METHOD STATEMENT sheet membrane Waterproofing systems for basements and other below ground structures MARCH 2014 / 2 ND VERSION / SIKA SERVICES AG / HANS-JOERG STICH TEMPLATE FOR LOCAL ADAPTION
CONTENT 1. Scope... 3 2. System decription... 3 2.1 Design- and construction requirements 2.2 Sheet membrane systems for basement waterproofing 2.3 Membrane installation 3. Products... 6 3.1 sheet waterproofing membranes 3.2 Ancillary products 4. Installation... 10 4.1 General Sikaplan WP membrane installation procedure 4.2. Waterproofing details on horizontal and vertical areas 5. Methods of thermoplastic weldings of sheet membranes.19 6. Quality control of welded seams..20 7. Cleaning and inspection of completed work 22 8. Protection of installed waterproofing..22 9. Proposals for Bill of Quantities...24 10. Standard details..33 2/43
1 SCOPE This describes the step by step procedure for installation of the Sikaplan WP 1100-series Sheet Waterproofing Membranes and Sika Waterbar AR/DR waterstop product range, which are both all based on plasticized PVC and used for waterproofing of basements and other below ground structures against groundwater. 2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Basements and other below ground structures usually need to be watertight to some degree according to their function and use. Waterproofing works are therefore required to prevent water ingress and leaks into the structure and also to protect the structure itself against the harmful influences of aggressive groundwater or seawater. Highly flexible single layer Sikaplan WP waterproofing membranes, or if required for even higher performance and security, a double layer system can protect a structure from damp soil, percolating water and groundwater under hydrostatic pressure. In situations with leaks through a sheet waterproofing membrane system caused by mechanical damage to the membranes, single or double layer systems, the water can underflow laterally and spread uncontrolled between the installed membrane system and the structure. However, a compartment system formed by welding the membrane system with waterstops and combined with control and injection ports / hoses provides the possibility of control and repair by injection if required at any time after completion and throughout the service life. Additional advantages of membrane waterproofing systems are that they are fast to install, and they require minimal substrate preparation, plus the installed membrane system has high crack bridging abilities. Any successful waterproofing system requires detailed design and specification by the responsible design engineer prior to the membrane installation works being carried out on site. The structure should be designed and built in such a way that the Sikaplan WP waterproofing membrane system can adequately fulfil its function during its long service life. Installation must only be performed by Sika trained and experienced Sikaplan WP sheet membrane waterproofing contractors. The site personnel must always be specifically trained in the correct welding Procedures for the Sikaplan WP sheet membranes. 3/43
2. 1 DESIGN- AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS: The main criteria that have to be considered for the correct design and installation of the Sikaplan WP flexible sheet membrane systems for waterproofing basements and other below ground structures are the: type and function of the structure waterproofing of structures in open cut excavation, or against secant pile-, or diaphragm walls circumference of the waterproofing required of the level of waterproofing and its terminations type and design of the retaining walls piled foundations and the pile cap location lowering of groundwater level during construction (sump and pumping methods) condition of the substrate to be waterproofed thermal insulation details and requirements dimensions of the structure (length, width, depth) groundwater levels (max., min., average, immersion depth of structure) condition of groundwater (aggressive water, salt water, polluted water) expansion joint details and design construction phases construction/day work jointing schedule of structure requirements for a single, or double-ply waterproofing system with compartments and vacuum control All elements protruding from or penetrating through the waterproofing membrane and cast into the concrete, i.e. service and other pipe penetrations, structural steelwork and anchors, shafts etc. should only be made of corrosion-free steel (i.e. stainless V2A or V4A steel), or other non-corroding materials. Where necessary these elements should be designed with flanges in order to allow watertight sealing around them with the membrane system. In order to avoid any damage to the installed membranes and to ensure their proper function, the following requirements must be met: the structure must be designed to minimise movement due to temperature, settlement and concrete shrinkage, contraction etc. reinforcement bars in the concrete should be min. 30 mm below the surface all steel elements should be stainless, or anticorrosive materials (i.e. cast iron, V2A, V4A steel quality, aluminium) the surface of the substrate being waterproofed should be smooth and uniform to avoid puncturing the membrane under the future influence of hydrostatic pressure 2.2 SHEET MEMBRANE SYSTEMS FOR BASEMENT WATERPROOFING The installation procedure for the waterproofing membranes depends on the: excavation i.e. open- cut with free access to the external walls, or internal retaining walls project design requirements damp soil contact, percolating water, or water under hydraulic pressure immersion depth below normal groundwater level selected membrane type and its fixing methods selected waterproofing approach, i.e. drainage system, waterstop system, active control system Drainage systems Waterstop systems Active control system Waterproofing against damp soil contact and percolating water using single layer membranes without welded compartments. This system is not suitable for use against water under hydrostatic pressure. Waterproofing against damp soil contact and percolating water, plus water under hydrostatic pressure, produced from a combination of single layer membranes and waterstops-forming compartments (the most common standard sheet waterproofing membrane based solution). Waterproofing against water under hydrostatic pressure, combined with double layer membranes and waterstop compartments (allows highest security of water tightness - surveillance with vacuum testing). 4/43
