Water Supply and Water Conservation Management Plan May 2009 Prepared By: AECOM Metropolitan North Georgia Water Planning District
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Water Supply and Water Conservation Management Plan Prepared for: 40 Courtland Street, NE Atlanta, GA 30303 www.northgeorgiawater.org Prepared by: AECOM, Maddaus Water Management, and R2T, Inc. May 2009
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary The Plan Update Process... ES-1 Integration of Planning Efforts... ES-2 Key Changes to the Plan... ES-2 Existing Water Supply and Treatment Facilities... ES-2 Existing Water Supplies... ES-2 Existing Water Treatment Facilities... ES-3 Existing Water Supply Interconnections... ES-3 Existing Interbasin Transfers... ES-3 Water Demand Forecasts... ES-4 Water Conservation Analysis... ES-5 Water Conservation Program... ES-5 Water Supply Sources... ES-6 Water Supply Facilities... ES-7 Water Reuse... ES-8 Local Planning Recommendations... ES-8 Water Supply Issues... ES-9 State and Regional Policy Recommendations... ES-9 Education and Public Awareness... ES-10 Plan Implementation... ES-10 Implementation Funding... ES-10 Future Plan Evaluation... ES-11 Section 1: Introduction The Metro Water District... 1-1 Regional Water Resources Plans... 1-1 Plan Implementation... 1-5 Implementation Progress... 1-6 Water Conservation Program... 1-6 Water Supply Strategies... 1-7 Education and Public Awareness... 1-8 Plan Development... 1-8 Planning Process... 1-8 Planning Participants... 1-8 Policy Goals... 1-9 Plan Update Focus... 1-9 i
Integration with State Water Plan... 1-10 Key Changes to the Plan... 1-10 Plan Overview... 1-11 Organization of the Water Supply And Water Conservation Management Plan... 1-11 Section 2: Existing Water Supply and Treatment Conditions Existing Water Supplies... 2-1 Planned Reservoirs... 2-4 Planned Storage... 2-5 Groundwater Sources... 2-5 Interbasin Transfers... 2-6 Existing Chattahoochee Basin Return Flows... 2-7 Existing Water Treatment Facilities... 2-7 Existing Interconnections... 2-10 Non-municipal Permitted Withdrawals... 2-10 Section 3: Water Demand Forecasts Introduction... 3-1 Data Collected... 3-1 Water Billing and Production Data... 3-1 Population Forecasts... 3-3 Plumbing Fixture Stock... 3-5 Assumptions... 3-6 Adjusted Base Year Profile... 3-6 Methodology... 3-8 Top-down Analysis... 3-8 Bottom-up Analysis... 3-8 Baseline Water Demand Forecasts... 3-11 Final Water Demand Forecasts with Metro Water District Conservation Program... 3-12 Beyond 2035... 3-13 Section 4: Water Conservation Analysis Existing Water Conservation Program... 4-1 Evaluation of Additional Potential Water Conservation Measures... 4-2 Cost-effectiveness Analysis... 4-3 Comparison of Measures... 4-4 Best Option Packages... 4-6 District-wide Results of Option Packages Evaluation... 4-10 County Results of Option Packages Evaluation... 4-11 Recommended Water Conservation Program (B)... 4-13 Future Water Demand With Option Packages... 4-13 Comparison with 2003 Plan... 4-15 Section 5: Water Conservation Program Action Item 5.1 Conservation Pricing... 5-2 Action Item 5.2 Replace Older, Inefficient Plumbing Fixtures... 5-5 Action Item 5.3 Require Pre-rinse Spray Valve Retrofit Education Program... 5-7 ii
