WASTE MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY: EXAMPLE FROM EUROPE GERENCIAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS E ECONOMIA CIRCULAR: EXEMPLO DA EUROPA Luís Marinheiro Waste Management Consultant São Paulo Brazil 23.11.2016
PRESENTATION OUTLINE 1. WASTE MANAGEMENT 2. LINEAR ECONOMY AND LOSS OF VALUE 3. WASTE AS A RESOURCE AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY 4. CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND EXAMPLES IN EUROPE 2
WASTE MANAGEMENT The Global Waste Industry & RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Total waste generated Municipal waste 4 billion tonnes 1.6-2.0 billion tonnes Percentage landfill 70% Percentage thermal & waste to energy 11% Recycling & MBT Global population with no waste services 16% 52% (3.5 billion) Global value of industry $433 billion Growth in food waste 2005-2025 44% Impact of food waste on climate change gases Grow from 8-10% 3 Source: Martin Brocklehurst, 2016
WASTE MANAGEMENT Waste generation in Europe by economic activity and households, 2012 (x 10 3 ton) 4 Source: Eurostat, 2016
WASTE MANAGEMENT Waste generation in Europe and treatment by country, 2012 (x 10 3 ton) 5 Source: Eurostat, 2016
WASTE MANAGEMENT MSW generation in Europe by country in 2004 and 2014, sorted by 2014 level (kg per capita) 6 Source: Eurostat, 2016
WASTE MANAGEMENT MSW Production in Europe (kg per capita) 7 Source: Eurostat, 2016
WASTE MANAGEMENT Source: STR/AFP/Getty Images Source: Giora Proskurowski / Sea Education Association Between 7 000 and 35 000 tons of floating plastic (0.20 100 mm in size) in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans combined The growing knowledge on ingestion of plastics by fishes could imply a reservoir comparable in size to the sea surface. Source: Richard James Mendoza/PP/Getty Images 8 Source: Erik van Sebille, 2015
LINEAR ECONOMY AND LOSS OF VALUE Source: TFRM, ISWA, 2015 9
LINEAR ECONOMY AND LOSS OF VALUE MAJOR LIMITATIONS OF A LINEAR ECONOMY Lost of value of materials and products Scarcity of resources, volatile prices The waste generated, environmental degradation & climate change 10 Source: EC, DG Env
LINEAR ECONOMY AND LOSS OF VALUE Source: Chavdarov, Petar. 2015. Impact of Low Oil Prices on Food and Other Commodities. CEIC World Trend Data Talk - June 11, 2015. 11
LINEAR ECONOMY AND LOSS OF VALUE Global Commodity Prices 1992-2015 Source: Index Mundi. 2015. 12
LINEAR ECONOMY AND LOSS OF VALUE BY 2020 UK WILL HAVE 12 MILLION TONNES OF ELECTRONIC WASTE ESTIMATED VALUE: 8 billion GOLD IN MOBILE PHONES 5X MORE CONCENTRATED THAN IN THE ORIGINAL ORE 13 Source: Martin Brocklehurst, 2016
LINEAR ECONOMY AND LOSS OF VALUE EU HEAVILY DEPENDENT ON IMPORTED RAW MATERIALS 14 Source: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database
WASTE AS A RESOURCE AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY Source: EU Towards a circular economy: A zero waste programme for Europe. Brussels 2.7.2014 COM (2014) 398 Final.. 15
WASTE AS A RESOURCE AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY 16 Source: TFRM, ISWA, 2015
WASTE AS A RESOURCE AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY THE WASTE INDUSTRY HAS A CRUCIAL ROLE TO PLAY Optimizing material and energy flows within the circular economy The circular economy is an opportunity for the waste management sector to create new jobs, contribute to economic growth, reduce carbon emissions and dependency on imported raw materials The industry will need new skills, innovation, knowledge and partnerships to reach its potential The sector needs to develop its own roadmap and to build cross-sectoral collaboration to be successful The sector will need to develop new technologies, business models and partnerships in order to meet the future challenges 17
WASTE AS A RESOURCE AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY ENERGY FOR THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY IS CRUCIAL The circular economy relies on energy as much as it does on material feedstock Circular flows will always have a residual waste stream either due to market conditions, technologies available or social barriers The residual waste stream is an important energy source The biodegradable fraction of municipal and industrial waste is an important source for fertilizers, soil improving materials and energy WASTE TO ENERGY IS A KEY PART OF THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY 18