The following installation instructions are divided into single operations, that may or may not all be applicable according to the type and requirements of each project. The operational sequences must then also be defined according to the specific project design and the construction requirements. 2.3 MEMBRANE INSTALLATION SEQUENCES Single layer and double layer membrane systems Open cut with free access to external walls: without retaining walls with retaining walls (apart from the structure) Installation sequence of the membrane is in two phases: 1. lining below the basement slab cast in place concrete structures (slab, walls, roof) 2. lining at walls and below ground roofs Internally without access to external walls: diaphragm walls driven or cast pile walls Installation sequences of membrane in one, or two phases: lining below basement slab and at retaining walls cast in place basement, wall- and roof structure Subject to any other specific local requirements, the selection of the right Sikaplan WP membrane thickness is made according to the anticipated immersion depth and the potential water pressure. Immersion depth / water pressure exposure Damp soil and percolating water (to be combined with a drainage system) Hydrostatic pressure 0m - 10m Hydrostatic pressure 10m - 20m Hydrostatic pressure exceeding 20m Sikaplan WP membrane thickness 1.5 mm 1.5 mm 2.0 mm 3.0 mm 5/43
3. PRODUCTS 3.1 SHEET WATERPROOFING MEMBRANES Standard membrane products (with signal layer 0.6 mm), other thicknesses available on inquiry Standard membrane products (with signal layer 0.2 mm, available on inquiry) Colours Material Specials (transparent acc. to French Standard, on request) Material Specials (black, oil and bitumen resistant on request) Material Use Membrane thickness and roll sizes Suitable for exposure and resistant to: Sikaplan WP 1100-15HL (Sikaplan 9.6) Sikaplan WP 1100-15HL2 Sikaplan WP 1100-20HL (Sikaplan 14.6) Sikaplan WP 1100-20HL2 top layer: yellow / reverse layer: dark grey Sikaplan WP 1100-30HL (Sikaplan 24.6) Sikaplan WP 1100-30HL2 PVC-p membrane, fully homogeneous, not bitumen resistant Sikaplan WP 1110-20H transparent (Trocal T 2.00mm) PVC-p membrane, fully homogeneous, not bitumen resistant Sikaplan WP 6110-15H black (Trocal A 1.50mm) Sikaplan WP 6110-20H black (Trocal A 2.00mm) PVC-p membrane, fully homogeneous, oil and bitumen resistant Waterproofing of basements and all types of below ground structures against groundwater according to the respective Product Data Sheets ageing and weathering during installation works aggressive influences occurring naturally in groundwater salt water accidental puncturing algae and micro-organisms hydrostatic pressure (according to the defined membrane thickness) root penetrations remain flexible at low temperatures 6/43
3.2 ANCILLARY PRODUCTS Sikaplan WP Fixation Plate PVC Description / Material Colour Size and thickness Fixing plate based on rigid PVC light grey 90mm x 2000mm x 5mm Use For the linear fixing of waterproofing sheets. Strip to be cut to the required lengths. Fixing with screws, or metal dowels into reinforced concrete substrates. The Sikaplan WP 1100 membrane to be heat welded on fixed plates. Sikaplan WP Disc 80/10mm Description / Material Colour Size Fixing disc based on plasticised PVC yellow 80mm dia. x 10mm thickness Use For the spotwise fixing of waterproofing sheets. The Fixing Disc are fixed with screws, or metal dowels into reinforced concrete, or shotcrete substrates. The Sikaplan WP 1100 membrane to be heat welded on fixed discs. Sika Waterstops, type AR / DR / AR Inject Description / Material Preformed profiles based on plasticised PVC with/without integrated injection pipes Colours grey, yellow Size according to their respective Product Data Sheets Use Cast in concrete waterstops for creating of compartments and linear fixings of waterproofing sheets exposed to groundwater under hydrostatic pressure 7/43
Sika Dilatec, type E / ER joint sealing tapes Description / Material Colour Size Joint sealing tapes based on plasticised PVC with integrated fleece edges grey (white fleece edge strips) according to their respective Product Data Sheets Use Surface applied joint sealing tape, that are bonded on to the concrete with Sikadur -31 epoxy adhesive to create compartments and for linear fixings of waterproofing sheets exposed to groundwater under hydrostatic pressure Sikaplan WP Trumpet Flange Description / Material Colour Size Use Preformed injection flange in trumpet shape based on plasticised PVC black according to the respective Product Data Sheet Single point injection access port, that are installed on Sikaplan WP membranes and then connected with metal nipple and metal pipe for control of water-tightness and injection of compartment waterproofing system, once cast in concrete Sikaplan WP Control Socket 14 Description / Material Colour Size Use Preformed injection flange based on plasticised PVC yellow according to the respective Product Data Sheet Single point injection access port, that are installed on Sikaplan WP membranes and then connected with injection hose for control of water-tightness and injection of compartment waterproofing system, once cast in concrete 8/43
Sikaplan WP Protection Sheets Description / Material Colour Sheet size Use Fully homogeneous PVC-p based sheet membrane, not bitumen resistant with smooth surface Dark-brown - black according to the respective Product Data Sheets Protection of installed waterproofing membranes against mechanical damage Sikaplan WP Protection Sheets HE Description / Material Colour Sheet size Use Fully homogeneous PVC-p based sheet membrane, homogeneous, not bitumen resistant with embossed surface Dark-brown - black according to the respective Product Data Sheets Protection of installed waterproofing membranes against mechanical damage. Embossed surface faced to waterproofing membrane allow free space for pressure control and injections Sikadur - 31 EP adhesive, normal and rapid Description / Material Colour Packing Use normal rapid two part epoxy resin based adhesive for bonding of Sika Dilatec E/ER type joint tapes to concrete surfaces grey according to the product data sheet For bonding applications at ambient temperature of + 10 C until + 30 C For bonding applications at ambient temperature of + 5 C until + 15 C Membrane Cleaner Sarna Cleaner Sika-Trocal Cleaner Description / Material Solvent containing cleaner Solvent-free cleaner Colour clear liquid Packing according to the respective Product Data Sheets Use Cleaning of contaminated membrane surface 9/43
