PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Storm Water Management Barry A. Newman 2005 STORM WATER MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM VILLANOVA UNIVERSITY, VILLANOVA PA October 12, 2005 1
Inches Eastern Pennsylvania Oct 8, 2005 October 10, 2005 3 Quakertown, PA Oct 8, 2005 Temperature Mean Temperature Max Temperature Min Temperature Growing Degree Days Moisture Daily Summary Actual 65 F / 18 C 73 F / 22 C 57 F / 13 C 15 (Base 50) Dew Point Average Humidity Maximum Humidity Minimum Humidity Precipitation Precipitation Sea Level Pressure Sea Level Pressure Wind Wind Speed Max Wind Speed Max Gust Speed Visibility 68 F / 20 C 96 100 94 11.47 in / 29.13 cm 29.79 in / 1009 hpa 7 mph / 11 km/h (SSW) 14 mph / 23 km/h 22 mph / 35 km/h 3 miles / 4 kilometers October 10, 2005 4 2
Quakertown, PA Oct 8, 2005 Precipitation Frequency Estimates (inches) ARI* 5 10 15 30 60 120 3 6 12 24 48 4 7 10 20 30 45 60 (years) min min min min min min hr hr hr hr hr day day day day day day day 2 0.39 0.63 0.79 1.09 1.36 1.63 1.79 2.25 2.76 3.23 3.77 4.19 4.89 5.57 7.47 9.25 11.69 13.98 5 0.46 0.74 0.93 1.32 1.7 2.04 2.24 2.79 3.45 4.06 4.75 5.22 6.03 6.79 8.9 10.78 13.45 15.96 10 0.51 0.81 1.03 1.49 1.94 2.35 2.59 3.24 4.03 4.75 5.54 6.07 6.97 7.76 10.03 11.96 14.78 17.43 25 0.57 0.91 1.15 1.7 2.27 2.78 3.06 3.87 4.86 5.74 6.67 7.26 8.32 9.12 11.55 13.51 16.45 19.28 50 0.61 0.97 1.23 1.85 2.51 3.12 3.43 4.38 5.57 6.58 7.61 8.24 9.43 10.21 12.73 14.68 17.68 20.62 100 0.65 1.03 1.31 2 2.76 3.48 3.82 4.93 6.35 7.49 8.6 9.28 10.6 11.34 13.93 15.83 18.85 21.86 200 0.69 1.09 1.38 2.14 3 3.84 4.22 5.53 7.19 8.47 9.67 10.38 11.85 12.52 15.13 16.97 19.95 23.03 500 0.73 1.16 1.46 2.32 3.33 4.35 4.76 6.36 8.42 9.9 11.19 11.94 13.62 14.15 16.74 18.45 21.31 24.45 1000 0.77 1.21 1.51 2.45 3.58 4.75 5.2 7.04 9.46 11.1 12.44 13.22 15.07 15.45 17.97 19.55 22.3 25.45 October 10, 2005 5 Topics Storm Water Management Overview Act 167 Program Summary and Status Act 167 Project Forecast New Directions Compliance and Enforcement October 6, 2005 6 3
WHEN IT RAINS Pennsylvania is one of the most flood-prone states in the nation. From rural areas to suburban communities, floods - especially flash floods - are a constant concern. - PEMA World Record 4.5-Hour Rainfall 30.8 inches, July 18, 1942, Smethport - NOAA National Records 16 inches, August 5, 1843, Concord 34.5 inches, July 17-18, Smethport October 3, 2005 7 IT DRAINS Easton 2005 and Horsham 2001 McKean and Wayne Counties, 1942 October 3, 2005 8 4
PaDEP s Comprehensive Storm Water Management Policy (9/28/2002) Ensure that activities and plans approved by DEP employ Storm Water Management Plans utilizing best management practices to: Protect and maintain water resources Preserve ground water supplies Maintain stream base flows Protect, preserve, and maintain the physical stability and environmental integrity of waters of the Commonwealth. Construction E&S Control AND Post Construction Storm Water Management are covered October 3, 2005 9 PADEP Perspectives Current Issues in Storm Water Regulations, 2005 A. Permitting and Enforcement B. New Developments and Expected Changes C. Effect of TMDLs on Storm Water Planning D. Conclusion: Revolutionary Change Storm Water is a Resource > Environmental Issues Include runoff quality stream bank erosion ground water recharge dry-weather flow protection + traditional peak flow control October 3, 2005 10 5
Administrative Actions Administrative actions such as approvals of permits and grants must comply with the State Water Quality Standards (25 Pa. Code Chapter 93). Such actions include approvals of: Act 167 Storm Water Management Plans NPDES Storm Water Discharges from Construction Post construction Storm Water Plans NPDES Phase II MS4 Permits (Urban Areas) Dam Safety and Waterway Management (25 Pa.Code Chapter 105) October 3, 2005 11 One State Water Quality Standard ANTIDEGRADATION REQUIREMENT 23 Pa.Code 93.4a 93.4a. Antidegradation. (a) Scope. This section applies to surface waters of this Commonwealth. (b) Existing use protection for surface waters. Existing instream water uses and the level of water quality necessary to protect the existing uses shall be maintained and protected. (c) Protection for High Quality Waters The water quality of High Quality Waters shall be maintained and protected, except as provided in 93.4c(b)(1)(iii) (relating to implementation of antidegradation requirements). (d) Protection for Exceptional Value Waters The water quality of Exceptional Value Waters shall be maintained and protected. October 3, 2005 12 6
