Valves for Autoclave Processes Engineered Solutions for the Mining & Minerals Industry

Valves for Autoclave Processes Engineered Solutions for the Mining & Minerals Industry

Continued research and development programs, solid proven designs and innovative coatings along with superior service and valve management partnerships have given MOGAS a distinct reputation as a leader in this field.

Global Experience Autoclave Valve Solutions The majority of all autoclaves worldwide use MOGAS severe service ball valves. Pressure leaching and oxidation are two of the most demanding extraction methods in the mining industry and require dependable, time-tested severe service valves and coatings. Whether leaching with acid injection or oxygen, the valves used in these plants must withstand corrosive and abrasive slurries, as well as endure punishing temperatures and pressures. For several decades, MOGAS has been the leading provider of severe service metal-seated ball valves in autoclave applications such as HPAL (High Pressure Acid Leach) and POx (Pressure Oxidation). Reliable valve operation is crucial, since these plants are often located close to the ore beds making travel challenging, should service be required. Harsh media and tough operating conditions make a proven, application-specific valve design essential to the economic performance of the operation. Copyright 05/2012 MOGAS Industries, Inc. www.mogas.com Valves for Autoclave Processes 3

Delivering Value Solutions for Challenging Environments COATING DEVELOPMENTS THE LEARNING YEARS Dependable coatings are a critical part of the process due to the acidic nature involved with hydrometallurgical leaching. MOGAS quickly learns that understanding operational concerns translates to improved product development. Both application methodology and the composition of the coating are constantly reviewed and tested to provide superior performance. MOGAS patents proprietary coatings technology and application-specific seat designs. MOGAS coatings advancements result from lab research, field data and experiences. Because of our autoclave expertise, MOGAS is recognized and trusted to repair and modify competitors inferior valves. 1973 Louis Mogas founded MOGAS Industries, Inc. 1980 Development of HVOF applied Chromium Carbide coating 1992 Established certified coater; began research & development coating program 1997 1998 Entered autoclave industry with first POx project 2000 Advancements of coating development targeting autoclave applications 2002 Introduced autoclave-specific valve design 1985 1987 Advancements of HVOF applied Chromium Carbide coating 1993 Developed proprietary fusion Chromium Carbide coating 1999 Established local inventory and repair services in Australia 2000 First to apply TiO 2 coating in HPAL & POx applications 2002 Introduced application-specific tracking seat valve design 1999 First HPAL installation 2001 US patent issued to MOGAS for nano-tio 2 (M1) coating 2002 Converted and upgraded competitor s valves in POx service, adding superior MOGAS features and coatings Valves for Autoclave Processes 4 Copyright 05/2012 MOGAS Industries, Inc. www.mogas.com

PROVING PERFORMANCE PROVEN EXPERTISE Continued scientific research and development, along with technical alliances, ensure MOGAS valves are never a critical path concern. MOGAS commits to supporting global autoclave sites with additional service facilities worldwide. Introduction of electraulic actuation reduces overall envelope size and weight, while adding valve intelligence. Based on proven performance and customer needs, MOGAS introduces the Managing Operation and Repair Expenses (MORE) program. For optimal valve performance, MOGAS introduces Valve Management Program (VMP online) to collect and analyze valuable client-specific data. Strategically, the MOGAS engineering, sales and service teams provide ongoing technical support by integrating data from scientific research, field reports and customer feedback. 2004 Awarded major POx autoclave order for valves with patented coating 2004 Signed first exclusive 3-year service & supply contract with autoclave customer 2005 Introduced first electraulic actuator into autoclave applications 2005 Awarded significant HPAL order to supply all valves with nano-tio 2 (M5) coating 2006 Developed valve management software (VMP online) 2007 Opened MOGAS facility in Perth, Australia 2007 Developed customized coating for major customer qualification 2009 Working with leading autoclave engineering firm, developed MOGAS rapid depressurization control valve for autoclaves 2010 Significant advancement of M5+++ coating 2011 Continued research & development for M6 coating 2007 Established local coating facility in Perth, Australia 2009 Introduced customizable asset management plan 2011 2012 Only MOGAS was awarded all autoclave projects worldwide 2008 Continued coating research 2009 Opened European service center Copyright 05/2012 MOGAS Industries, Inc. www.mogas.com Valves for Autoclave Processes 5