4. INSTALLATION 4.1 GENERAL SIKAPLAN WP MEMBRABE INSTALLATION PROCEDURE The installation of Sikaplan WP waterproofing sheets must only be performed by skilled and experienced waterproofing contractors, trained in Sikaplan WP membrane welding and installation. In finalising their tender submissions the waterproofing contractor must always have the possibility to inspect the site conditions beforehand. The membrane installation works can be performed in dry weather conditions and ambient temperature of at least min +5 C. Membrane rolls, geotextile rolls, etc. must be stored in horizontal positions in dry areas and protected against exposure to weathering on site. In order to prevent damage of the installed waterproofing membranes, unauthorised individuals must be prevented from having access to the work area during and following the installation. The waterproofing contractor's personnel must only wear suitable shoes with rubber soles, when walking on installed membranes. Smoking and open flames must not be permitted on site. Heat welding machine operators must be trained and instructed on the safety of electrical equipment for site welding procedures. In order to prevent mechanical damage by third parties, the installed membranes must be temporarily protected and/or must be kept under surveillance until their final covering with protective layers. SUBSTRATE PREPARATIONS Substrates of blinding, or concrete surfaces below foundation slabs: The surface of the concrete or mortar must be smooth (steel float finish) and all edges / corners must be rounded to min. radius 5cm. Any projections from the substrate must be removed mechanically by chiselling and / or grinding; nails and wires or loose aggregates must be removed. Any protective mortar layer must have a layer thickness of min. 5cm, if necessary with light reinforcement, to be covered min. 3cm with mortar. The maximum aggregate diameter of mortar screeds must not exceed 4mm. The whole surface must be thoroughly cleaned using high pressure water. Ponding water must be removed and the whole surface must be dried e.g. by using compressed air. Substrate surfaces on refurbished concrete structures: Any existing membrane linings, as well as any debonded rendering and screeds must be removed. Larger cracks and honeycombing must be broken out and reprofiled with repair mortars. Water infiltration must be stopped and sealed, either with waterproofing mortars, or by injection with acrylic resin, or micro-fine cement grout. New rendering and screeds must be applied on blast clean substrates, its maximum aggregate diameter must not exceed 4mm and its surface must be steel-trowel finished. Edges must be chamfered. The whole surface must be thoroughly cleaned using high pressure water. Ponding water must be removed and the whole surface dried e.g. by using compressed air. 10/43
Substrate surfaces on new concrete structures: The surface of the concrete must be smooth (steel trowel finish, resp. first class formwork quality) and edges must be chamfered. Reinforcing steel bars must be covered min. 3cm. Any projections in the cementitious substrate must be removed by chiselling and grinding; nails and wires must be removed. Any honeycombed concrete must be broken out and reprofiled with repair mortar. Water infiltration through cracks of concrete structures, or along steel elements must be sealed, either with waterproofing mortar or by injection of acrylic resin, or micro-fine cement grout. The maximum aggregate diameter of rendering and mortar screeds must not exceed 4mm. The whole surface shall be thoroughly cleaned using high pressure water. Ponding water must be removed and the whole surface must be dried e.g. by using compressed air. Substrate preparation requirements prior to application of Sikadur -31 EP adhesives must be according to its Product Data Sheet. Substrate surfaces on shotcrete / gunite: Unevenness of a shotcrete surface must not exceed the ratio of length to depth unevenness of 5 : 1 and its min. radius must be 20cm. The shotcrete surface must not contain broken aggregates. When these requirements cannot be fulfilled, it is recommended to apply a fine sprayed mortar layer on the shotcrete surfaces to a min. thickness of 5cm and with max. aggregate diameter not exceeding 4mm. Steel elements (girders, reinforcement mesh, anchors etc.) must be covered min. 3cm. Any local water infiltration must be stopped and sealed either with a Sika waterproof plugging mortar, or drained with suitable perorated hose. The prepared surface must be clean and free of loose debris (no loose aggregates, nails, wires, etc.). PROTECTIVE LAYERS The installed waterproofing membrane must be protected against damage from the ground or hard material / elements with a geotextile cushion layer. The geotextile must be based on of Polypropylene non-woven fabric, needle punched, or thermally cured (chemically cured geotextiles are not compatible with membranes and shall therefore not be used). The geotextile must have min. unit weight of 500g/m 2 for use on smooth concrete substrates. Geotextiles must be loose laid and be overlapped min. 100 mm on horizontal areas and be free of loose materials. The physical properties of geotextiles must also fulfil the requirements of any relevant local standards for the protection of membrane waterproofing systems. 4.2 WATERPROOFING DETAILS ON HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL AREAS The installation procedure for waterproofing membranes depends on the: excavation method (open cut / internal to retaining walls) project design selected membrane type and its fixing methods selected waterproofing system (single layer / double layer) As an outline for guidance the following work sequences can be considered as normal practise: Open cut excavation method system: The structure is built in an excavated space with free access to the edges of slabs and external walls, or the excavation is retained with driven steel piles with working space between external walls and these retaining walls. The Sikaplan WP membrane installation is performed in two phases: 1. below the basement slab, prior to concreting 2. to external walls 11/43
1st phase (horizontal) installation of the geotextile on prepared substrate installation of waterproofing membrane, incl. the details as required if specified the installation of 2 nd layer waterproofing membrane, incl. details if specified the formation of compartments preparation of membrane edges for overlapping and welding to the waterproofing at walls installation of protective layers 2nd phase (vertical) installation of geotextile installation of waterproofing membrane, incl. the details as required and welding of membrane at the prepared slab-wall junctions if specified, installation of 2 nd layer waterproofing membrane, incl. details installation of protective layers Construction of basement slab and walls; installation of waterstops (if specified) Diaphragm wall / Shafts / Internal working space only methods: The structure is built in an excavated space, retained with secant piles, or diaphragm walls. The Sikaplan WP membrane installation is performed in one phase: below the basement slab (horizontal), and to the retaining walls (vertical), prior to the pouring of the concrete slab and wall structures. horizontal installation of geotextile on prepared substrate installation of waterproofing membrane, including details if specified installation of 2 nd layer waterproofing membrane, incl. details if specified formation of compartments preparation of membrane edges for overlapping and welding to waterproofing at walls installation of protective layer on membrane 12/43