Action Item 5.4 Rain Sensor Shut-off Switches on New Irrigation Systems... 5-8 Action Item 5.5 Require Sub-meters in New Multi-Family Buildings... 5-9 Action Item 5.6 Assess and Reduce Water System Leakage... 5-10 Action Item 5.7 Conduct Residential Water Audits... 5-13 Action Item 5.8 Distribute Low-flow Retrofit Kits to Residential Users... 5-14 Action Item 5.9 Conduct Commercial Water Audits... 5-16 Action Item 5.10 Implement Education and Public Awareness Plan... 5-18 Action Item 5.11 Install High Efficiency Toilets and High Efficiency Urinals in Government Buildings... 5-20 Action Item 5.12 Require New Car Washes to Recycle Water... 5-21 Section 6: Water Supply Sources Meeting 2035 Demand... 6-1 Water Supply Evaluation Criteria... 6-3 2035 Water Supply Sources... 6-3 Chattahoochee River Basin... 6-8 Chattahoochee Basin Limitations... 6-9 Coosa River Basin... 6-9 Coosa Basin Limitations... 6-10 Flint River Basin... 6-10 Ocmulgee River Basin... 6-12 Oconee River Basin... 6-13 Tallapoosa River Basin... 6-13 Future Interbasin Transfers... 6-14 Post-2035 Water Supply Options... 6-15 Chattahoochee River Basin... 6-17 Coosa River Basin... 6-17 Flint River Basin... 6-18 Ocmulgee River Basin... 6-19 Oconee River Basin... 6-20 Tallapoosa River Basin... 6-20 Section 7: Reuse Types of Water Reuse... 7-1 Metro Water District Water Reuse Alternatives... 7-2 Non-potable Reuse... 7-2 Indirect Potable Reuse... 7-4 Reuse Demand Estimates... 7-6 Non-Potable Reuse Demand Estimates... 7-6 Indirect Potable Reuse Estimates... 7-7 Action Item 7.1 Return Reclaimed Water to Lake Lanier and Lake Allatoona for Future Indirect Potable Reuse... 7-8 Conclusions... 7-9 Section 8: Planned Water Supply Facilities Action Item 8.1 Support Construction of 6 Planned Water Supply Reservoirs... 8-2 Action Item 8.2 Construct 6 New Water Treatment Plants... 8-3 iii
Action Item 8.3 Expand 28 Existing Water Treatment Plants... 8-3 2035 Proposed Metro Water District Treatment Facilities and Capacities... 8-5 Section 9: Local Water Planning Action Item 9.1 Develop Local Water Master Plans... 9-2 Action Item 9.2 Develop or Update Local Emergency Water Plans... 9-5 Action Item 9.3 Source Water Supply Watershed Protection... 9-9 Action Item 9.4 Water System Asset Management... 9-11 Section 10: Water Resources Issues Federal Operation of Lake Lanier and Allatoona Lake... 10-1 Water Quantity Issues... 10-1 Consumptive Use... 10-2 Reservoir Storage Reliability... 10-4 Regulation of Small Water Withdrawals... 10-4 Instream Flow Protection Policy... 10-4 Emergency and Drought Planning Issues... 10-5 Climate Change Impacts... 10-5 Water Quality Issues... 10-6 Water Treatment Standards... 10-7 Groundwater Treatment Rule... 10-8 Chemicals of Concern... 10-8 Sedimentation of Stream and River Intakes... 10-8 Section 11: State and Regional Policy Recommendations Post-2035 Water Supply Source Planning... 11-1 Facilitate New Water Supply Sources... 11-1 Facilitate Water Permitting... 11-2 Encourage Conservation Through State Legislation... 11-2 Small Water Withdrawals... 11-3 Comprehensive Land Use Plan Coordination... 11-3 Water Conservation Program Evaluation... 11-3 Section 12: Education and Public Awareness Introduction... 12-1 Education and Public Awareness Approach... 12-1 Water Supply and Water Conservation Messages... 12-1 Target Audiences... 12-2 Delivery Techniques... 12-4 Regional Education Program... 12-6 Local Education Program... 12-8 Local Education Program Requirements... 12-8 Example Descriptions of Activities... 12-9 Section 13: Implementation Plan Introduction... 13-1 Roles... 13-1 iv
