FUTURE IMPLICATIONS OF UTILIZING DEDICATED PUMPS FOR GROUNDWATER SAMPLING / MONITORING Presented by: Christine Batchelder Groundwater Essentials Bradenton, FL
WHAT WE WILL COVER What is low-flow, dedicated sampling. What are the advantages. Why should I dedicate. What do my regulations say. Is it right for my industry. How to promote dedication to your clients.
And most importantly How much money can I save?
We cannot forget What about the environment?
DEDICATED LOW FLOW SAMPLING EPA 542-S-02-001 Purpose The purpose of this standard operating procedure (SOP) is to provide a method that minimizes the impact the purging process has on the ground-water chemistry and the volume of water that is being purged and disposed of during sample collection.
DEDICATED LOW FLOW SAMPLING EPA 542-S-02-001 Purpose The flow rate at which the pump will be operating will depend upon both hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer and the drawdown with the goal of minimizing the drawdown.
DEDICATED LOW FLOW SAMPLING EPA 542-S-02-001 Scope It is critical to place the pump intake in the exact location or depth for each sampling event. This argues for the use of dedicated, permanently installed, sampling devices whenever possible.
DEDICATED LOW FLOW SAMPLING* EPA 542-S-02-001 Purging and Sampling Procedures. The following describes the purging and sampling procedures for the Low-Stress (Low-Flow)/ Minimal Drawdown method for the collection of ground-water samples. These procedures also describe steps for dedicated and non-dedicated systems.
LOW FLOW DEDICATED PUMP PROCEDURE 1. Check and record the condition of the monitoring well. 2. Unlock well head. Record appropriate information. 3. Remove inner casing cap. 4. Monitor the headspace for VOC s. 5. Measure depth to water. 6. Record well depth. 7. Record depth of pump intake. This will remain constant with a dedicated pump. 8. Measure water level. 9. Connect discharge line and flow-through cell. 10. Start pumping. Monitor and record water level and pump rate every three to five minutes. 11. Monitor and record water-quality-indicator parameters. 12. Maintain stabilized drawdown. Start Sampling. 13. Close and lock well.
BENEFITS FROM DEDICATION 1. Pre-field Preparation Dedicated equipment means no ordering, no shipping and NO PREDEPLOYMENT. 2. Travel to Site Dedicated equipment means less equipment and supplies to carry and fewer trips to the site. 3. Sample Dedicated pumps eliminate more than half the listed steps from the procedure. 4. Post Sampling Dedicated pumps eliminates both decontamination & equipment removal and drastically reduces waste management.
Sample Tasks - ELIMINATED ELIMINATED DEPLOYMENT Lowering the pump causes disturbance and requires time. PURGING Purge related costs are reduced directly by the amount of purge water not required. SAMPLE TASKS Need for equipment blanks are eliminated. Removal of sampling equipment is eliminated. Disposal of down hole tubing is eliminated. DECONTAMINATION The entire procedure is eliminated. Supplies and equipment needed are reduced.
WHY SHOULD I DEDICATE 1. Most environmentally conscious decision. Waste Considerations. Sustainability. 2. Most scientifically backed decision. Sample Integrity. Sample Consistency. 3. Least difficult method. Less Time Involved, less procedures. Less Effort. 4. Least expensive. Life Cycle Cost is Predictable. Purge Disposal Quantity is consistent.
What do my regulations say? EPA/540/S-95/504 April 1996 If the sampling device is already in place (i.e., dedicated sampling systems), then the time and purge volume needed for stabilization is much shorter. Other advantages of dedicated equipment include less purge water for waste disposal, much less decontamination of equipment, less time spent in preparation of sampling as well as time in the field, and more consistency in the sampling approach which probably will translate into less variability in sampling results. The use of dedicated equipment is strongly recommended at wells which will undergo routine sampling overtime.
What do my regulations say? Ground-Water Sampling Guidelines for Superfund and RCRA Project Managers EPA 542-S-02-001 Dedicated sampling systems are greatly preferred since they avoid the need for decontamination of equipment and minimize turbulence in the well. Dedicated sampling pumps are recommended for metals sampling because the pumps avoid the generation of turbidity from frequent sampler deployment. The preferred method is to use dedicated sampling equipment whenever possible.
What do my regulations say? AFCEE - Air Force Long-Term Monitoring Optimization Guide Regardless of the techniques used, dedicated equipment should be considered. Dedicated equipment can reduce the volume of water used for decontaminating sampling equipment, which is required for disposal, and the time required to decontaminate the sampling equipment.
What do my regulations say? Equipment Blanks Equipment blanks should be collected on a regular basis from non-dedicated equipment, the frequency depending on the sampling plan and regional protocols, to document the effectiveness of the decontamination procedures.