vertical installation of geotextile installation of membrane, including details and welding of membrane at the prepared slab-wall junctions if specified installation of 2 nd layer waterproofing membrane, incl. details if specified formation of compartments Construction of the basement structure (slab and walls) to the completed waterproofing. The above mentioned guidelines should be divided into single operations with various fixing options, according to the design of each project. The precise operational-sequences must be defined according to the individual project requirements. Waterproofing termination details Where not specified in the relevant standards, the membrane waterproofing system must be terminated min. 1.00m above maximum groundwater level and minimum 0.15m above ground level. The vertical waterproofing may be linear fixed at terminations for the top of vertical loose hanging membranes if the height does not exceed 4.00m (exception: compartment systems with waterstops). Waterproofing of vertical surfaces, which exceeds 4.00m high, requires intermediate linear, or spot fixings at maximum vertical distances of 2.00m. Termination detail using Sikaplan WP Fixation Plates PVC: Unroll and position of the geotextile protective layer, overlapped 100 mm and fixed with Sikaplan WP Fixation Plates PVC and leave loose hanging on the wall. Mount the Sikaplan WP Fixation Plates PVC (size 90mm x 2000mm, mounting holes ø 5mm at 120 mm centres). The top of the plates must be positioned min. 1.00m above max. groundwater level and min. 0.15m above ground level. Between each plate there must be a gap of 2mm. The plates must be fixed with countersunk screws (dia. 4.5mm/length 20 mm, stainless steel) and dowels into the reinforced concrete. These plates must not go across expansion joints. The gap between the concrete surface and profile must be sealed with a permanently elastic silicone based sealant (i.e. Sikasil C). The bonding of sealant on the substrate requires application of a suitable primer. Once the membrane is heat welded at the mounted plates the waterproofing must be protected against UVlight and mechanical damage. Termination detail using Aluminium-sheet metal, formed into profiles (by others): Unrolling and positioning of the geotextile protective layer, overlapped at edges 100 mm and temporarily fixed into the substrate (i.e. with nails). Unrolling and positioning of the waterproofing membrane, min. 80mm overlapped heat- welded, and temporary fixed to the substrate (i.e. with adhesive tapes). Mount the Aluminium-profiles (size 1.5mm x 40 mm x 4000 mm, mounting holes ø 5mm in distance of 150 mm). The top level of the profiles must be positioned min. 1.00m above max. groundwater level, and min. 0.15m above ground level. Between each profile there must be a gap of 5mm. The profiles must be fixed with stainless steel screws (dia. 4.5mm/length 20 mm) and dowels into reinforced concrete. The gaps between the profiles must be covered with 20 mm-adhesive tapes. The profiles must not cross expansion joints. The gap between the concrete surface and the profile must be sealed with a permanently elastic silicone sealant (i.e. Sikasil C). The bonding of sealant on its substrate may require the application of a suitable primer. Once the membrane is fixed with the profiles, the waterproofing membranes must be protected against UV-light and mechanical damage. 13/43
Caution: due to the incompatibility of Aluminium metal surface with concrete, cement or mortar, the mounted profile must not be in direct contact with cementitious substrates, or exposed to cement slurries run off from any sources. Termination detail with Sikaplan W flat profile 30/4 V4A: Unrolling and positioning of the geotextile protective layer, overlapped at edges 100 mm and temporarily fixed into the substrate (i.e. with nails).unrolling and positioning of the waterproofing membrane, min. 80mm overlapped heat- welded, and temporarily fixed to the substrate (i.e. with adhesive tapes). Mount the Sikaplan W flat profiles 30/4 V4A (size 4mm x 30 mm x 2000mm). The top level of the profile must be positioned min. 1.00m above max. groundwater level, and 0.15m above ground level. Between each profile must be a gap of 5mm. The profiles must be fixed with countersunk screws (stainless steel) and dowels into reinforced concrete. The mounted profile must not cross expansion joints. The gap between the concrete surface and the profile must be sealed with a permanently elastic silicone sealant (i.e. Sikasil C ). The bonding of the sealant on the substrate requires the application of a suitable primer. Once the membrane is fixed with the profile, the waterproofing must be protected against UV-light and mechanical damage on site. Termination by welding at Sika Waterstops, type AR / DR: Mount the Sika Waterstops, type AR, with the flat side facing the formwork. Seams of waterstops must be butt jointed and heat welded (also for T- junctions- and expansion joints-elements). The top level of the waterstop must be min. 1.00m above max. groundwater level, and min. 0.15m above ground level. After concreting works, unroll and position of the geotextiles, provisionally fixed (i.e. with adhesive tapes), respective terminated under waterstops and loose hanging. The flat surface of the waterstops must be clean, free of dust, cement, mortar etc. and free from oil or grease. Heat welding the waterproofing membrane onto the waterstops (membrane loose hanging). Once the membranes are fixed to the waterstops, the waterproofing must be protected against UV-light and mechanical damage. Termination by welding at bonded Sika Dilatec, type ER joint sealing tapes: Bond Sika Dilatec, type ER joint sealing tapes with Sikadur -31 EP epoxy adhesive on prepared concrete substrates. Preparation of substrate according to Product Data Sheet for Sikadur -31 adhesive. The top level of the bonded tape must be minimum 1.00m above maximum groundwater level, and minimum 0.15m above ground level. After bonding works, unroll and position the geotextiles, provisionally fixed (i.e. with adhesive tapes), resp. terminated under bonded joint strips and loose hanging. The exposed surface of the bonded strips must be clean, free of dust, residues of cured epoxy adhesive, etc. and free from oil or grease. Heat weld of waterproofing membranes onto the exposed part of bonded joint tape (membrane loose hanging). Once the membrane is welded to the joint tape, the waterproofing must be protected against UV-light and mechanical damage. Fixings on vertical areas Intermediate fixings on walls: Required for wall height, exceeding 4.00m and for compartment systems Fixings with Sikaplan WP Fixation Plates PVC: Mount the Sikaplan WP Fixation Plates PVC (size 90mm x 2000mm, mounting holes ø 5mm at 120 mm centres). The plates must be fixed in horizontal directions and at a vertical spacing of maximum 2.00m at the loose hanging geotextile. Between each profile must be a gap of 2mm. The profiles must be fixed with countersunk screws (dia. 4.5mm/length 20 mm, stainless steel) and dowels into the reinforced concrete. The mounted plates must not go across expansion joints. Heat weld of the waterproofing membrane onto the mounted Sikaplan WP Fixation Plate PVC. Once the membrane is fixed by the profiles the waterproofing must be protected against UV-light and mechanical damage. 14/43