Hydrologic Effects of Land Development Disruption of the natural water balance Reduced Evaporation Transpiration Infiltration Base (dry weather) flow Increased Volume of storm water runoff Storm water peak flow rates Frequency of bank-full flows and frequency of flooding October 3, 2005 13 Geomorphologic Effects Stream bank failures (widening & erosion) Degradation of aquatic habitat Decreased channel stability (migration) Loss of pool-riffle structure Decreased stream channel substrate quality Fragmentation of riparian tree canopy (buffer) Rising water temperature October 3, 2005 14 7
Water Quality Effects Surface Water Quality Degradation due to Increased Pollutants Increased water temperature Both sediment and temperature are pollutants October 3, 2005 15 Effects of Development October 3, 2005 16 8
Pennsylvania Storm Water Management.Program Act 167 of 1978 Control Storm Water Runoff from Land Development and Activities Use Watershed Management Approach Is a Planning Program, NOT a Permitting Program October 3, 2005 17 Pa Storm Water Management Act 167 of 1978 Legislative Findings Inadequate management of accelerated runoff of storm water resulting from development throughout a watershed increases flood flows and velocities, contributes to erosion and sedimentation, overtaxes the carrying capacity of streams and storm sewers, greatly increases the cost of public facilities to carry and control storm water, undermines flood plain management and flood control efforts in downstream communities, reduces ground-water recharge, and threatens public health and safety. October 3, 2005 18 9
Act 167-Legislative Findings cont. A comprehensive program of storm water management, including reasonable regulation of development and activities causing accelerated runoff, is fundamental to the public health, safety and welfare and the protection of the people of the Commonwealth, their resources and the environment. October 3, 2005 19 Act 167 Purpose Section 3. Purpose and policy. The policy and purpose of this act is to: (1) Encourage planning and management of storm water runoff in each watershed which is consistent with sound water and land use practices. (2) Authorize a comprehensive program of storm water management designated to preserve and restore the flood carrying capacity of Commonwealth streams; to preserve to the maximum extent practicable natural storm water runoff regimes and natural course, current and cross-section of water of the Commonwealth; and to protect and conserve ground waters and ground-water recharge areas. (3) Encourage local administration and management of storm water consistent with the Commonwealth's duty as trustee of natural resources and the people's constitutional right to the preservation of natural, economic, scenic, aesthetic, recreational and historic values of the environment. October 3, 2005 20 10
WATERSHED PLANNING Planning based on the concept of a Watershed, a Drainage Basin, a Hydrologic Region, or a Hydrologic Study Area (HSA) to benefit wildlife, wildlife habitat, the environment, and the inhabitants of the study area. Considers: Climate Natural hydrologic regime Ground and surface water resources Projected development patterns Other initiatives and projects affecting storm water runoff Existing and future demand for watershed resources Water budgeting and balancing options Regulatory controls and requirements October 3, 2005 21 Effects of Storm Water Plans Local Administration, Regulation, and Enforcement of the Act 167 Storm Water Management Plan State funded projects must be consistent with the Plan Reimbursements (75%/25%) to County and Municipalities for allowable costs October 3, 2005 22 11