Industry Considerations Sites which will have long term monitoring by their nature. Landfills, Power Generation, Manufacturing, Agriculture, Mining, Hazardous Waste, Federal & Military, Superfund. Sites which require sample integrity and consistency. ALL SITES!
Client Motivation Saves Time and Money Improves Sample Integrity Reduces Waste Performance Based Contracts Reduces Liability Equipment & Training Consistency
Money, Money, Money Initial Equipment Costs Equipment Lifetime Cost Maintenance Requirements Operational Requirements Energy Cost Waste Cost Professional time needed for managing the process
FACTORS Waste What is NOT needed when you dedicate with a 12 volt low flow pump system Decontamination (decon waste) Purge Water (disposal) Materials (consumable samplers & accessories) Energy (power & logistics) Time (this is priceless)
CHART #1 - ONE YEAR COMPARISON NON-DEDICATED AND DEDICATED PUMPS - PURGING AND DECONTAMINATION 1 SITE ANALYSIS INCLUDES 20 WELLS SAMPLED 4 TIMES A YEAR WELL DEPTH 100' / DEPTH TO WATER 40' / 2" DIAMETER / ONE CASE VOLUME EQUALS 9.78 GALLONS NON-DEDICATED PUMP SYSTEM TIME TAKEN TO DEPLOY PORTABLE PUMP NON-DEDICATED PUMP SYSTEM DEDICATED PUMP SYSTEM TIME MONEY TIME MONEY TIME TAKEN TO INSTALL DEDICATED PUMP -20 minutes per well - deployment & removal 26.67 Hours -10 minutes per well - deployment only 20 minutes x 20 wells x 4 times a year 2 men @ $45 10 minutes x 20 wells x 1 times a year TIME TAKEN TO PURGE (RATE 1 gpm) TIME TAKEN TO PURGE (RATE.132 gpm) -49 minutes per well based on 5 case volume -(2 GALLON total purge volume to stabilize)15 m 49 minutes x 20 wells x 4 times a year 2 men @ $45 15 minutes x 20 wells x 4 times a year 1 man @ $45 TIME TAKEN TO DECONTAMINATE TIME TAKEN TO DECONTAMINATE -5 minutes per pump* 6.67 Hours -THIS STEP IS ELIMINATED 0 Hours 5 minutes x 20 wells x 4 times a year 2 men @ $45 PURGE & DECON WATER DISPOSAL PURGE & DECON WATER DISPOSAL -49 gallons/purge + 15 gallons/decon* -2 gallons/purge 64 gallons x 20 wells x 4 times a year at $1 per gallon 5,120 Gallons 2 gallons x 20 wells x 4 times a year at $1 per gallon 160 Gallons MATERIALS MATERIALS* Note this is a one time cost -100 feet 3/8 I.D. Poly Tubing per well.25 per foot -100 feet 3/8 I.D. Poly Tubing per well.25 per foot 100 feet x 20 wells x 4 times a year at 25 cents per foot 2,000 Dollars 100 feet x 20 wells x 1 time at 25 cents per foot 500 Dollars -5 gallons deionized water per pump*+ $600 -DEIONIZED WATER IS ELIMINATED $0 5 gallons x 20 wells x 4 times a year at $1.50 per gallon -1 each equipment blank 400 Gallons $3,200 -EQUIPMENT BLANKS ARE ELIMINATED $0 1 blank x 4 times a year at $800 per screen 4 Blanks 1 YEAR TIME SPENT SAMPLING 98.33 hrs. 1 YEAR TIME SPENT SAMPLING 23.33 hrs. 1 Your Costs May Vary *based on RCRA & Superfund SOPS +does not include cleaning materials Submersible Centrifugal or Bladder Pump $2,400 3.33 Hours $150 $600 $0 $5,120 $160 $2,000 1 YEAR TOTAL COSTS $19,770 1 YEAR TOTAL COST $1,710 DEDICATED PUMP SYSTEM 1 man @ $45 65 Hours $5,850 20 Hours $900 $500 Note: Other items not included that can be considered constant are; on site purge water handling, transportation to and from the site, etc.
