Company Presentation Silicon & Wafer Solar cell & Module Thin film module Semiconductor Frank Faller Managing Director West LB: Go West, Sep 2009
Centrotherm s Business Equipment for the manufacturing of poly-silicon, solar cells and modules (c-si and thin-film) turnkey or single equipment 2
centrotherm photovoltaics Outline - About centrotherm - Market - Solar cell line - PV module line - Thin-film line 3
Centrotherm Presence Worldwide centrotherm photovoltaics AG Blaubeuren, Germany centrotherm Sitec GmbH Blaubeuren/Burghausen, Germany centrotherm thermal solutions GmbH & Co.KG Blaubeuren, Berlin, Dresden, Frankfurt (Oder), Hanover, Germany, France, Asia, USA centrotherm photovoltaics technology GmbH Constance, Germany FHR Anlagenbau GmbH Ottendorf-Okrilla, Germany GP Solar GmbH Constance, Germany Michael Glatt Maschinenbau GmbH Abensberg, Germany centrotherm photovoltaics USA Inc. Beverly, Massachusetts centrotherm photovoltaics Italia S.r.I Treviso centrotherm photovoltaics Asia Pte. Ltd. Taiwan, Singapore centrotherm photovoltaics Technology Shanghai Co. Ltd. Shanghai 4
Presence in Germany centrotherm photovoltaics AG Johannes-Schmid-Straße 8 89143 Blaubeuren, Germany Phone: +49(0)7344-9188 803 Fax: +49(0)7344-9188 388 info@centrotherm.de www.centrotherm.de FHR Anlagenbau GmbH, Dresden centrotherm photovoltaics Headquarters, Blaubeuren Glatt Maschinenbau GmbH, Abensberg centrotherm SiTec GmbH, Burghausen GP Solar, Konstanz GP Inspect GmbH, Martinsried 5
Headquarters in Blaubeuren 2008/2009 - construction of: Production plant: 51.324 m² Management and information center: 5.185 m² New Training Center: 2.566 m² 6
Market Positioning Comprehensive Photovoltaic Technology Portfolio Value chain crystalline solar cell Thin film Silicon Ingot & Wafer Solar cell Module CIGS Turnkey Fab Turnkey Turnkey Turnkey lines Engineering lines lines lines photovoltaics Key Equipment Key Equipment Key Equipment Fab Engineering Key Equipment centrotherm Consulting Consulting Consulting Consulting Consulting Service Service Service Service Service 7
Portfolio: Major Equipment and Technology new! Silicon & Wafer Solar Cell 2,500 t Silicon Production Plant Equipment (Reactor & Converter, Vent Gas Recovery System) Fab Design Thin Film CIGS* Technology Facility Design Technology Equipment Turnkey & Single Equipment Equipment Module 30/50/60/120 MW Solar Cell Production Plant Sputtering Equipment Selenization Systems 30/50/100 MW CIGS- Thin Film Modules Production Line *CIGS= Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide new! 5/10/30 MW Module Production Lines 8
Main Company Data Key figures 9
Main Company Data Turnkey Market Share Market leader in crystalline solar cell turnkey lines 12% 11% 1,7 GW, 49 lines 26% 51% centrotherm photovoltaics Roth&Rau Schmid Other Source: centrotherm photovoltaics Cumulated sales of c-si lines (until 04/2009, true turnkey and others) Data extracted from centrotherm market analysis on c-si solar cell manufacturing lines. 10
centrotherm photovoltaics Outline - About centrotherm - Market - Solar cell line - PV module line - Thin-film line 11
Market Development 110 100 GW production volume centrotherm photovoltaics AG Market & Technology Research 90 80 70 60 50 40 sunny take-off wave of start-ups start of mass production silicon shortage high margins consolidation phase industry consolidation price decline grid parity utility take-off bright future PV = established industry reduced cost 30 20 10 grid parity consumer take-off 0 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 subsidy driven consumer grid parity off-grid utility grid parity 12
Economic Considerations Grid parity (consumer) World 2010 (3.0 /Wp) 0.40 Avera age household electricity pr rice in /kwh 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 Installed System Price 3 / Wp Germany bubble size = market size France Italy Taiwan Greece Portugal Spain California Hawaii Australia Grid Parity 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 Sun Irradiation [kwh/m²/year] India Texas 13
US Market Renewable Portfolio Standard (mandatory in 25 states) Sep 16th, 2009: California: 30% by 2020 14
US Market American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, ARRA, of 2009 (or Stimulus Package ) Total $787bn Clean Tech: $78bn Renewable Energy*: $6bn - *incl. elec. transimssion i technologies Energy Efficiency R&D: $2.5bn Extend ITC tax credit until 2014: $13bn Home energy credit*: $4.3bn - *to provide an expanded credit to homeowners who make - their homes more energy-efficient i in 2009 and 2010 As part of the above Department of Treasury: $2.3bn Department of Energy, DOE: $2bn DOE will provide up to $30bn in loan guarantees, depending on the applications and market conditions, for renewable energy projects (deadline dli for applications Sep 15, 2009) 15