Welding to Sika Waterstops, type AR / DR: Mount the waterstops (PVC / one side ribbed) with the flat side fixed to the formwork, seams (also cross junctions and for expansion joints) with but joints heat welded. The positioning of the waterstops must be according to the specified compartment concept. After the concreting works and removal of formworks, unroll and position of the geotextiles, provisionally fixed (i.e. with adhesive tapes), resp. terminated under waterstops and loose hanging. The flat surface of the waterstops must be clean (dust, cement, etc.) and free from oil or grease. Heat weld of the waterproofing membrane onto the waterstops (membrane loose hanging). Welding to bonded Sika Dilatec, type E joint sealing tapes: Bond Sika Dilatec, type E joint sealing tapes on prepared concrete substrate with Sikadur -31 EP adhesive. Prepare the substrate according to Product Data Sheet for Sikadur -31 adhesive. The positioning of the bonded tapes must be according to the specified compartment concept. After bonding works and after the adhesive is cured, unroll and position of the geotextiles, provisionally fixed (i.e. with adhesive tapes), respective terminated under bonded joint tape and loose hanging. The exposed surface of the bonded tape must be clean, free of dust, residues of cured epoxy adhesive, etc. and free from oil or grease. Heat weld of waterproofing membrane onto the exposed part of bonded tape (membrane loose hanging). Spot fixing by welding at nailed Sikaplan WP Disc in shotcrete / gunite substrate: Fixing of Sikaplan WP Disc discs (ø 80mm) on geotextile into shotcrete, or concrete (the geotextile is fixed with this operation also). The discs must be fixed with nail guns into the shotcrete, or with dowels into predrilled holes in the concrete (i. e. Hilti DX nail gun system / Hilti type DX nail / washer and compatible cartridges). The fixing grid spacing must be min. two fixings each membrane rolls width in the horizontal direction and maximum every 2.00m in the vertical direction. Heat welding of the waterproofing membrane onto the fixed discs. Spot fixing with suspended straps made of membranes: Cut fixing straps of membrane from membrane roll (size approx. 50 mm x 200 mm). Fix of membrane straps on geotextile into shotcrete / gunite, or concrete (the geotextile is fixed with this operation also). The fixing of membrane straps must be executed with nail guns into the shotcrete, or with dowels into predrilled holes in the concrete (i. e. Hilti DX nail gun system / Hilti type DX nail / washer and compatible cartridges). The grid distance shall be min. two fixings each membrane roll width in the horizontal direction and max. 2.00m in the vertical direction. Heat weld of the waterproofing membrane at the fixed straps. Fixings on vertical corners Fixings with Sikaplan WP Fixation Plates PVC: Mount the Sikaplan WP Fixation Plates PVC (size 90mm x 2000mm, mounting holes ø 5mm at 120 mm centres). The plates must be fixed in horizontal directions and at a vertical spacing of maximum 2.00m at the loose hanging geotextile. Between each profile must be a gap of 2mm. The profiles must be fixed with countersunk screws (dia. 4.5mm/length 20 mm, stainless steel) and dowels into the reinforced concrete. Heat weld of the waterproofing membrane onto the mounted Sikaplan WP Fixation Plate PVC. Once the membrane is fixed by the profiles the waterproofing must be protected against UV-light and mechanical damage. Fixings with Aluminium-metal strips (supplied by others) in membrane overlaps: Mount Aluminium-metal strips (size 4mm x 20 mm x 4000 mm, edges rounded/mounting holes ø 5mm in spacing of 150 mm) at edge (seam overlap) of waterproofing membrane roll. Between each strip ends shall be a gap of 5mm. The profiles shall be fixed with countersunk screws (dia. 4.5mm/length 20 mm, stainless steel) and dowels into reinforced concrete. Heat weld of the overlapping membrane roll over top of the fixing. 15/43
Waterproofing details on horizontal and vertical areas Membrane intersection detail between horizontal - vertical areas (prayer seams): Below foundation slaps (suitable for single layer waterproofing only): Loosely layout and heat weld the waterproofing membrane (horizontal) over the geotextile and the mortar screed below the foundation slab. The edge of the membrane should extend approx. 1.00m over the intersection line. Loosely layout of geotextile strip (width approx. 0.40m) at the intersection line on the installed membrane. The extended membrane part must be lapped over the geotextile strip as provisional loop and heat welded on installed waterproofing membrane. After installation of compartment, loosely layout the geotextile on the prepared waterproofing membrane (including over provisional loop), to be overlaid with PE foil 0.30mm (its overlaps sealed with adhesive tapes), or alternatively overlaid with Sikaplan WP protection sheets. Apply protective mortar layer on the PE-foil (cement min. 300kg / m³, aggregate ø 4mm, thickness min. 5cm ). Once the concreting works of slab and walls are completed, the protective layers (mortar screed, geotextile) can be carefully removed. The provisional loop of membrane should be cut off and the geotextile strip removed. Heat welding of the vertical waterproofing on clean membrane of their horizontal waterproofing as a prayer seam. The protective layers over finished prayer seam must then be reformed as a base for the protective layers for the walls. Intersection detail at retaining walls, or at formwork of foundation slaps: Loosely layout and heat weld of waterproofing membrane (horizontal) over the geotextile and the mortar screed below the foundation slab. The temporary edge of the membrane shall extend to vertical wall up to 0.50m above the surface level of the foundation slab and fixed temporary on the retaining wall, or on the formwork of foundation slab. If a double layer waterproofing system is specified, install second layer of waterproofing membrane. After installation of compartment, loosely