Implementation Schedules... 13-2 Implementation Costs... 13-6 Implementation Funding... 13-8 Water Rates... 13-8 General Appropriations (General Fund)... 13-8 Loans/Bonds... 13-8 Service Fees... 13-9 Grants... 13-10 Section 14: Future Plan Evaluation Introduction... 14-1 Plan Reviews and Updates... 14-1 Annual Reviews... 14-2 Plan Updates... 14-2 Recommended Annual Reviews and Updates... 14-2 Plan Accountability... 14-4 Measuring Progress... 14-4 Overall Water Use Metrics... 14-4 Measuring the Water Conservation Program... 14-5 Conclusions... 14-8 APPENDICIES Appendix A Appendix B Plan Accountability Index County Level Summaries v
LIST OF FIGURES Executive Summary Figure ES-1: Metro Water District Overall Per Capita Water Use Trends (2001-2035)... ES-4 Figure ES-2: Metro Water District Water Demand and Supply... ES-7 Section 1: Introduction Figure 1-1: Metro Water District Area... 1-2 Figure 1-2: Metro Water District Major River Basins... 1-4 Figure 1-3: Metro Water District Plan Development and Implementation... 1-5 Figure 1-4: Water Conservation Measures Implementation 2008... 1-6 Figure 1-5: Water Rate Structures by Population Served... 1-7 Figure 1-6: Metro Water District Policy Goals... 1-9 Section 2: Existing Water Supply and Treatment Conditions Figure 2-1: Chattahoochee Basin Withdrawals and Discharges for 2006... 2-7 Section 3: Water Demand Forecasts Figure 3-1: Water System Diagram... 3-2 Figure 3-2: 2006 Adjusted Municipal Water Use by County (AAD-MGD)... 3-2 Figure 3-3: Metro Water District Water Use Profile (AAD-MGD)... 3-3 Figure 3-4: Toilet Fixture Estimates by County, Year 2006... 3-5 Figure 3-5: Water Use Model Methodology... 3-10 Figure 3-6: Forecast of Baseline and Without Conservation Demands... 3-12 Section 4: Water Conservation Analysis Figure 4-1: Evaluation Process of Water Conservation Measures... 4-3 Figure 4-2: Present Value of the Three Water Conservation Option Packages... 4-11 Figure 4-3: Metro Water District Annual Average Day Water Demand Forecasts (2006-2035)... 4-14 Figure 4-4: Metro Water District Overall Per Capita Water Use Trends (2001-2035)... 4-16 Figure 4-5: Comparison of Baseline and Plan with Conservation between 2003 and 2009 Plans... 4-18 Section 6: Water Supply Sources Figure 6-1: Metro Water District Demand and Supply Forecasts... 6-2 Figure 6-2: Comparison of Future Water Supplies to Meet Demands... 6-2 Figure 6-3: Surface Water Supply Sources Identified to Meet 2035 Demands... 6-4 Figure 6-4: Additional Potential New Surface Water Supply Sources for the Metro Water District (Post-2035)... 6-16 Section 10: Water Resources Issues Figure 10-1: Chattahoochee Basin Withdrawals and Discharges for 2035... 10-3 vi
LIST OF TABLES Executive Summary Table ES-1: Metro Water District Percent Permitted Monthly Average Available Water Supply by Basin... ES-3 Table ES-2: Summary of Existing Net Interbasin Transfers... ES-3 Table ES-3: Summary of 2035 Net Interbasin Transfers... ES-8 Section 1: Introduction Table 1-1: MetroWater District Local Jurisdictions... 1-3 Section 2: Existing Water Supply and Treatment Conditions Table 2-1: Existing Municipal Permitted Surface Water Supplies (2006)... 2-2 Table 2-2: Planned Reservoirs... 2-4 Table 2-3: Planned Storage... 2-5 Table 2-4: Existing Permitted Groundwater Supplies... 2-5 Table 2-5: Summary of Existing Interbasin Transfers... 2-6 Table 2-6: Existing Surface Water Treatment Plants... 2-8 Table 2-7: Non-municipal Permitted Withdrawals... 