US Market Players in the field of PV Photon Int l 04/2008 16
centrotherm photovoltaics Outline - About centrotherm - Market - Solar cell line - PV module line - Thin-film line 17
Crystalline Solar Cell Turnkey Line Leading technology in turnkey solutions Leading technology in direct plasma PECVD nitride layers Process Equipment Direct plasma nitride layer POCl 3 diffusion Highest process performance Low cost of ownership Processes: diffusion, oxidation, PECVD, LPCVD and annealing Market leadership Wafer Inspection System Quality control and sorting of raw solar wafers in terms of Geometry Mechanical stability Resistivity Thickness Carrier lifetime Leading in Efficiency: Mono-crystalline: 18+% Yield: Multi-crystalline: 16.6% 6% 96% Inspection System Inline system Conveyer Furnaces Inline solar cell production Highest throughput Low cost of ownership Checking optical quality of metal print pattern Direct feedback to the operator Different types for: drying (type HTO), sintering (type FF) or combination (type FF-HTO) Market leadership 18
Solar Cell Factory FlexLine Fab Layout 60 MWp 25m 60m Wet chemical processing Diffusion Anti reflective coating Metallization Edge Isolation (Laser) Testing / Sorting Cassette loading Auxiliary tools 19
Solar Cell Factory High Efficiency FlexLine Plus Fab Layout 120 MWp 20
centrotherm photovoltaics Outline - About centrotherm - Market - Solar cell line - PV module line - Thin-film line 21
Solar Module Factory - Layout Modules Module Tester Glass Laminator Layup Station Interconnection Stringer Cells 22
Crystalline Solar Module Production Line Turnkey Packages Light Line: part-automated, t t 5-15 MWp/a Midi Line: automated, 30 MWp/a Maxi Line: fully automated, 30-100 MWp/a Quality Assurance Advanced inspection by GP Solar inline monitoring Support Feasibility studies & business plans Certification & training Purchase & sales Consultancy services (e.g. line optimization cell -> module production) Automated equipment (Maxi Line) Stringer Lay-up station Laminator Trimming Framing and junction-box setting Module tester Packaging 23
Inspection Tools / Front End Incoming cell inspection and stringing process Offline Mechanical stability testing µ-crack by E-Luminescence Inline Cell quality inspection Optical breakage detection and cell positioning Visual string-control Electrical string-control 24
Inspection Tools / Back End Inspection before and after lamination process Visual string adjustment in the layup for matrix structure Infrared / Electroluminescence inspection Electroluminescence Thermography Quality control of the laminate after the laminator (blur of strings, control of blister, string positioning) IV-measurement and classification; Highpot-Test t 25
Efficiency Difference of Multi- and Mono-crystalline Modules Multi Mono versus Basis: 60 cells per module, module area: 1,64 m² Multi Mono FlexLine FlexLine+ FlexLine FlexLine+ Cell efficiency 16,0% 16,6% 17,2% 18,0% Encapsulated cell efficiency 15,6% 16,0% 16,4% 17,0% Module power 227 W 234 W 236 W 244 W Area utilization 88,9% 88,9% 87,4% 87,4% Module efficiency 13,9% 14,2% 14,4% 14,9% Cell efficiency represents the guaranteed values in centrotherm turnkey lines. The cell and therefore module power are above industry standard. 26
centrotherm photovoltaics Outline - About centrotherm - Market - Solar cell line - PV module line - Thin-film line 27
Thin Film Turnkey Line Products & Services Facility design CIGS technology: Fab design - High degree of efficiency (20% in Engineering the laboratory) Key equipment - Highest potential for reducing production costs ( /Wp) Technology Selenium System Atmospheric pressure deposition Internal automated t handling tools Exhaust treatment to recover excess selenium - No use of toxic process gases - Free choice of cover glass - No degradation - Very short cycle times Sputter Equipment Deposition of: front contact (Zinc Oxide) metal back contact (Molybdenum) absorber film (Copper-Gallium-Indium) 28
Thank you for your attention! centrotherm photovoltaics USA Contact: Frank Faller, PhD Managing g Director centrotherm photovoltaics USA Inc. 100 Cummings Center, Suite 228-G Beverly, MA, Tel +1 978 944 1997 Fax +1 978 Email: frank.faller@centrotherm.de 29