Technical Overview of Storm Water Management Planning Pre- Development Infiltration Post- Development Infiltration Development alters the local hydrologic cycle. Reduction in Infiltration, interflow, base flow and evapotranspiration. piration. Increase in Surface Runoff (Volume and Rate). October 3, 2005 23 Storm Water Management Strategy Restore natural hydrologic regime as much as possible Provide water quality treatment for storm water Preserve and restore vegetation and stream buffers. Minimize impacts from storm water. Look at runoff quality, rate, and volume. October 3, 2005 24 12
Administrative Overview Counties: Prepare Plans with Advice of Watershed Plan Advisory Committee Help of consultants Counties pay 25% cost (can include in-kind) DEP reimburses 75% of costs October 3, 2005 25 Municipalities: Advise the county as members of the Watershed Plan Advisory Committee (WPAC) Help gather basic data Review draft plans, maps, and ordinances Implement Act 167 plans Storm Water Municipal Authority Storm Water Improvement BMPs Flood Controls Adopt ordinances! DEP reimburses 75% of allowable costs October 3, 2005 26 13
The Act 167 Process County facilitates the Act 167 process County identifies the scope of projects: entire county individual watershed several watersheds County initiates the Act 167 Process by contacting DEP (letter or e-mail) DEP Works with County Phase 1 Grant (Scope of Work / Level of Effort) Phase 2 Grant follows (Develop the plan) October 3, 2005 27 Phase I: SCOPE OF STUDY Identifies Level of Effort for each Task (Sections 5(b) and 5(c) of Act 167) Schedule for Completion of Each Task Cost Estimate for Each Task ($$$) A Narrative of Consultant Services Benefits and Costs ~2 Meetings of the WPAC October 3, 2005 28 14
Phase II : DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT Excerpts from 1978 Act 167 Sections 5(b) and 5 : 1. Survey of Existing Runoff Characteristics 2. Survey of Existing Significant Obstructions 3. Assessment of Land Development Patterns 4. Floodplain Development and Sensitivity to Damage 5. Survey of Existing Drainage Problems & Solutions 6. Review of Stormwater Systems (including ordinances) New & Existing & Their Impacts 7. Assessment of Alternative Control Measures & Their Efficiencies October 3, 2005 29 Phase II Continued 8. Identify Flood Control Projects & Design Capacities 9. Designate Areas Served By Storm Water Collection Facilities 10. Identify Flood Plains 11. Criteria and Standards to Control Storm Water Runoff: (quality, volume, rate) 12. Priorities For Implementation 13. Provisions for Periodic Reviews, Revisions and Updates to Plan October 3, 2005 30 15
Phase II Continued 14. Provisions to manage storm water so that development or activities in each municipality within the watershed DO NOT adversely affect health, safety, and property within the watershed and to basins to which it is tributary, and 15. Consider and be consistent with other other existing municipal, county, regional, and state environmental and land use plans. Meeting summary (not in the Act) ~5 WPAC ~1 Municipal Engineers ~1 Municipal Solicitors October 3, 2005 31 Goals, Strategy and Analysis Identify watershed specific issues. Identify goals and objectives. Identify strategy to meet goals and objectives? Determine how to regulate development and activities to: Restore and protect water quality, groundwater recharge, and stream banks. Rate and volume controls. Watershed Parameter Constraints? Watershed Modeling (quality, hydrologic, and hydraulic). October 3, 2005 32 16
Watershed Plan Advisory Committee Officials, Engineers, Solicitors, Others All Municipalities located in the Watershed County Conservation District Watershed Groups DEP-Not a voting member of WPAC, but attendance at meetings is beneficial October 3, 2005 33 Watershed Based Stormwater Planning ~372 Designated Watersheds October 3, 2005 34 17
Duty of Persons Developing Land: Implement measures consistent with the Plan comply with ordinances Projects receiving state funds must be consistent with the Plan October 3, 2005 35 SW Planning Status 98 of 372 Watershed Plans Completed 48 of 67 Counties 834 of approximately 2600 Municipalities are covered by an Act 167 Plan 585 Municipalities have enacted ordinances 370 Municipalities with past-due enactments 13 Plans are under preparation or being updated $13 Million (+) Dollars Appropriated from the General Assembly since 1985 October 3, 2005 36 18