Dependable Design Solves Isolation Challenges in Autoclave Processes To ensure operational efficiency and safety of mineral ore processing facilities, the isolation of pumps, vessels and other equipment is critical. Exposure of isolation valves to aggressive wear in extremely corrosive environments necessitates mechanical integrity, enhanced reliability and maximum life. Thus, quick quarter-turn rotary isolation valves, providing absolute shut-off and reliable sealing, make MOGAS valves the perfect solution to these tough installations. The superior design and quality of MOGAS valves reduces maintenance and eliminates valve- 3 2 4 5 related downtime providing a greater overall return on investment. 2 8 9 12 7 6 10 7 1 11 Valves for Autoclave Processes 6 Copyright 05/2012 MOGAS Industries, Inc. www.mogas.com

Item Valve Features Operational Benefits Value to Plant Performance 1 Forged body & end connections Greater wall thickness in critical areas Valve integrity under severe conditions Corrosion allowance Longer valve life 2 Dual-guided stem design Eliminates lateral movement of stem Prevents stem packing leaks Inner stem seal Valve stem bushing Serves as lower stem guide and pressureenergized stem seal Acts as coated thrust bearing with low friction coefficient, minimizing overall valve torque Serves as upper stem guide, securing true positioning for valve stem in packing chamber during actuation Prevents solids access to packing box Prevents galling, binding and side-loading of stem Eliminates side-loading during actuation Prevents stem packing leaks 3 Blowout-proof stem design Can be designed in accordance to API 6D drive train One-piece design with corrosion allowance Withstands severe service torques and maximum working pressures Ensures packing integrity is maintained 4 Live-loaded packing Ensures constant packing energization Prevents stem packing leaks 5 Heavy-duty mounting flange Patent-pending design minimizes stresses and maintains precise stem alignment Supports actuators Reduces overall valve cost 6 Floating ball design Rotates within its own sphere Does not displace solids Straight-through bore path Locked-in downstream seat Sealing surfaces not exposed to media Prevents slurry build-up behind downstream seat Upstream seat configuration ensures evacuation of solids during cycling 7 Independent replaceable seats Field replaceable, minimizing repair times Reduces repair costs 8 Wide seat sealing surface Seats are mate-lapped to ball for 100% contact at all times Provides greater sealing contact area 9 Pressure-energized sealing Belleville-shaped seat spring maintains constant sealing contact between ball & seats Reliable isolation Greater sealing integrity to withstand minor scratches or abrasions Ensures correct position, seal and proper loads at all times 10 Application-specific coatings Proprietary and patented nano-tio 2 Reduces refurbishment costs Corrosion tested against H 2 SO 4 acid slurry Extends valve life, thus extending run time High bond strength with 10,000 psi minimum 11 Application-specific materials Erosion and corrosion resistance Reliable endurance of critical path valves Note: Optional inlays, liners and purge ports available as required. Copyright 05/2012 MOGAS Industries, Inc. www.mogas.com Valves for Autoclave Processes 7

Application Specific Designs For Autoclave Processes Many of our design advancements are the direct result of creating applicationspecific solutions to address the demanding conditions of autoclave processes. Improve Reverse Pressure Sealing Preventing solid particle contamination of critical sealing areas is crucial to maintaining dependable sealing properties in HPAL and POx processes. To address this need, MOGAS developed an application-specific tracking seat design to improve reverse pressure sealing. Using a proprietary elastomeric o-ring material that allows the primary seat to track with the ball in reverse pressure sealing situations, this design is engineered to maintain constant contact between the ball and seats during pressure shifts. This constant contact ensures continuous wiping action that leaves the sealing surfaces free of solids. Tracking Seat Design E D B A C D Normal Pressure During normal pressure, the ball shifts toward the primary sealing seat (normally oriented downstream). The seat springs behind each seat apply the needed force to maintain constant contact with the ball. In addition, the primary sealing seat employs an o-ring to provide a secure seal between the seat and body. Tracking Seat Valve Design D E B A C D A B C D E Ball (in closed position) Primary Sealing Seat Secondary Seat Belleville Spring O-ring Seal Reverse Pressure During reverse pressure, the ball shifts toward the secondary seat. Again, the seat springs behind each seat apply the needed force to maintain constant contact with the ball, while the o-ring provides a secure seal between the seat and body. The reverse seat ring creates a secondary seal against landing area. Valves for Autoclave Processes 8 Copyright 05/2012 MOGAS Industries, Inc. www.mogas.com

