RA Ministry of Nature Protection Development of Armenia s Fourth National Communication to the UNFCCC and Second Biennial Update Report UNDP-GEF/00096445 Project and Czech Trust Fund Feasible Solutions for Application of the Biogas Production from the Agriculture Waste in Armenia Armenia Marriott Hotel, Ararat 1 Hall 16.11.2017
BIOGAS OPPORTUNITY FOR ARMENIA Jan Pavlík UNDP Armenia, 16.11.2017 2
Biogas plants 3
Why to utilize biogas? Purchase guarantee FIT (Feed In Tariff) Production of electricity and heat and their own consumption for energy saving Utilization of organic wastes Production of natural fertilizer for agriculture Synergies with other farm processes Stabilization of company economics - source of income Eco-friendly (CC mitigation arrangement) 4
Biogas plant what does it mean? 5
BGP scheme 6
The origin of the biogas Biogas production is implemented in anaerobic systems. This is a controlled process of biogas production from different types anaerobic microorganisms where the quantitate ratio between each other depends on the materials forming them as well as from рн, the temperature and influences the methane formation process. According to the current knowledge four successive respectively parallel running biochemical processes are differentiated leading to anaerobic decomposition of organic matter 7
4 phases of methane-genezis Hydrolysis During hydrolysis biopolymers are decomposed to monomeric building blocks or other dissolvable basic products. Fats decompose to fatty acids, carbon hydrates as for example polysaccharides are transformed in monosaccharides or oligosaccharides and the proteins in pectins, respectively to amino acids, i.e. the biopolymers in long chains are converted in short chains. Catalyst of this reactions are certain anaerobic microorganisms which acting as reagents hydrolyze the exoenzymes. Acidogenesis Within the acidogenesis /or fermentation/, which starts immediately after the hydrolysis, simple monomers are converted into fatty and carbon acids, as for example butyric, propionic and acetic acid, then in lower alcohols - ethanol. Acetogenesis A biological reaction where the lower fatty and carbone acids as well as the lower alcohols are converted in acetic acid. Methanogenesis A biological reaction where the acetic acids are converted in methane 8
Types of BGP 9
CCF ( circle in circle ) => Heat utilization, subsequent increase in performance Thermophilic operation (control of temperature optima, heat consumption) Mixing system (more intense) Possibility of additional power boost 10
CCF ( circle in circle ) => Reduce costs (construction, technology) Lower construction costs (soft membrane cover of the digester) Lower cost of technology (mixer PD) The larger gas tank capacity 11
SF ( separate digester ) => Low powers, atypical solution For low power Versatility Single-stage fermentation Integrated gas tank 12
What is needed for BGP 13
Minimun requirements on raw materials Min. raw materials for BGP 250kW 500pcs cows 800pcs pigs Min raw materials for BGP 40kW 150 pcs cows 300 pcs pigs Individual combinations of substrates according to farm production (beet pulp, grains, grass silage, manure, etc....) In general waste from agricultural, food and feed production 14
CHP unit gas engine with generator 15
Biogas yield Type of input Dry matter content Organics in dry matter Average yield of biogas Average yield of biogas Specific el. energy production (%) (%) (m3/t org.dry.matt) (m3/t) (kwhe/t) Solid cow manure 20 24 85 260-380 62 134 Poultry manure 29 31 85 480 540 130 283 Beet silage 22-24 85 660 720 135 294 Grass silage 28 35 89 560-660 157 343 Dry grass silage (hay) 29 32 90 470 650 151 329 Corn silage 30 35 96 450-700 209 455 Liquid cow manure 4 8 85 350-500 15 32 Pig manure 4 6 45 370 450 9 20 16
Investment costs 17
Investment costs Based on data from hundreds of projects it can be estimated 4500 EUR per 1kWe installed It means approx. 2.533.500 AMD/1kWe installed (ex. rate 563 AMD/EUR) 40kW plant will cost approx 180.000 EUR/101.340.000 AMD 250kW plant will cost approx 1.125.000EUR/ 633.375.000 AMD 18
Specific conditions in Armenia Greenhouse BGP Mainly tomato and cucumber production Usually 2 harvests 270 t of waste per 1 ha of production + utilization of all heat production - lower space for installation Livestock BGP Cattle, pig, poultry production Big farms average 400 pcs + space for installation + capability to utilize fertilizer in case of fields planting operation - Lower demand for heat (except poultry) Natural gas price 101 AMD/m3 Electricity price 48 AMD/kWh Feed in tarrif 42,645 AMD/kWh 19
Case study 40kWe in small greenhouse 1 ha of production greenhouse, 270 t/year of green waste 270 x 157 = 42.390 m3 of biogas (approx. 4.000.000 AMD spared in NG) 270 x 343= 92.610 kwh/y of electricity; 3.949.353 AMD with FIT 42,645 AMD/kWhe Investment approx. 180.000 EUR/ 101.340.000AMD Income from spared gas + electricity sold + spared/sold fertilizer gives simple payback around 10 years Potential for higher production by mixing with manure (purchased from low cost from the neighbourhood farms) Lower construction works costs (44 % of costs!) The results could be payback period around 8 9 years 20
Example BGP Vrahovice, Czech Republic 21
Basic data investor: ZD Vrahovice start of construction 11/2011 cold start 08/2012 warm start 11.10.2012 co-generation unit JENBACHER declared power: 558kW Feedstock Pig manure Corn silage Beet pulp 22
Digester 23
Digester, feed-in system 24
Digester 25
Agitators ARMATEC 26
Agitators PAULMICHL 27
The inner space of the solid feedstock feed-in system FLIEGL POLYPRO 30 +RONDOMAT 28
Conveyer screws of feed-in system 29
The pumping center 30
Gas tank Digester with integrated gas tank Volume: 1.200 m3 Working pressure: 500 Pa Safety pressure: 650 Pa Membrane diameter: 29,27 m 31
Gas tank - detail 32
Gas tank 33
Separator 34
Operation building 35
CHP Jenbacher 36
Software BGP 37
Gas analyzer SIEMENS 38
Heat distribution 39
The residual gas burner 40
Conclusion Improvement of environment Guaranteed purchase price Longterm income stability of the company Average payback period Low developer market with technology, service availability etc. Tool how to reach country targets in CC/RES 41
Thank you for your attention. Ing. Jan Pavlík Division director ENVIROS, s.r.o. Dykova 53/10, 101 00 Praha 10, Česká republika (+420) 284 007 477 jan.pavlik@enviros.cz www.enviros.cz 42