layout the geotextile on the prepared waterproofing membrane, ready to be overlaid with PE foil 0.30mm (its overlaps sealed with adhesive tapes), or alternatively with Sikaplan WP protection sheets. Apply the protective mortar layer (cement min. 300kg / m³, aggregate ø 4mm, thickness min. 5cm ). Membrane penetrations: Waterproofing details around penetrations (pipe-/anchor steel flanges, etc.) must be installed prior to the membrane waterproofing works. The surface of steel must be smooth, clean and free of oils and grease. Create membrane sealing rings (min. one for each penetration), cut from the rolls of same type of Sikaplan WP waterproofing membranes. Cut these to size according to the dimensions of the penetrations / flanges. Cut an opening in the main waterproofing membrane, equal to the size of the penetration. Overlapping seams of membrane must be bypassed around penetration by using additional separate membrane piece. Do not allow membrane overlaps within any flanged areas. The membrane must be welded outside of flanges, when double layer membrane system has to be installed. The prepared sealing rings must be heat welded onto the waterproofing membrane within the flanged area. Holes in equal diameter to any bolts must be punched through both, the membrane and the sealing ring, exactly at the locations of the bolts. This prepared pieces of waterproofing membrane, incl. welded sealing ring shall then be slipped over the base flange and be fixed to the pressure flange (the membrane shall not be loose or folded and the membrane sealing rings must not be fish mouthed ). Bridge over expansion joints: Mount support steelwork structure over expansion joints in walls and on roof slabs below ground (for waterproofing of structures without compartment system only): mount of stainless steel sheets (size 200 mm x 2000mm / fixingholes, dia. 5mm, distance 150 mm) on o this on side only. The one-sided fixings must be made with countersunk screws and dowels (dia.4.5mm / 20 mm length / stainless steel). Between the ends of metal sheet elements shall be a gap of 2-3mm, which must be covered with 20 mm adhesive tape. 16/43
Installation of the waterproofing membranes Vertical waterproofing: Check the surfaces of geotextiles and mounted metal profiles and details etc. for loose debris or sharp projections that must be removed prior to membrane installation. The membranes must be then be unrolled and installed vertically on the walls using the selected method of fixing: Fixation Plates PVC: heat welding of waterproofing membrane at plates Aluminium-profiles: acc. to separate description Aluminium-strips: acc. to separate description Sika Discs: acc. to separate description Surface waterstop: acc. to separate description glued joint sealing strips: acc. to separate description. Operational sequences: 1. cut the membranes to the approx. size required 2. allow min. 80mm membrane overlaps 3. install the membranes with the selected fixing method at termination and at intermediate fixing points on the wall 4. repeat steps 1. - 3. with next membrane roll 5. heat weld of the vertical overlaps working from bottom to top, then weld the installed membrane to the prepared details (i.e. around corners and penetrations) 6. repeat steps 1. 5. for second layer of membrane, if double layer system is specified Horizontal waterproofing: Check the surfaces of geotextiles and mounted metal profiles and details etc. for loose debris and sharp projections that must be removed prior to membrane installation. Irregular shapes of basement slabs need special consideration of the membrane laying direction in the base (i.e. the most optimised solution regarding cut loss and overall membrane consumption) Operational steps: 1. cut the membranes to the approx. size as required 2. allow minimum 80mm membrane overlaps 3. unroll and position the membrane with sufficient overlaps at edges for connection to the installed vertical waterproofing 4. temporary ballast the positioned membrane (i.e. with sand bags) 5. repeat steps 1. - 4. with next sheets, weld membrane overlaps and weld the installed membrane at prepared detail (i.e. penetrations) and weld the membrane to the vertical waterproofing at edges of basement slabs 6. repeat steps 1. 5. for second layer, if double layer membrane system is specified Compartment waterproofing: creation and connection to surface waterstops: Surface waterstops for compartments, must be made of heat weldable plasticised PVC, compatible to PVC waterproofing membrane and profiled with ribs on one side, or it must be made of bonded joint tapes on base of PVC. Dependent on the type of structures waterproofing membranes must either be heat welded on surface waterstops, respective on bonded tapes, or surface waterstops must be heat welded on waterproofing membranes: open cut excavation Piled shafting / diaphragm wall Basement slabs waterstop on membrane waterstop on membrane Walls membrane on waterstop waterstop on membrane Roof slabs membrane on bonded tape (Sika Dilatec system) membrane on bonded tape (Sika Dilatec system) 17/43
For single layer waterproofing system, each compartment area of the waterproofing must not exceed 150m². According to the type of structure, method of construction and the schedule, the layout and positioning of waterstops and bonded joint sealing tapes must be designed and agreed with the responsible engineer. Surface waterstops, that are to be prepared and installed during the concreting works, must be fixed firmly to the formwork. Cross- and T-junctions of these waterstops must be prefabricated by skilled factory welding from Sika or a qualified local workshop. For double layer waterproofing systems, the compartments must be created according to following requirements: 1. compartments within membrane layers: each field shall not exceed 100m 2 2. compartments with waterstops on the top layer of membrane: each compartment must not exceed 600m 2 3. vertical compartments with waterstops at the top layer of membrane: each compartment must not exceed 400 m2 4. defined positions of control and injection ports and hoses 5. defined positions of welds between membrane layers and waterstops 6. defined positions of welds between membrane layers Heat welding waterproofing membranes on the flat surface of Sika Waterstops, cast into the concrete: Install geotextile cushion layer on concrete substrate, temporarily fixed (i.e. with adhesive tapes), or terminated with overlaps close to the waterstop. The flat surface of the waterstop must be clean and free from dust, cement slurry and free from oil or grease. Any projecting welding seams on the waterstops must be cut off with knives. Heat weld the Sikaplan WP waterproofing membranes onto the Sika Waterstop type AR / DR. Heat weld the waterproofing membrane edges on both sides of joint with