WASTE AS A RESOURCE AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY THE WASTE MANAGEMENT SECTOR IS ALREADY MAKING A PIVOTAL CONTRIBUTION Providing secondary raw materials for production Delivering carbon matter and nutrients for soil improvement Producing carbon neutral energy for electricity, heating & cooling and transportation Displacing primary raw materials and reducing environmental impacts from raw material extraction Supporting new jobs and GDP growth Reducing emissions of greenhouse gases Innovating for the future 19
WASTE AS A RESOURCE AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY TECHNICAL CHALLENGES TO CLOSING MATERIAL LOOPS ARE GROWING Materials deterioration, hazardous substances and new composite materials present real challenges to the circular economy Substantial technical advances are required before we can close material loops Cascade utilization is an effective interim way to extend the life of raw materials Energy recovery is an important end use for complex materials Safe disposal for residues will remain an important component of materials management for the foreseeable future
WASTE AS A RESOURCE AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY INOVATION AND RESEARCH IS KEY TO SUCESS Multi disciplinary teams The deployment of cross sector technologies Economic research to identify and remove distortions in the market place Social research in order to secure behaviour change The waste sector to feed in its knowledge of dealing with residual waste streams 21
WASTE AS A RESOURCE AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY WE ALL NEED TO RECOGNISE WASTE PREVENTION NEEDS MORE EFFORT The waste management sector is already engaged in waste prevention but more effort is needed We need to develop and integrate prevention initiatives into core waste management activities including: awareness training feedback to designers & manufactures engagement with reuse and refurbishing actors the development of new business models that support waste reduction active work with researchers into new materials 22
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND EXAMPLES IN EUROPE EU Circular Economy Package Source: European Commission
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND EXAMPLES IN EUROPE Objectives and Expectations Source: European Commission
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND EXAMPLES IN EUROPE Key Action Areas Production Secondary raw materials Innovation, Investment & Monitoring Consumption Waste Management Source: European Commission
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND EXAMPLES IN EUROPE Production Source: European Commission
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND EXAMPLES IN EUROPE Consumption Source: European Commission
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND EXAMPLES IN EUROPE Waste management Source: European Commission
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND EXAMPLES IN EUROPE Market for secondary raw materials Source: European Commission
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND EXAMPLES IN EUROPE Priority Sectors Plastics Food Waste Critical Raw Materials Construction & Demolition Biomass & Bio-based Products Source: European Commission
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND EXAMPLES IN EUROPE Plastics Objectives Increase recycling efficiency - less than 25 % of plastic waste collected is recycled, and about 50 % is landfilled Key actions Adopt a specific strategy to reduce plastic waste, including marine litter Set a more ambitious target for the recycling of plastic packaging in the framework of a new legislative proposal on waste Source: European Commission
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND EXAMPLES IN EUROPE Food waste Objectives Reach Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) to halve food waste by 2030 today around 100 million tonnes of food are wasted every year in the EU Key actions Develop an EU methodology to measure food waste Create a platform for the SDG on food waste and share best practices and results achieved Clarify EU legislation on waste, food and feed, and encourage food donation Source: European Commission Improve the use and understanding of date marking along the food chain (e.g. best before label)
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND EXAMPLES IN EUROPE Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) Objectives Increase efficient use and recovery of CRMs Key actions Encourage recovery of CRMs, and draft a report on best practices and options for further action at EU level Encourage action by Member States
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND EXAMPLES IN EUROPE Construction & Demolition Objectives Identify and increase recovery of valuable materials Key actions Ensure recovery of valuable resources and adequate waste management in the construction and demolition sector, as well as facilitate assessing the environmental performance of buildings Put in place pre-demolition guidelines to promote highvalue recycling, and voluntary recycling protocols
