for preliminary use only. A final site specific design should be evaluated and approved by a qualified professional engineer. For positive connection grid tables, consult a qualified professional engineer.

Classic 8 and Classic Colonial 8 with Sandy Silt (ø = 28 ), using StrataGRID 150 LEVEL 3:1 SLOPE SURCHARGE: (100 lbs/sq ft) Wall (6 Courses) 4. 4. 3' 3' 3' 5.3' Wall (8 Courses) 4. 3. 4. 5. 4. 6. Wall (9 Courses) 4. 6. 6. Wall (10 Courses) 4. 4. 4. 7. 5. 7.3' Wall (11 Courses) 4. 4. 4. 4. 8' 7. 8' Wall (12 Courses) 6 5. 5. 5. The above design tables were determined using the following assumed soil parameters and conditions: Unit weight (γ)=120pcf for all soil types. Friction angles (φ); (φ)=32 degrees for Silty Coarse Sand (SM). (φ)=28 degrees for Silty Sand/Sandy Silt (SM-ML). (φ)=24 degrees Clayey Silt/Silty Clay (ML-CL). Designs assume a 6" compacted angular aggregate base (road base) leveling pad and swale directly behind wall. Rockwood s design charts are for preliminary use only. A final site specific design should be evaluated and approved by a qualified professional engineer. For positive connection grid tables, consult a qualified professional engineer. 25

Griding Tables Classic 8 and Classic Colonial 8 with Sand (ø = 32 ), using StrataGRID 150 LEVEL 3:1 SLOPE SURCHARGE: (100 lbs/sq ft) Wall (6 Courses) 3. 3' 3' 5.3' Wall (8 Courses) 3. 3. 5. 4. 3. Wall (9 Courses) 4. 5. 6. Wall (10 Courses) 5. 4. 7.3' Wall (11 Courses) 4. 4. 5. 5. 4. 4. 4. 4. 8' Wall (12 Courses) 5. 26 The above design tables were determined using the following assumed soil parameters and conditions: Unit weight (γ)=120pcf for all soil types. Friction angles (φ); (φ)=32 degrees for Silty Coarse Sand (SM). (φ)=28 degrees for Silty Sand/Sandy Silt (SM-ML). (φ)=24 degrees Clayey Silt/Silty Clay (ML-CL). Designs assume a 6" compacted angular aggregate base (road base) leveling pad and swale directly behind wall. Rockwood s design charts are for preliminary use only. A final site specific design should be evaluated and approved by a qualified professional engineer. For positive connection grid tables, consult a qualified professional engineer.

Legend with Clay (ø = 24 ), using StrataGRID 150 LEVEL 3:1 SLOPE SURCHARGE: (100 lbs/sq ft) Wall (6 Courses) 6 6. 4. 5.3' Wall (8 Courses) Wall (9 Courses) 6. 8' 7. 6. 6. Wall (10 Courses) 8. 8' 5. 8' 8' 4. 10' 7.3' Wall (11 Courses) 7. 8. 8. 8. 8. 6. 8' Wall (12 Courses) 8. 10' 10' 9. 7. 5. 10' 10' The above design tables were determined using the following assumed soil parameters and conditions: Unit weight (γ)=120pcf for all soil types. Friction angles (φ); (φ)=32 degrees for Silty Coarse Sand (SM). (φ)=28 degrees for Silty Sand/Sandy Silt (SM-ML). (φ)=24 degrees Clayey Silt/Silty Clay (ML-CL). Designs assume a 6" compacted angular aggregate base (road base) leveling pad and swale directly behind wall. Rockwood s design charts are for preliminary use only. A final site specific design should be evaluated and approved by a qualified professional engineer. For positive connection grid tables, consult a qualified professional engineer. 27

Griding Tables Legend with Sandy Silt (ø = 28 ), using StrataGRID 150 LEVEL 3:1 SLOPE SURCHARGE: (100 lbs/sq ft) Wall (6 Courses) 5 5.3' Wall (8 Courses) 4. Wall (9 Courses) 5. 6. 6. 5. 6. Wall (10 Courses) 5. 6. 7.3' Wall (11 Courses) 6. 7. 5. 4. 4. 4. 8' Wall (12 Courses) 5. 9' 5. 7. 28 The above design tables were determined using the following assumed soil parameters and conditions: Unit weight (γ)=120pcf for all soil types. Friction angles (φ); (φ)=32 degrees for Silty Coarse Sand (SM). (φ)=28 degrees for Silty Sand/Sandy Silt (SM-ML). (φ)=24 degrees Clayey Silt/Silty Clay (ML-CL). Designs assume a 6" compacted angular aggregate base (road base) leveling pad and swale directly behind wall. Rockwood s design charts are for preliminary use only. A final site specific design should be evaluated and approved by a qualified professional engineer. For positive connection grid tables, consult a qualified professional engineer.