2-10 Section 3: Water Demand Forecasts Table 3-1: Population and Employment Forecasts by County... 3-4 Table 3-2: Adjusted Base Year Water Use Profile by County... 3-7 Table 3-3: Single Family Water End Uses (AWWARF)... 3-9 Table 3-4: Natural Plumbing Fixture Conversion... 3-9 Table 3-5: 2035 Water Demand Forecasts by County... 3-13 Table 3-6: 2050 Population and Demand Forecasts... 3-14 Section 4: Water Conservation Analysis Table 4-1: Existing Water Conservation Measures in Metro Water District in 2003 Plan, as amended... 4-1 Table 4-2: District-Wide Results of Conservation Measures Evaluation... 4-5 Table 4-3: Descriptions of the Conservation Measures Evaluated Quantitatively and Qualitatively... 4-6 Table 4-4: District-wide Results of Option Packages Evaluation... 4-10 Table 4-5: County Results of Option Packages Evaluation... 4-12 Table 4-6: Metro Water District 2035 Water Use Forecasts by County... 4-15 Table 4-7: Comparison of 2003 Plan and this Plan Update... 4-16 Section 5: Water Conservation Program Table 5-1: Water Conservation Tiered Rate Structure (Example)... 5-2 Table 5-2: Minimum Local Education and Public Awareness Program Annual Requirements... 5-18 Table 5-3: Optional Education Toolbox... 5-18 Section 6: Water Supply Sources Table 6-1: Surface Water Supply Sources Through 2035... 6-5 Table 6-2: Summary of 2035 Interbasin Transfers... 6-14 vii
Table 6-3: Chattahoochee River Basin Other Potential Surface Water Supply Sources (Post-2035)... 6-17 Table 6-4: Coosa River Basin Other Potential Surface Water Supply Sources (Post-2035)... 6-18 Table 6-5: Flint River Basin Other Potential Surface Water Supply Sources (Post-2035)... 6-18 Table 6-6: Ocmulgee River Basin Other Potential Surface Water Supply Sources (Post-2035)... 6-19 Table 6-7: Tallapoosa River Basin Other Potential Surface Water Supply Sources (Post-2035)... 6-20 Section 7: Potential Source Evaluation Table 7-1: Water Reuse Terminology... 7-1 Section 8: Planned Water Supply Facilities Table 8-1: Planned Water Supply Reservoirs in the Metro Water District... 8-2 Table 8-2: Planned New Water Treatment Plants in the Metro Water District... 8-3 Table 8-3: Water Treatment Plants Planned to be Expanded before 2035... 8-4 Table 8-4: Proposed Surface Water Treatment Plants... 8-5 Section 9: Local Water Planning Table 9-1: Recommended Formula for Calculating Water System Interconnection Reliability Target (IRT)... 9-6 Section 12: Education and Public Awareness Table 12-1: Education Focus for Target Audiences... 12-2 Table 12-2: Educational Materials Available to Local Governments by the Metro Water District... 12-7 Table 12-3: Minimum Local Education and Public Awareness Program Annual Requirements... 12-8 Table 12-4: Example Water Supply and Water Conservation Education / Outreach and Public Participation / Involvement Activities... 12-9 Table 12-5: Water Supply and Water Conservation Education and Public Awareness Resources... 12-10 Section 13: Implementation Plan Table 13-1: Local Water Provider Implementation Schedule... 13-3 Table 13-2: Regional Agency Implementation Schedule... 13-4 Table 13-3: State Agency Implementation Schedule... 13-5 Table 13-4: Unit Cost Estimates for Water Supply Treatment Facilities... 13-6 Table 13-5: Estimated Annual Water Supply and Water Conservation Management Plan Implementation Cost by Program Category... 13-7 Section 14: Future Plan Evaluation Table 14-1: Summary of Plan Elements to Be Reviewed and Updated Regularly by the Metro Water District... 14-3 viii