Rotary Control Technology for Controlled Rapid Autoclave Blowdown Control Technologies Traditionally, brick-lined autoclaves in both HPAL and POx leaching processes have a requirement to be depressurized or blown down due to process upsets, emergency situations, or to allow access for essential maintenance, equipment replacement or failure. Typical control valves are limited by rangeability and capacity therefore, it takes longer to completely depressurize the autoclave, negatively impacting the profitability and efficiency of the plant. Unlike linear control valves, the FlexStream rotary control technology can significantly reduce blowdown times for the autoclave, while still limiting the rate of temperature drop to protect the brick lining from thermal shock. Using a torturous path technology combined with a typical hydraulic diameter opening, FlexStream technology provides multi-stage letdown with an unprecedented rangeability in excess of 300:1. By using rotary control technology, blowdown times can be significantly reduced, resulting in a substantial positive impact on run times and costs. The Velocity Control (VC) trim consists of a number of passageways that are engineered within the bore, creating a torturous path made of right angle turns. The principle operation of the torturous path is to control the pressure drop at each right angle turn, limiting the velocity. With less velocity, there is reduced erosion and vibration. Example of Rapid Depressurization Valve B A B C Isolation Valve Control Valve Rapid Depressurization Valve VENT During rapid blowdown of the clave, the vent line is used to reduce pressure and temperature to a point of safety. A A C QUENCH VESSEL When the clave temperature is above 140 C (284 F), the brick lining can only withstand a drop in temperature of 10 C / hour (18 F / hour). Typical control valves (B) can only drop temperature approximately 5 C / hour (9 F / hour). Adding a valve (C) with FlexStream rotary control technology, using multi-stage letdown, could improve the rate of temperature drop to 10 C / hour (18 F / hour). GAS CLAVE WITH BRICK LINING Once the clave temperature falls below 140 C (284 F), depressurization can progress quickly. This is where the advantage of using FlexStream technology becomes even more evident. The larger hydraulic opening can then be used to depressurize as quickly as possible, during a much shorter timeframe. SLURRY In a typical shutdown, as much as 12 hours could be saved, which results in additional run times and increased revenue. Copyright 05/2012 MOGAS Industries, Inc. www.mogas.com Valves for Autoclave Processes 9

High Pressure Acid Leaching (HPAL) Punishing Conditions for Severe Service Valves High Pressure Acid Leaching (HPAL) was developed to extract mineral from concentrate nickel laterite ores by injecting an acid lixivant and high pressure steam into slurry feed in an autoclave vessel. The high operating pressures and temperatures, combined with the acidic slurry, create a highly corrosive and erosive environment. These conditions can deteriorate the integrity and sealing abilities of inferior valves used in these applications. MOGAS field service technicians on-site during start-up of both autoclave plant and slurry transport pipeline at this remote location. MOGAS application-specific valve designs, material selections, and proprietary coatings have been proven effective for autoclave processes. Displaying twice the wear resistance and significantly greater fracture toughness than others, our proprietary coatings are verified to be resistant to corrosion in both autoclave vapor and slurry environments. 10-inch 600 class MOGAS valves with electraulic actuators installed at a nickel HPAL operation. Multiple MOGAS valves were chosen with confidence to handle the punishing discharge system, one of the toughest applications in the operation. Valves for Autoclave Processes 10 Copyright 05/2012 MOGAS Industries, Inc. www.mogas.com

HP HEATER VENT 2 2 2 2 1 DRAIN STEAM 6 STEAM DRUM 8 8 9 QUENCH VESSEL POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP DISCHARGE FLASH VESSEL POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP 3 3 3 3 7 7 7 7 7 10 7 10 ACID 4 4 5 1 HP Heater Drain Valve 2 HP Heater Isolation Valve 3 Slurry Feed Pump Isolation Valve 4 Acid Valve 5 Acid Drain Valve 6 Steam Supply Control Valve 7 Steam Valve 8 Vent Valve 9 Rapid Depressurization Valve 10 Discharge Valve Copyright 05/2012 MOGAS Industries, Inc. www.mogas.com Valves for Autoclave Processes 11