Legend with Sand (ø = 32 ), using StrataGRID 150 LEVEL 3:1 SLOPE SURCHARGE: (100 lbs/sq ft) Wall (6 Courses) 5.3' Wall (8 Courses) 5. Wall (9 Courses) 5. 5. 4. 4. 4. 6. 6. Wall (10 Courses) 4. 4. 7.3' Wall (11 Courses) 5. 4. 4. 4. 6. 7. 6. 8' Wall (12 Courses) 5. 5. The above design tables were determined using the following assumed soil parameters and conditions: Unit weight (γ)=120pcf for all soil types. Friction angles (φ); (φ)=32 degrees for Silty Coarse Sand (SM). (φ)=28 degrees for Silty Sand/Sandy Silt (SM-ML). (φ)=24 degrees Clayey Silt/Silty Clay (ML-CL). Designs assume a 6" compacted angular aggregate base (road base) leveling pad and swale directly behind wall. Rockwood s design charts are for preliminary use only. A final site specific design should be evaluated and approved by a qualified professional engineer. For positive connection grid tables, consult a qualified professional engineer. 29

Glossary of Terms What is the Anchor Bar? The Anchor Bar is a 4" x 4" x 5/8" projection on the bottom of the block that is laid against the backside of the face of the two blocks below. What is backfill? Backfill is the material placed behind the drainage zone that has been removed and replaced during the construction process. It needs to be compacted back to 95% Standard Proctor. What is the base material? The leveling material used to distribute the weight of the blocks over a wider foundation and to provide a working surface during construction. Base materials are composed of coarsegrained material ranging in size from fine sand to 1" aggregate. What is batter? Batter is the angle at which the face of the wall is from being vertical. What is clay? Clay is a fine-grained soil that typically possesses both plasticity and cohesiveness. It is considered a poor soil for construction purposes. What is an expansion joint? An expansion joint is a space which allows for expansion as to not adversely affect an adjacent structure. What are fines? Fines are fine-grained soils, such as clay or silt. What is Friction Angle? It is an angle that describes the rate at which a soils strength increases under loading. The greater the friction angle of a soil - the lesser the lateral loads on a wall. What is geosynthetic reinforcement? Typically known as geogrid, it is a high tensile polypropylene or polyester material that helps stabilize the soil mass behind the wall. The number of grid layers and grid lengths are determined by a number of variables; including wall height, type of soil, etc. What is filter fabric? It is a geotextile used to filter fines from water. It is commonly placed between the topsoil and the backfill and drainage zones to eliminate the migration of soils into the drainage zone and to help prevent wall face staining. What do you mean by "one-unit" construction? All components can be made from one unit by altering a standard block to create Base Block, Corner Block, and Half Block. What is retained soil? It is the soil, excluding backfill, which is retained by the wall. What is silt? Silt is a fine-grained soil. What is a Stone Column? It is a continuous vertical column of aggregate material that is formed when the Rockwood block cores are filled. The Stone Column unifies grid and block into an integrated structural system. What is surcharge loading? It is a force exerted at the top of wall such as loading from a slope, roadway, parking lot, or building. Surcharge loading should be considered in the design of a wall. What is a swale? A ditch or canal used to divert water away from the back of the wall. What is compaction? Compaction is the densification of soils by means of mechanical action with equipment such as a plate compactor, jumping jack or hand tamper. Compaction is the most fundamental element in wall construction. What is drain tile? Drain tile is perforated pipe placed in the backfill and used to transport water away from the wall. Drain tiles are typically 4" perforated PVC pipe. What is a drainage zone? The drainage zone helps alleviate hydrostatic pressure at the back of the block. 3/4" to 1" clean aggregate (crushed rock) is placed a minimum of 12" directly behind the blocks. What is grade? Grade is considered to be ground level. What is a gravity wall? A gravity wall is able to resist soil pressure by relying only on its mass. This type of wall does not require geosynthetic reinforcement. What is hydrostatic pressure? It is the pressure exerted on the back of a wall by water in undrained or saturated soils. What is a leveling pad? The level surface (gravel or concrete) used to distribute the weight of the stacked blocks over a wider foundation area and to provide a working surface during construction. The leveling pad is typically constructed with granular soil to facilitate compaction. 30

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325 Alliance Place NE Rochester, MN 55906 Available at: toll free 888.288.4045 phone 507.529.2871 fax 507.529.2879 www.rockwoodwalls.com Copyright 2013. All Rights Reserved. Made worldwide under license from Rockwood Retaining Walls, Inc. US and international patents issued and pending. This information has been prepared for the benefit of customers interested in Rockwood Retaining Wall products. It was reviewed carefully prior to publication. Rockwood assumes no liability for its accuracy or completeness. Final determination of the suitability of any information or material for the use contemplated, or for its manner of use, is the sole responsibility of the user. 817