CHART #3 - FIVE YEAR COMPARISON NON-DEDICATED & DEDICATED PURCHASED PUMPS SITE ANALYSIS INCLUDES 20 WELLS SAMPLED 4 TIMES A YEAR WELL DEPTH 100' / DEPTH TO WATER 40' / 2" DIAMETER / ONE CASE VOLUME EQUALS 9.78 GALLONS NON-DEDICATED PUMP SYSTEM TIME TAKEN TO DEPLOY PORTABLE PUMP NON-DEDICATED PUMP SYSTEM DEDICATED PUMP SYSTEM TIME MONEY TIME MONEY TIME TAKEN TO INSTALL DEDICATED PUMP -20 minutes per well - deployment & removal -10 minutes per well - deployment only 20 minutes x 20 wells x 4 times a year 2 men @ $45 10 minutes x 20 wells x 1 times a year 1 man @ $45 TIME TAKEN TO PURGE (RATE 1 gpm) TIME TAKEN TO PURGE (RATE.132 gpm) -49 minutes per well based on 5 case volume -(2 GALLON total purge volume to stabilize)15 m 49 minutes x 20 wells x 4 times a year 2 men @ $45 15 minutes x 20 wells x 4 times a year 1 man @ $45 TIME TAKEN TO DECONTAMINATE TIME TAKEN TO DECONTAMINATE -5 minutes per pump* -THIS STEP IS ELIMINATED 5 minutes x 20 wells x 4 times a year 2 men @ $45 PURGE & DECON WATER DISPOSAL PURGE & DECON WATER DISPOSAL -49 gallons/purge + 15 gallons/decon* -2 gallons/purge 64 gallons x 20 wells x 4 times a year at $1 per gallon 5,120 Gallons 2 gallons x 20 wells x 4 times a year at $1 per gallon 160 Gallons MATERIALS MATERIALS* Note this is a one time cost -100 feet 3/8 I.D. Poly Tubing per well.25 per foot -100 feet 3/8 I.D. Poly Tubing per well.25 per foot 100 feet x 20 wells x 4 times a year at 25 cents per foot 2,000 Dollars 100 feet x 20 wells x 1 time at 25 cents per foot 500 Dollars -5 gallons deionized water per pump*+ -DEIONIZED WATER IS ELIMINATED 5 gallons x 20 wells x 4 times a year at $1.50 per gallon 400 Gallons -1 each equipment blank -EQUIPMENT BLANKS ARE ELIMINATED 1 blank x 4 times a year at $800 per screen 1 Your Costs May Vary *based on RCRA & Superfund SOPS +does not include cleaning materials PURCHASE OF PORTABLE EQUIPMENT Submersible Centrifugal or Bladder Pump PURCHASE OF DEDICATED EQUIPMENT -Pump average $3,500 -Pump $545 Controller $1095 Extended Warranty $150 Includes pump & controller (submersible) or pump & bags (bladder) 3,500 Dollars Based on a Five Year Full Warranty 15,145 Dollars DEDICATED PUMP SYSTEM 26.67 Hours $2,400 3.33 Hours $150 65 Hours $5,850 20 Hours $900 6.67 Hours $600.00 0 Hours $0 $5,120 $160 $2,000 $500 $600 $0 $3,200 $0 4 Blanks Note: Other items not included that can be considered constant are; on site purge water handling, transportation to and from the site, etc. $3,500 $15,145 5 YEAR TOTAL COSTS $102,350 5 YEAR TOTAL COST $23,695 5 YEAR TIME SPENT SAMPLING 492 hrs. 5 YEAR TIME SPENT SAMPLING 117 hrs.
ON SITE PURGE WATER HANDLING ONE 55 GALLON DRUM OR 500 GALLON TANK ON TRAILER
WASTE DISPOSAL IMPLICATIONS TOTALS There are approximately 2.8 million monitoring wells in the US. It is estimated approximately one-quarter of that number have the potential use of dedicated pumps. 700,000 monitoring wells are purged. FUTURE IMPLICATION Based on the previous site analysis, a minimum of 19 gallons of purge waste water and 15 gallons of potable waste water per well could be saved. THIS TOTALS 95.2 MILLION GALLONS OF WASTE WATER EACH YEAR. (Based on 4 samples per year).
Lasting Thoughts If the 150,000+ gas stations in the US used dedicated pumps - they would save landfill disposal of 60 million feet of tubing EACH YEAR. STORET and NWIS databases show approximately 172,000 wells under 180 feet, these wells could save 155 Million Dollars in ONE YEAR.
Lasting Thoughts There are more than 650,000 injection wells in the US. If each had ONE monitoring well more than $ 500 MILLION dollars in unnecessary equipment blanks could be saved IN 1 YEAR! - more than 195 million feet of tubing - more than 13 million gallons of deionized water - more than 2.4 million man hours YES ALL THIS IN ONE YEAR!
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Points of Contacts For more information; Groundwater Essentials 5245 Office Park Blvd. Ste 102 Bradenton, FL 34203 1-866-947-8677 www.groundwateressentials.com christine@groundwateressentials.com