INTEGRATED BASIN DEVELOPMENT & LIVELIHOOD PROGRAMME BAMBOO PLANTATION PROGRAMME IN MEGHALAYA UNDER NATIONAL BAMBOO MISSION Background Bamboo with more than a thousand recorded uses is one of the most useful plants known to mankind. It is an enduring, versatile and highly renewable resource. Bamboo belongs to the tribe of Bambu of the Gramineae family. Out of 23 genera and 136 species reportedly found in India, 36 species and 14 genera have been reported to be found in Meghalaya. It plays an important role in the economy especially in South-East Asia and North East India. With the support of technology and trade development, bamboo can be converted into several products, namely, bamboo-ply, mat-board, structural building, incense sticks, handicrafts &furnitures, agricultural implements, bamboo houses and many others. Bamboo stands as an ideal species capable of achieving water & soil conservation, restoration of degraded land, protection from erosion and denudation. On account of its manifold uses and industrial applications, bamboo provides great scope and opportunity towards livelihood options and rural economy promotion. As an organized sector, bamboo deserves to be developed as an eco-friendly economic resource. The National Bamboo Mission supported by the Government of India offers promotional avenue which would eventually help bamboo-base rural economy to grow, Bamboo has been an integral part of the cultural, social and economic traditions in Meghalaya. As one of the non-timber forest products, bamboo with technology-intervention and integration of traditional knowledge possibilities, would greatly facilitate livelihood security, rural-employment opportunities, enterprises promotion, growth in rural economy, poverty alleviation and improvement of the quality of life of rural population at large. Vision The Programme will be implemented on a mission mode with the following vision: of Bamboo as one of the resource-enterprises under Integrated farming system and as a measure to facilitate promotion of rural employment and poverty-alleviation Objectives i. Protect and conserve bio-diversity associated with bamboo forest and bamboo cultivated areas in the state. ii. Undertake area expansion in potential areas with suitable bamboo species. iii. Intervening measures to enhance production and productivity. iv. Revitalise local traditional bamboo craft and art with improved technology and design. v. Promote bamboo as an essential wood substitute and bamboo-based enterprise to reduce pressure on forest lands. vi. Promote bamboo and bamboo based products with market access. vii. Galvanise rural economy in the state. Strategic Approach Cultivation and management of Bamboo resource in the state shall focus on following activities: i. Inventorisation of bamboo resource, including identification, documentation, demarcation and assessment of the extent of different types of bamboo. ii. Evolve scientific management practices for naturally occurring bamboos and bamboo plantation to improve production, productivity and at post-harvest stage. iii. Create mass awareness consistently on the value of bamboo including value-chain especially among the bamboo growers. iv. Set up appropriate institution for research and development of bamboo, both for regeneration, processing and value addition. v. Evolve suitable techniques of multiplication and development of infrastructure for production of planting materials in commercial cultivation of bamboo. vi. Introduce appropriate species of commercial importance for cultivation in the state. vii. Establish infrastructure and mechanism for dissemination of bamboo production technologies to the concerned stakeholders viii. Establish network of bamboo set up for different agro-climatic zones for ex-situ preservation of bamboo germplasm.
