PASSIVE HOUSE is a building, which doesn t need an active type of heating Dr. Ing Mihail Stancu
PASSIVE HOUSE 1991 Darmstadt, dr. Wolfgang Feist
THERMAL BILANCE THERMAL LOSES - Transmission thermal losses - Ventilation thermal losses THERMAL GAINS - Sun gains - Internal gains (people, lightening, machines, )
Internal heating sources
Themal bilance per annum kwh/(m2a) THERMAL BALANCE rest Windows - S Windows - N Roof External walls Floors Ventilation losses Solar gains Windows -S Windows - N Internal gains Heating gains Total annual energy needed for heating, ventilation and cooling: losses gains < 15kWh/(m 2 a) Classical heating system is not needed anymore.
Heating in passive houses Thermal losses are very low ~ 10 W/m 2 classic heating is not required anymore Air heating and cooling feeding through air conditioning equipment heating by heating pump Heating of domestic hot water by solar collectors (40-60%) and additional heating pump (in winter time)
Comfort in passive houses TEMPERATURE OF INTERNAL SURFACES Stabile, always > 17 C NO AIR MOVEMENT TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR Winter time 18 20 C Summer up to 26 C according to people that lived in such houses.
Principle of architectural design
1. Orientation
1. Orientation Thermal hierarchy of rooms - Living rooms on south - Utilities rooms on north - Cellar outside of thermal insulated envelope - Staircase and basement at building with more flats outside of thermal insulated envelope
Secondary accumulation 2. Accumulation in massive and montage houses Thermal radiation Primary accumulation
3. Factor of shape
4. Thermal protection of building s envelope Thermal insulation U ~ 0,1 W/m 2 K (25 to 40 cm) NO thermal bridges Windows and doors U 0,8 W/m 2 K
5. Overheating protection Cooling of the building by the earth - cooling transmitter Disconnecting electric equipments that are not in use Taking care about opening the doors and windows
5. Overheating protection Window shadows
5. Overheating protection Vegetation in front of the windows, green walls
5. Overheating protection Balconies, small roofs in overhanged flats
5. Overheating protection Night cooling south north
6. Constructing without thermal bridges Thermal bridge is locally limited surface on a construction element which present enlarged thermal transmittance - Geometric thermal bridges (joints, edges, ) - not too harmful - Construction thermal bridges disconnected thermal envelope of the buildings by holes, installations, over hanged constructions, balconies, fences, shades, We need to avoid them or insulate them properly
6. Constructing without thermal bridges Circumferential low wall of flat roof
6. Constructing without thermal bridges Foundation slab
6. Constructing without thermal bridges Pitched roof s eave
Windows installed in an insulation layer ETICS wall external
7. Air-tiedness - Connection between elements (especially at montage buildings) - Tiedness around windows, doors - Installation holes have to be tied up.
8. Ventilation Controlled ventilation by recuperation of wasted warm air. Used air - OUT Fresh air (heated by heat of used air) IN
8. Heating Air heating and cooling feeding through air condition equipment heating and cooling by heating pump Heating of sanitary water - by solar collectors (40-60%) - and additional by heating pump (at winter time)
Types of passive houses Family houses
Types of passive houses Public centers
Types of passive houses Churches
Types of passive houses Production buildings
Types of passive houses Flats
Types of passive houses Business buildings
Types of passive houses Students flats
Types of passive houses Schools
Types of passive houses Houses made of natural materials
Types of passive houses Green roof is almost constant part of passive, low energy houses
FIBRANxps in a passive house ROOFS (up to 45cm) Flat (inverted) roofs (DUO, OPTIMO DUO) Pitched roofs (SANDWICH) FACADES (up to 30cm) FIBRANxps ETICS PH FOUNDATION SLAB (insulation in two layers allowed 2x12cm our rule) THERMAL BRIDGES (balconies, around windows, attic walls, )
GEOLAN in a passive house ROOFS (up to 45cm) Flat roofs Pitched roofs FACADES (up to 30cm) 130 kg/m3, lamellas??