ACT 167 PROJECT FORECAST FY Projects Plans Plans with WQ 2005 13 100 41 2006 14 107 46 2007 43 112 50 2008 39 112 55 2009 37 114 65 2010 26 129 75 Current candidates for county-wide coverage: Cumberland, Lawrence, Dauphin, Lycoming, Adams, York October 3, 2005 37 Act 167 Program Challenges Municipal implementation Coordination with other programs TMDL Flood Control Source Water Protection Grants and Loans Funding ($1.2 million / year) October 3, 2005 38 19
Act 167 Program Improvements Efficiency Fewer larger grants (county-wide, multiple- watershed) Streamline model ordinance, guidelines, and grant agreement Model only when necessary and beneficial Single ordinance for each municipality (if possible) Pace Cut cost per watershed Cover more watersheds Results Quicker municipal implementation Improved Guidance Storm Water BMP Manual Rewrite Storm Water Guidelines (new model ordinance & BMP Manual) Enforcement October 3, 2005 39 Act 167 Program Improvements Cont d Improve Guidance (pending) Storm Water BMP Manual New model ordinance Storm Water Guidelines Update Grant Agreements (pending) Phase I Phase II October 3, 2005 40 20
Act 167 Program Improvements Cont d Workshops for county and municipal staffs. Establish priorities for watersheds and counties based on: Stream impairment Population density, total population, and growth Other projects (flood control, GG, stream restoration, ) Implement compliance and enforcement policy. Update brochures, FAQs, handouts, etc. October 3, 2005 41 DRAFT 2005 Model Ordinance Where it will appear on DEP s website: http://www.dep.state.pa.us/ Keyword: Stormwater Click on General Information Click on Draft Documents Click on 2005 Draft Model Storm Water Management Ordinance October 3, 2005 42 21
DRAFT 2005 Model Ordinance cont d Short: 29 pages total May be implemented Anywhere As is (almost) Water quality section Permanently Removed Volume (PRV): 1.0 Infiltration of first 0.5 of PRV is encouraged Extended Detention Volume (EDV): 1.0 Total Water Quality Volume: 2.0 Inches of runoff, not precipitation October 3, 2005 43 DRAFT 2005 Model Ordinance cont d Technical background for water quality volumes Detention Volume Maintaining hydrologic regime of a hypothetical typical natural watershed Permanently Removed Volume / Recharge Volume Hydrologic budget to maintain aquifer Detailed Act 167 watershed studies may determine different water quality volumes based on an analysis of watershed needs Differences between Draft Ordinance and Draft BMP Manual Are minor Will be resolved before both are finalized (by 12/2005) October 3, 2005 44 22
Compliance and Enforcement Municipalities with past due enactment of ordinances DEP helps resolve issues with ordinances (if any) Enforcement will occur Watersheds / Counties Past due submission after public hearing Priorities will be established for watersheds and counties October 3, 2005 45 NPDES MS4 Third year of program 162 Individual Permits 758 General Permits DEP Reviews Applications Annual Reports MS4 Ordinances Enforcement is in progress Permit for systems similar to MS4s is forthcoming Development of 2008 permit is in progress Improve structure / content Expect to see requirements for improvement of storm water quality Act 167 projects can help fund costs for planning via new watershed plans watershed plan updates October 3, 2005 46 23
Summary Storm Water Management at DEP Act 167 Summary and Status Act 167 Project Forecast New Directions (Ordinance, Guidelines, Grant Agreements, BMP Manual) Compliance and Enforcement October 3, 2005 47 Question and Answer Panel Barry Newman Martha Blasberg Kenneth Murin Meg Murphy Jim Newbold Ed Ritzer Dennis Stum October 3, 2005 48 24
Act 167 Contacts Barry Newman 717-772-5661 Tahmina Parvin 717-705-6346 Ed Ritzer 724-769-1069 Lynn Manahan 717-772-5667 DEP Website: www.dep.state.pa.us Keyword: stormwater October 3, 2005 49 25