Pressure Oxidation (POx) Reliable Isolation Under Pressure The Pressure Oxidized (POx) autoclave circuit is a hydrometallurgical process that recovers minerals from sulphide ores by injecting oxygen into slurry in an autoclave vessel. Operating at high pressures and temperatures, the exothermic POx process generates heat and acid. This creates an oxygen rich environment where components require exotic materials, such as super duplex and Ti-niobium, to prevent flash ignition. Large Asian mining complex maintains operational reliability in its autoclave utilizing MOGAS severe service ball valves. MOGAS patented coating is a critical component to dependability of valve performance. This 6-inch 900 class vent valve has been in operation since 1999. From field analysis, MOGAS has learned that the importance of material selection can also affect the geometry of a valve during thermal expansion potentially jeopardizing its sealing integrity. Exotic materials, coating types and application methods require extensive knowledge of metallurgical properties and a full understanding of the POx process when oxidizing metals such as gold, copper or uranium. Building on years of global experience, MOGAS engineers provide application-specific valve solutions and superior coatings to address safety concerns while maximizing the profitability of the plant. This 10-inch 300 class discharge valve has been designed with purge ports per the customer s request. Valves for Autoclave Processes 12 Copyright 05/2012 MOGAS Industries, Inc. www.mogas.com

OXYGEN DRUM VENT 6 QUENCH VESSEL STEAM 4 4 4 5 2 STEAM DRUM 4 4 4 5 QUENCH DISCHARGE FLASH VESSEL POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP 1 8 9 8 9 8 9 7 1 3 3 3 7 1 Slurry Feed Pump Isolation Valve 2 Steam Supply Control Valve 3 Steam / Quench Valve 4 Oxygen Valve 5 Vent Valve 6 Rapid Depressurization Valve 7 Discharge Valve 8 Quench Valve 9 Steam Valve Copyright 05/2012 MOGAS Industries, Inc. www.mogas.com Valves for Autoclave Processes 13

Total Cost of Ownership Determining Economic Value of Investments Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) analysis often shows there can be a large difference between the price of something and its long term costs. Several analytical methods can be used to justify the purchase of capital equipment such as critical valves but it really comes down to getting the expected performance you purchased. The potentially diminished performance of a valve can cause a significant reduction in the plant s ability to generate revenue. When evaluating a financial investment, all aspects of operating and maintaining severe service valves should be just as important as the initial purchase price. To protect such economic considerations, original valve manufacturers need to validate their commitment to a specific market through continuous innovation and advancements, always seeking to extend the life of the valve. Key Components to TCO MOGAS integrates many activities into their daily business to help focus on providing the best metal-seated ball valve available in the world. Teams are dedicated to research and analysis, coatings development, and product advancements, along with asset management and field service agreements. Without these important capabilities to back up the purchase of a valve, ownership is similar to buying a car without any tires or a set of keys for the ignition. You bought it, but it is really not functional. COATINGS DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH & ANALYSIS CONTINUOUS INNOVATION & ADVANCEMENTS PRODUCT ADVANCEMENTS FIELD SERVICE Discovering All the Numbers When planning a severe service valve purchase, here are some important numbers to consider: Purchase price (including actuation) Spare parts / replacement valve(s) Cost if critical path valve fails Inventory costs to stock / insurance costs Downtime / lost availability of clave Service / removal & installation costs Value of plant / personnel safety $ $ $ $ $ $ $ This is just a partial list, but it emphasizes the importance of total cost of ownership, and understanding the true return on investment or the avoidance of outrageous loss of revenue due to downtime. The following pages explain in more detail a few of the ways in which MOGAS provides much more than just a metalseated ball valve. Valves for Autoclave Processes 14 Copyright 05/2012 MOGAS Industries, Inc. www.mogas.com

OEM Advantages The Service Provider Difference Initial cheap fixes to your repairs and spare parts are not worth any potential long term risks that may be controlling the operations of your plant which directly equates to your profitability. This table provides some distinct differences and advantages between Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) and Replicators (Non-OEM). Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) Fully aware of all scientific and technical nuances applied to the manufacture and performance of the valve. Very subtle changes can make big differences in valve performance. Invest heavily in the specifics of the industries they serve. Advantage OEM P P Non OEM Replicator (Non-OEM) Can only attempt to reverse engineer. Unaware of design intent. Not typically involved in these types of efforts. Only there for immediate fix and revenue. MOGAS is the only OEM that services its own valves in autoclave applications around the world. Proprietary coatings and manufacturing procedures developed over decades. Improvements are made in order to manufacture and sell the next valve, not simply the next repair. P Goal is to provide momentary reactive procedures. Leaving problems unresolved guarantees repeat business. Justifiable investments in the science of metallurgy to gain significant technological expertise and equipment. P Many consider this a non-essential step in regards to their ability to bring in revenue. Numerous global experiences. P Application experience limited to geographic location. Spend extensive resources and dollars testing coatings, designs and performance. P Replicators will often try to imitate a proprietary coating, not fully understanding the relationships between base materials & coatings as well as consequences to valve performance if coating is too thick or thin, etc. Know the history of product developments, coating improvements, design changes, etc. P Can only guess about certain changes or new developments for a particular product. Copyright 05/2012 MOGAS Industries, Inc. www.mogas.com Valves for Autoclave Processes 15