ix. Identify representative natural bamboo occurring areas for in-situ preservation. x. Develop communication network for development of bamboo as an industry in Meghalaya. xi. Evolve suitable policies to deal with gregarious flowering of bamboo. of bamboo as an enterprise shall involve policies and action plans in the following areas: a. Promote bamboo based industries i. Food products ii. Medicinal chemical products and beverages iii. iv. Craft, handicraft and art products. Value added products and wood substitutes such as bamboo-ply, flooring tiles, shuttering and many others. b. Create awareness on the uses of value of bamboo through media campaign capacity building training seminar and workshops etc. c. Promotion of bamboo in structural applications d. Promotion and development of traditional usage of bamboo. of Natural Bamboo Forest i. Identification, Resource Mapping, inventorisation and documentation of naturally grown bamboo areas. ii. iii. iv. Promotion of proper management practices and harvesting techniques Improved road connectivity for harvesting and transportation. Increased area of natural bamboos through aided natural re-generation in the immediate vicinity of bamboo forest. v. Protect different varieties of native bamboo species ecotypes and preservation of germplasm through mechanism of setum in-situ and ex-situ as the case may be. District Wise Area of Bamboo Plantation in Meghalaya created under National Bamboo Mission (area in hectare) Year Name of District EKH WKH JH RB EGH WGH SGH Total 2006-07 - 128 30 250.59 150 150 150 858.59 2007-08 175 300 220 468.75 300 333 245 2041.75 2008-09 274 63 275 111 125 271 98 1217 2009-10 15 62 118 31 93 142 496 957 Total 464 553 643 861.34 668 896 989 5074.34 Potential area for Bamboo Plantation Bamboos have wide distribution in Meghalaya. Their distribution is governed largely by the condition of rainfall temperature altitude and soil. Most of the bamboos require a temperature ranging from 8C to 36 C, a minimum of 1000mm annual rainfall and high relative humidity for good growth. They form an important constituent of many deciduous and evergreen forest and are spread from tropical to mild temperate regions.they extend from plain areas to high mountainous region ascending to altitude of 3050m above main sea level. They usually occur mixed with or under tree species, except in caves when they form secondary brakes where they are more or less pure. Where shifting cultivation is practiced, the bamboo brakes are more common. Out of the state s reported forest area of 9496 sq.km., open forest constitutes 7410sq.km. Considering together cultivable/ culturable wastelands and total fallow lands the wasteland area in the state is about 6496 sq.km. Taking that about 50% of open forest area minus total wastelands, it may be estimated that about 45,000 ha may be brought under Bamboo plantation in Meghalaya. Nevertheless, the potential area for commercial bamboo plantation will depend upon the choice of bamboo species among others
During the 12 th Five Year plan period, it is proposed to take up bamboo plantation as follows: District Yearwise Phasing Total 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th East Khasi 150 250 350 450 550 1750 West Khasi 350 450 600 800 900 3100 RiBhoi 600 800 1000 1000 1050 4450 Jaintia 350 450 600 700 750 2850 East Garo 600 800 1000 1000 1050 4450 West Garo 700 900 1100 1100 1150 4950 South Garo 350 450 600 800 900 3100 Total 3100 4100 5250 5850 6350 24650
Programme A. Research & Proposed Budget under 12 th Five Year Plan (Rupees in crores) 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total 1.Research on - - - - - a. Harvesting & Sustainable - 1.00 - - - b. new bamboo agro-forestry techniques - 1.00 - - - B. Plantation & c. Bamboo & Livelihood - 1.00 - - - (Project-Based) Total of A 3.00 3.00 1. Planting materials(forest area) - - - - - a). Centralised Nurseries(Public Sectors) 2. Tissue culture units in public sector 0.39 0.50 0.64 0.72 0.78-1.47 - - - - 3.Area expansion(forest area) 7.75 10.25 13.12 14.62 15.87 4.Technology transfer & HRD a. Training of - - - - - farmers/grower s/entrepreneur s i. Within the 0.25 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 state ii. Outside the state 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 b. Training of field functionaries 0.15 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 c. Demonstration 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 of plantation technology d. Workshops/Se minars/training s - - - - - i. Internation 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 al level ii. National 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.13 level iii. State level 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.15 iv. District level 0.07 0.10 0.13 0.16 0.19 5.Pest & Disease Management 0.12 0.16 0.21 0.23 0.25 6. Post-harvest storage & 3.80 3.80 - - - treatment facilities Total of B 13.36 18.46 16.93 19.21 21.22 89.18
C.Handicradts, Marketing & Export D.Implement ation& Monitoring Mechanism 1(a)Bamboo wholesale 5.00 7.00 9.00 11.00 13.00 & retail markets near villages (b). Bamboo bazar 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 (c)retail outlets(showrooms) 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 (d) participation in domestic 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 trade fairs (e) participation in 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 international trade fairs (f) conducting of - 0.10-0.10 - market surveys Total of C 6.83 8.93 10.83 12.93 14.83 54.35 1.National Bamboo cell - - - - - a. Evaluation& Monitoring - 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 b. Bamboo technical 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.10 0.12 support growth(consultancy on bamboo development and entrepreneurship development) c. Brochures & leaflets 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 d. Promotional campaigns through media etc. 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 e. Database generation & management(informatio n web-based database) - 0.10 - - 0.05 f. State implementation - - - - - bodies i. Project report 0.30 0.46 0.42 0.48 0.54 preparation & consultancy Total of D 0.42 0.82 0.72 0.81 0.96 3.73 Grand Total 20.61 31.21 28.48 32.95 37.01 150.26