expansion joints using Sika Waterstops, type DR, the remaining membrane over the joint opening must be covered a with another membrane strip (width > 20cm) that must be welded on both membrane edges. Heat welding Sika Waterstops on installed Sikaplan WP waterproofing membranes: The surface of installed membrane must be clean and free of dirt oils and grease. The welded seams must be inspected for water tightness and the membrane edges must be chamfered (i.e. with peeling knives). Any projecting welding seams on the waterstops must be cut off with knives. If the side laps of waterstop type exceed 50 mm, the the waterstop can be heat welded directly to the membrane using a hand held manual welder. Direct welding of waterstops with side laps of less than 50 mm requires the use of semi-automatic welding machine type Leister Triac Drive. If such welding tool is not available and the widths of side laps are less than 50 mm, the strips of Sikaplan WP waterproofing membranes must first be heat welded on the flat reverse of the waterstops. Operational steps as follows: Heat weld of Sikaplan WP waterproofing membrane strips (width 20cm: 10cm welding on waterstop / 10cm for later welding on waterproofing membrane) on both flat sides of the waterstop. The membrane strips must be butt-jointed (no overlap seam), staggered from the the waterstop welded joints. The prepared waterstop must then be heat welded with the remaining laps of membrane strips. Mounting of Sikaplan WP Control Socket or Sikaplan WP Trumpet Flange: The control- and injection ports with PVC flanges are connected with clamping rings to metal pipes or plastic hoses with minimum length equivalent to the thickness of the wall or slab. These pipes or hoses are used for access to each compartment to monitor and control the water tightness and when required, seal any leaks by the injection of suitable resins. The correct function of these pipes requires minimum three pipes in each compartment, one at the lowest, one in the middle and one at the highest point. The position of these control- and injection ports in a control box in the internal side of a structure must be designed to allow easy access for use throughout the service life of structure. These pipes / hoses are mounted on the steel reinforcement bars and the PVC flanges are fixed to the formwork or spot welded on the installed waterproofing membrane. Pipes and sockets must be closed and secured during concreting works so that no cement slurry can penetrate into the pipe. 18/43
Waterproofing termination with waterstops on pile caps: Erect formwork around pile caps at the level of the basement slab. Mount the surface waterstop (in plasticised PVC, profiled with ribs to one side), to be fixed with the flat side to inside face of formwork and its butt joint welded. The top level of pile cap must not exceed the top level of waterstop. Reinforcement according to the engineer specified requirements. Pour the sealing grout (i.e. Sika Grout) into the space between the waterstop and concrete of the pile head. Cover top level of the pile head with watertight Sikadur -42 epoxy resin mortar. After removal of the formwork, the surface of waterstop must be cleaned and free from cement, oil and grease. Heat weld the waterproofing membrane to the waterstop. 5. METHODS OF THERMOPLASTIC WELDINGS OF PVC SHEET MEMBRANES Operational steps: Seam overlaps of the membranes must in all cases be minimum 80mm The width of the finished welded seam (single or double seam) must be at least > 30 mm Prior to welding procedure, membrane surfaces shall be dry, clean, and free of dust, oil and grease etc. Sikaplan WP membrane surfaces must be cleaned preliminary to welding procedure in case of polluted surface with Sarna Cleaner or Sika-Trocal Cleaner 2000 Prior to any heat welding work conduct a welding test with membrane specimen (mandatory in order to adjust welding temperature and speed of the machine) For continuous welding performance and weld quality, it is recommended to run welding equipment connected with own direct power supply, or using its own generating set Welding machine operators must be trained and experienced in Sikaplan WP heat welding and familiar with all relevant local regulations including operating in wet, or humid conditions Heat welding tools Sikaplan WP waterproofing membranes can be welded by using suitable heat welding machines of any type. Manual weldings: hand held welding gun i.e. type Leister Triac S, Triac PID, 220 V, resp. 110 V (www.leister.com) hand held welding gun i.e. type BAK Rion, 230 V (www.bak-ag.com) heat nozzles 40 mm and 20 mm, or 30 mm all purpose-nozzle hand held pressure (Silicone) roller with ball bearing (from the same welding machine supplier), in widths of 20 mm and 40 mm always hold a reserve heating element ready on site Semi-automatic welding for horizontal and vertical waterproofing: hand held semi-automatic, self-propelled welding machine, i.e. type Leister Triac Drive, 220V, resp. 110V with adjustable temperature and speed control of the pressure roller (www.leister.com) 19/43
Automatic welding for horizontal and vertical waterproofing: automatic, self-propelled welding machines, i.e. types Leister Twinny S, Twinny T, Comet ( with adjustable temperature, speed and pressure), 220/380V (www.leister.com) automatic, self-propelled, i.e. types BAK Mion, Comon (adjustable temperature, speed and pressure), 230 V (www.bak-ag.com) manual welding semi-automatic welding automatic welding 6. QUALITY CONTROL OF WELDED SEAMS Testing of welded seams: All welded seams must be tested for water-tightness. Testing methods depend on available testing equipment and/or the projects specification. These testing methods include: Visual test with a flat head screw driver: correctly heat welded single seams show continuous welding rope at the seam edge. Irregular, or interrupted welding rope can therefore be the sign of voids or capillaries in the seam glide the head of the screw driver (approx. size 2) using slight pressure along the seam edge and check visually any voids or capillaries that are identified must be rectified manually using hand held welding gun and 20 mm Silicone roller Physical testing with air pressure, i.e. with a testing kit (suitable for double seam weldings only): all double seam welds must be tested with compressed air using the available testing kit, that contain testing needle, reverse flow valve, manometer gauge and air pressure pump (manual, or electric) seal central air channel with clamp at both ends of welded seam being tested insert the testing needle into the air channel, connected with reverse flow valve and manometer at one membrane overlap end. Connect testing kit to hose of manual, or electric compressed air pump. inflate air channel until pressure of 2.0 bar is achieved. Close the reverse flow valve. Disconnect the air hose from testing needle. Check air pressure 20 minutes after inflation procedure. the welded seam can be regarded as tight, if the pressure decrease is less than 20% from the original 2.0 bar during this 20 minutes. Release clamps from both ends of double weld seam and heat weld close the opening by heat welding. Then, heat weld membrane patch over membrane penetration, caused by insertion of testing needle with hand held welding machine. Sign approved and tight seam with marking pen. Record the test in paper sheet form. Repeat this procedure at all double weld seams. if the test of double seam welding fails, inflate the double seam again and search for leaks. Once detected, repair with a membrane patch to be heat welded over defective area. any voids or capillaries must also be rectified with hand held welding gun and 20 mm Silicone roller 20/43