Service Global Capabilities Factory Service Authorized Repair Center Valve Automation Center We provide exceptional service for unique locations everyday, everywhere. Service Excellence in Action When you select MOGAS products, service is a big part of what comes with them. The MOGAS commitment to service means more than basic repairs. It also means timely access to our knowledgeable and experienced team of experts anytime, anywhere in the world. And when our team becomes part of your team, you can trust that we will do everything we can to come through for you. When you have a problem, our technical advisors get to the root of it. They will look at your entire application to accurately identify and solve the issue. Using a comprehensive approach helps you improve equipment reliability and operational efficiency, as well as reduce costs. Our core services include: Project Support Installation, startup and commissioning Shutdown planning and implementation Procurement and contract management Repair, Refurbish & Customization 24-hour emergency response Troubleshooting Valve performance analysis 3D finite analysis High pressure testing Online repair documentation Preventive Maintenance Complete system inspection Routine maintenance, valve repacking Valve asset management Valves for Autoclave Processes 16 Copyright 05/2012 MOGAS Industries, Inc. www.mogas.com

Asset Management Plan Optimize Your Investment Getting more value for every dollar is now more important than ever. To help minimize your total cost of ownership while truly benefiting from predictive maintenance, MOGAS offers the MORE Asset Management Plan a totally customizable valve purchase and service plan. Whether you buy a few valves or several hundred valves, you can choose from a variety of options to help optimize your investment. On-site Services Start-up and commissioning assistance Field support and troubleshooting Quarterly walkdowns Major shutdown planning Managed Inventories Revolving consignment inventory (located and managed at MOGAS facility) On-site inventory (for emergency use) Walkdown Evaluations On-site inspection of installed valves Customized reports Valve Management Program (Online) Initial setup, input, links to P&ID and maintenance reports Repair history Performance analysis reports Incident reports Valve repair cost Valve torques Revised bills of material Revised drawings Predictive / preventive maintenance recommendations Technical Assistance Dependable Operation Preventive Maintenance Data Collection Proactive Communications Value Pricing Certified Training Lunch-n-learns Valve installation & operation (hands-on) Maintenance & troubleshooting Copyright 05/2012 MOGAS Industries, Inc. www.mogas.com Valves for Autoclave Processes 17

Confidence for Tomorrow A Warranty is Not a Performance Guarantee CONFIDENCE PREDICTABILITY RISK FREE DECISIONS IMPROVED SAFETY ENHANCED RELIABILITY LESS DOWNTIME ANTICIPATED BUDGETS Only from MOGAS Due to continuous years of research and development, coating improvements, proven manufacturing techniques and application experience, we now offer an unprecedented application-specific PERFORMANCE GUARANTEE on our metal seated isolation and control valves. Years of continual valve performance analysis, field reports and statistical service data from around the globe provide the information required to guarantee our valves for a performance time period. Now every MOGAS valve comes with a statistically driven, application-specific PERFORMANCE GUARANTEE plus a Lifetime Warranty on materials and workmanship. Valves for Autoclave Processes 18 Copyright 05/2012 MOGAS Industries, Inc. www.mogas.com

Severe Service The MOGAS Definition Extreme temperatures High pressures Abrasive particulates Acidic products Heavy solids build-up Critical plant safety Large pressure differentials Velocity control Noise control MOGAS Industries, Inc. Headquarters 14330 East Hardy Street Houston, TX, USA 77039-1405 Phone: +1.281.449.0291 Fax: +1.281.590.3412 E-mail: mogas@mogas.com Europe Phone: +44 (0)116.279.3367 China Phone: +86 (0)10.84549478 Australia Phone: +61 (0)8.9456.3533 For other MOGAS locations or a distributor in your area, visit us online at www.mogas.com Copyright 05/2012 MOGAS Industries, Inc. www.mogas.com MOGAS Industries reserves the right to make modifications, alterations or updates to this document. Check our website for the most current information.