Strategic Perspective of Water losses in South African Municipalities Presented by Allestair Wensley Chief Engineer : Water Services Planning Water Services Master Class # 1 17 18 April 2012 Goudini Spa, Western Cape
Contents Water Loss & Water Demand Management What is it? Why is it important in South Africa? Results DWA Reconciliation studies WRC NRW studies DWA MuSSA Challenges Conclusions and Recommendations Future actions
In a well managed water distribution system... the input volume will be known, leaks will be fixed, consumers will be metered and billed, few disruptions in supply, consumers will be penalised if they waste water assets are known and will be maintained
National NRW (2009) Situation is far from ideal!!!!
President Jacob Zuma: Role players What? half the current water loss When? by 2014 Who? DWA Treasury DBSA Office of the Presidency Municipalities!!!
DWA Water Resources All Towns Reconciliation Studies Need to optimise limited resources!!!!
National NRW Assessment based on the standard IWA Water Balance System input Authorised consumption Water loss Billed consumption Unbilled consumption Commercial losses Physical losses Revenue water Non-revenue water
Water balance and KPI s Minimum Information Required Input volume Billed metered consumption Billed unmetered consumption which include Free basic water + flat rate consumption Calculate Non-revenue water : volume and % Calculate litres per capita per day
Municipal Categories A : Metropolitan municipalities (x6) B1 : Major cities 21 x secondary cities, municipalities with largest budgets B2 : Minor cities - 29 x municipalities with a large town as core B3 : Rural dense - 111 x municipalities with large urban population but no large town B4 : Rural scattered 70 x municipalities with mainly rural population and maybe small town as core
Strategic Perspective % NRW Metros (A) are below national average extensive WC/WDM programmes in most Large city (B1) municipalities above average limited WC/WDM programmes, capacity, etc Small city (B2) municipalities below average assume it is easier to manage Dense rural (B3) municipalities on average - various levels of implementation Scattered rural (B4) municipalities very high standpipes with limited metering and billing
Strategic Overview Category % NRW l/c/d % Potential Assessment Records A 34.3 291 84.0 6 of 6 (100%) B1 41.3 241 63.6 20 of 21 (95%) B2 30.5 229 65.7 26 of 29 (90%) B3 37.0 164 55.7 55 of 111 (50%) B4 72.5 65 46.4 25 of 70 (36%) National 36.8 235 59.2 132 of 237 (56%)
l/c/d Strategic Perspective Metros (A) have highest l/c/d due to wet industries Large (B1) and Small (B2) city municipalities on average some wet industries, wide spread of data (73 to 466 l/c/d) Dense rural (B3) municipalities on average wide spread of data (29 to 661 l/c/d) Scattered rural (B4) municipalities below average - low (standpipes) level of service
System Input Volume (Kl /annum) % Non-revenue Water Preliminary National NRW Assessment Municipal NRW Water Balance: National 3 500 000 000 100% 3 000 000 000 Non-revenue water 90% 80% 2 500 000 000 70% 2 000 000 000 1 500 000 000 1 000 000 000 Revenue water 33.8% 35.3% 35.5% 27.8% 29.2% 30.0% 60% 50% 40% 30% 500 000 000 0 Based on 122 data sets of a potential 237 municipalities 20% 10% 0% Jun-05 Jun-06 Jun-07 Jun-08 Jun-09 Jun-10 Billed metered consumption Billed unmetered consumption Non-Revenue water % Non-revenue Water
50.0% % Non-revenue water per province % Non-revenue water 45.0% 44.6% 42.9% 42.0% 40.0% 35.0% 36.2% 35.9% 34.1% 35.5% 30.0% 27.2% 29.2% 25.0% 24.3% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0%
City of Cape Town Metro Nelson Mandela Bay Metro City of Johannesburg Metro Tlokwe Govan Mbeki George City of Matlosana Municipality Steve Tshwete Rustenburg Buffalo City Polokwane Newcastle Emalahleni King Sabata Dalindyebo Mossel Bay Makana Metsimaholo Mafikeng Oudtshoorn Nokeng Tsa Taemane Midvaal Moqhaka Knysna Hibiscus Coast The KwaDukuza Dihlabeng Ndlambe Lesedi Cape Agulhas umuziwabantu Tswelopele Kouga Karoo Hoogland Abaqulusi Hessequa Musina Umjindi Delmas Great Kei Baviaans Siyathemba Mafube Breede River/Winelands Cederberg Gamagara Nkonkobe Bitou Mantsopa Letsemeng edumbe Nama Khoi Kopanong emadlangeni Pixley Ka Seme Port St Johns Mbizana Mhlontlo Mbhashe Moses Kotane Ndwedwe Mnquma Okhahlamba Mandeni Maphumulo Nongoma Ulundi % Non-revenue Water % NRW Distribution / Municipal Category 100% Category 90% A B1 B2 B3 B4 80% 70% 72.5% 60% 50% 41.3% 40% 30% 34.3% 30.5% 37.0% National Average = 36.8% 20% 10% 0%
Australia New Zealand Cambodia Singapore Namibia Belarus Seychelles Gabon Poland Niger Senegal Czech Republic Russia Tunisia Burkina Faso China Lao PDR Benin Mali Lesotho Hungary South Africa Netherlands Antilles Mexico Argentina Cape Verde Bolivia Slovakia Chile Uganda Vietnam Ethiopia Kazakhstan Madagascar Congo, Dem. Rep. Mauritania Bangladesh Pakistan Tajikistan Average Rwanda Uzbekistan Liberia Brazil Burundi Panama Kenya Moldova Peru Ukraine Georgia Paraguay Romania Zambia Guinea Ghana Mauritius Uruguay Bulgaria Mozambique Turkey Macedonia, FYR Bosnia and Herzegovina Kyrgyz Republic Albania Ecuador Armenia % Non Revenue Water International NRW benchmark 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 RSA Average = 36.8% World Average 36.2% 20 10 0 Source : The International Benchmarking Network for Water and Sanitation Utilities (IBNET)