Physical testing with a vacuum bell: This test is suitable to check and approve the water tightness of welded seams at cross- and T-junctions of membrane overlaps and at other details. The following testing equipment is required: vacuum bell (Plexiglas, metal frame with rubber-pressure lips, reverse flow valve, manometer gauge, hose connection) vacuum pump soap solution marking pen (e.g. chalk pen only) Test procedure: apply soap solution over the local seam edge within the area of vacuum bell press the vacuum bell over the seam area, treated with soap solution and build-up the vacuum visual check of seam under vacuum (bubbling soap solution shows a leak) remove the vacuum bell and clean the seam thoroughly with clean rag any leaks should be rectified with a hand held welding gun and 20 mm Silicone roller at welding temperature, alternatively, the area can be sealed with a welded membrane patch 7. CLEANING AND INSPECTION OF COMPLETED WORK The installed membrane surfaces must be cleaned and inspected before installation of any waterstops, control and injection ports, hoses, pipes and protection layers that are specified over membrane. This cleaning and inspection procedure can be performed when one section of the waterproofing is completed, or after completion of the whole area. Representatives from the waterproofing contractor, the responsible engineer / owners representative and / or the client must jointly inspect the completed works. The inspection must be recorded in a written document as an inspection report to be agreed and signed by all parties. The waterproofing contractor must also retain the original labels including the production batch numbers of all of the membrane rolls delivered and installed membrane on the project. 8. PROTECTION OF INSTALLED WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE Preparation works prior to installation of protection layers on the completed waterproofing: The membrane surface must be clean (free from loose stones, sand, construction waste, etc.), and all of the specified waterstops and control- and injection pipes (if compartment system is specified) must be completed and all of the welded seams tested and approved. Open cut excavation Procedures for waterproofing under basement slabs: loose layout of geotextile 500g/m², min. 100 mm overlapped. Any waterstops for compartments must be kept unprotected. Use sandbags for temporary ballast of geotextile alternatively, use the loose laid Sikaplan WP protection sheets minimum 80mm overlapped. Waterstops for compartments shall be kept unprotected. Use sandbags for temporary ballast of protection sheets 21/43
loose layout of Polyethylene foil 0.30mm as separation-/gliding layer on geotextile, overlap 100 mm to be sealed with adhesive tapes prior to application of protective mortar layer (cement min. 300kg/m³, thickness min. 50 mm, reinforced with wire mesh if required). Any waterstops forming compartments must be left unprotected and exposed. At external walls: geotextile 500g/m², 100 mm overlapped, suspended from the top and free hanging as an alternative, use Sikaplan WP protection sheets 80mm overlapped, suspended from the top and free hanging erect protective block / brickwork firmly on the waterproofing alternatively use sprayed concrete / mortar, thickness min. 50 mm, with light reinforcement mesh if required, faced with glass fleece, fixed and suspended from the top On roof slabs below ground: loose layout of geotextile 500g/m², min. 100 mm overlapped. Use sandbags for temporary ballast of geotextile as an alternative, use Sikaplan WP protection sheets, min. 80mm overlapped. Use sandbags for temporary ballast of protection sheet loose layout of Polyethylene foil 0.30mm as separation-/gliding layer on geotextile, overlap 100 mm to be sealed with adhesive tapes application of protective mortar layer (cement min. 300kg/m³, thickness min.50mm, if necessary use reinforced wire mesh). For procedure with piled / diaphragm walls Below basement slabs: loose layout of geotextile 500g/m², min. 100 mm overlapped. Any waterstops forming compartment must be kept unprotected. Use sandbags for temporary ballast of geotextile as an alternative, use Sikaplan WP protection sheets min. 80mm overlapped. Any waterstops for compartments must be kept unprotected. Use sandbags for temporary ballast of geotextile loose layout of Polyethylene foil 0.30mm as separation-/gliding layer on geotextile, overlap 100 mm to be sealed with adhesive tapes application of protective mortar layer (cement min. 300kg/m³, thickness min.50mm, if necessary use reinforced wire mesh). Any waterstops of compartment must be kept unprotected / exposed At the retaining walls: direct placing of concrete on the waterproofing membrane formwork for construction-/expansion joints require a soft medium on membrane surface (i.e. plastic hose, cut-off in longitudinal direction and capped over the formwork edge) Reinforcement bars must be held in position with suitable spacers (material compatible to plasticised PVC) min. 50 mm from the membrane surface Provisional layout of non-combustible mineral wool insulation boards to protect the membrane against sparks from steel welding works for special situations or on request, a fine sprayed concrete protective layer can be used, thickness min. 50 mm, reinforced with suspended light mesh and glass fleece (waterstops for compartments must be kept free). 22/43
On roof slabs below ground: loose layout of geotextile 500g/m², min. 100 mm overlapped. Use sandbags for temporary ballast of geotextile as alternative, loose layout of Sikaplan WP protection sheets min. 80mm overlapped. Use sandbags for temporary ballast of protection sheet loose layout of Polyethylene foil 0.30mm as separation-/gliding layer on geotextile, overlap 100 mm to be sealed with adhesive tapes application of protective mortar layer (cement dosage min. 300kg/m³, thickness min. 50 mm, use reinforced wire mesh if required). 23/43