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND EXAMPLES IN EUROPE 35 Source: EEB, 2015
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND EXAMPLES IN EUROPE Jaguar, UK 36 Source: Martin Brocklehurst, 2016
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND EXAMPLES IN EUROPE Jaguar, UK 37 Source: Martin Brocklehurst, 2016
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND EXAMPLES IN EUROPE LIPOR, Portugal 38 Source: Alexandre Ventura, 2015
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND EXAMPLES IN EUROPE Veolia Plastic Recycling Plant, UK 39 Source: Gary Crawford, 2016
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND EXAMPLES IN EUROPE Veolia Recycling Process for PET Bottle-to-Bottle, Germany 40 Source: Gary Crawford, 2016
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND EXAMPLES IN EUROPE 41 Source: Gary Crawford, 2016
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND EXAMPLES IN EUROPE IKEA, Sweden Vision: Create a better everyday life for the many people By the end of FY15: - all main home furnishing materials, including packaging, will be made from renewable, recyclable or recycled materials - hazardous chemicals will be continuously substituted with healthy and safe alternatives across the value chain and information management about the substances used will be strengthened - the company will be energy independent by being a leader in renewable energy and becoming more energy efficient throughout the operations and supply chain renewable energy equivalent to at least 70% of our energy consumption will be produced. By the end of FY20 IKEA, at Group level, will produce as much renewable energy as it consumes. 42
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND EXAMPLES IN EUROPE Circular Economy of Greater Paris, France 43
Thank you for your attention! See you again in Portugal or in other place in the WORLD! 44
LUÍS MARINHEIRO International Environmental Engineering Consultant Waste Management Consultant Chair of ISWA Working Group on Landfill Member of ISWA Scientific and Technical Committee Member of ISWA European Group Email: lmarinheiro@gmail.com M: +351 919562937 pt.linkedin.com/pub/luís-marinheiro/17/7b/420/ Skype: luis_marinheiro 45
Acknowledgments 46
References 1. ISWA Task Force on Resource Management. Vienna. Austria. (http://www.iswa.org/iswa/iswa-groups/task-forces/) 2. Brocklehurst, Martin. 2015. Circular Economy: Trends and Emerging Ideas. Report 1. ISWA. Vienna. Austria. 3. Andreas Bartl. 2015. Circular Economy: Cycle Loops and Cascades. Report 2. ISWA. Vienna. Austria. 4. Costas Velis. 2015. Circular Economy: Closing the Loops. Report 3. ISWA. Vienna. Austria. 5. Janes Gilbert. 2015. Circular Economy: Carbon Nutrients and Soil. Report 4. ISWA. Vienna. Austria. 6. Tore Hulgaard. 2015. Circular Economy: Energy and Fuels. Report 5. ISWA. Vienna. Austria. 7. Williams-Gaul, Rachel. 2015. Circular Economy: Resources and Opportunities. Report 6. ISWA. Vienna. Austria. 8. IndexMundi. 2015. Commodity Price Indices. (http://www.indexmundi.com/commodities/) 9. Chavdarov, Petar. 2015. Impact of Low Oil Prices on Food and Other Commodities. CEIC World Trend Data Talk - June 11, 2015. (http://www.ceicdata.com/en/blog/impact-low-oil-prices-food-and-other-commodities) 10. World Bank. 2016. Commodity Markets Outlook: Resource development in an era of cheap commodities. World Bank Quarterly Report. April 2016. (http://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets) 11. Sebille, Erik van, et. all.. 2015. A global inventory of small floating plastic debris. Environment Research Letters. Volume 10, Issue Number 12. 12. Crawford, Gary. 2016. Making the Circular Economy a Reality: Examples and Challenges. ISWA Beacon Conference on Circular Economy and Resource Management. 30 March 2016. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 13. Brocklehurst, Martin. 2016. Resource Management & the Circular Economy. APESB Seminar. 10th April 2016. Lisbon. Portugal. 14. Ventura, Alexandre. 2015. The Circular Economy in the Integrated Waste Management of Lipor. International Conference «Waste & Resources Synergies towards a Circular Economy in Greece & Mediterranean Countries». 12nd June 2015. Athens. Greece. 47
References 15. Henry, Perry. Circular Economy Package what's in it?. DG Environment. Unit "Eco-innovation and Circular Economy" 16. European Commission. Circular Economy: Closing the loop An EU Action Plan for the Circular Economy 48