Litres / capita / day 350 Litres / capita / day 300 307 269 250 241 237 240 222 221 200 176 150 147 153 100 50 0
Nelson Mandela Bay Metro ethekwini Metro City of Tshwane Metro Mbombela Polokwane City of Matlosana Municipality Mogale City Newcastle Govan Mbeki Tlokwe Steve Tshwete Sol Plaatjie umhlathuze Msukaligwa Mogalakwena Mafikeng The KwaDukuza Emakhazeni Knysna Moqhaka Dihlabeng Breede Valley Emnambithi-Ladysmith Metsimaholo Midvaal Khara Hais Amahlati Great Kei emadlangeni Hantam Mafube Richtersveld Letsemeng Bergrivier Ramotshere Moiloa Swellendam Lephalale Pixley Ka Seme Ndlambe Swartland Umjindi Hessequa Bela Bela Breede River/Winelands Ngwathe Nama Khoi Karoo Hoogland Kouga Lekwa-Teemane Thembelihle Maluti a Phofung Kgatelopele Umtshezi Gamagara Nyandeni Ntabankulu Ngquza Hill Ezinqoleni Dannhauser Nongoma Umzumbe Okhahlamba uphongolo Ulundi Moses Kotane Mandeni Litres / Capita / Day 700 Municipal l/c/d Distribution /Category Category 600 A B1 B2 B3 B4 500 400 300 291 241 229 National Average = 235 200 164 100 65 0
Average consumption (litres/capita/day) Liberia Rwanda Guinea Burkina Faso Benin Ethiopia Ghana Niger Senegal Uganda Congo, Dem. Rep. Burundi Cape Verde Mali Kenya Bolivia Tunisia Mauritania Albania Turkey Mozambique Uzbekistan Bangladesh Lesotho Pakistan Uruguay Peru Zambia Vietnam Kyrgyz Republic Armenia Slovakia Moldova Singapore Poland Average Hungary Brazil Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Mexico Macedonia, FYR Ecuador China Netherlands Antilles Cambodia Madagascar South Africa Czech Republic Chile Namibia Romania Gabon Mauritius Paraguay Belarus Lao PDR Kazakhstan Ukraine New Zealand Australia Argentina Panama Seychelles Russia Tajikistan Georgia Source : The International Benchmarking Network for Water and Sanitation Utilities (IBNET) International l/c/d benchmark 700 600 500 400 300 RSA Average = 235 l/c/d 200 100 World Average = 177 l/c/d 0
Source : The International Benchmarking Network for Water and Sanitation Utilities (IBNET) Estimated National NRW NRW Based on Available Data Sets Category Population Input (mcm/a) NRW (mcm/a) % NRW l/c/d A 17 420 512 1 849 091 117 634 192 022 34.3% 291 B1 7 756 187 683 667 320 282 585 164 41.3% 241 B2 3 882 070 325 623 095 99 407 207 30.5% 230 B3 3 845 279 230 642 568 85 229 869 37.0% 164 B4 4 245 736 101 138 956 73 334 514 72.5% 65 National 37 149 785 3 190 163 057 1 174 748 776 36.8% 235 Extrapolated NRW for whole country Category Population Input (mcm/a) NRW (mcm/a) % NRW l/c/d A 17 420 512 1 849 091 117 634 192 022 34.3% 291 B1 8 092 611 713 321 335 294 842 273 41.3% 241 B2 4 201 444 352 411 778 107 585 337 30.5% 230 B3 6 705 407 402 195 059 148 624 049 37.0% 164 B4 12 401 732 295 425 394 214 209 031 72.5% 65 National 48 821 707 3 612 444 683 1 399 452 712 38.7% 203
Source : The International Benchmarking Network for Water and Sanitation Utilities (IBNET) Category Estimated Cost of NRW Average Rate (R/kl) Estimated cost to supply water (input volume) Estimated value of NRW A R 5.00 R 9 245.46 R 3 170.96 B1 R 4.50 R 3 209.95 R 1 326.79 B2 R 4.00 R 1 409.65 R 430.34 B3 R 3.50 R 1 407.68 R 520.18 B4 R 3.00 R 886.28 R 642.63 National R 16 159.01 R 6 090.90
Municipal Strategic Self Assessments (MuSSA): Vulnerability Check!
Challenges Poor data quality from municipalities Not all data elements captured by municipalities Data interpretation and feedback to municipalities required to raise awareness and improve data Municipalities need to take ownership of their water loss status quo
Conclusions (1) Current data represents ±76% of population National figures highly influenced by metro and major city data (79% of water supplied) Wide distribution of % NRW (1.5% to 100%) Wide distribution of l/c/d (6 to 661 l/c/d) Potential assessment indicates that WC/WDM is not sufficiently implemented % NRW and l/c/d in line with international trends
Conclusions (2) 105 (44%) of municipalities cannot supply a water balance 36 (15%) of municipalities have never submitted water balance data in a six year period 43 (18%) of municipalities have good water balance data with no gaps or questions
Recommendations Municipalities must be made aware that WDM is a strategic issue in a water scarce country and impacts significantly on water for growth and development Only continuous monitoring, analysis and feedback will improve results Municipalities must take ownership of WCWDM Study provides baseline for future monitoring
Current and Future Actions Educating Stats SA to ensure data quality improves with the 2011 survey The team will be working more closely with: Municipalities Stats SA Dept of Cooperative Governance Auditor General Regulation
Thank You!!!!