Suppressing Aflatoxin Growth in Post-harvest Storage Advances in Safe Storage & Drying for the Developing World & Aflatoxin Control USDA International Aflatoxin-in- Maize Working Group: Global Solutions for Worldwide Problems May 14-16, 2013 presented by Philippe Villers President, GrainPro Inc. A Green, Not Only For Profit Company 1
Research on Aflatoxins (AF) ~Dr. J.H. Williams, University of Georgia An estimated 4.5 billion people in developing countries are at risk of uncontrolled or poorly controlled exposure to AF. Up to 40% commodities in local African markets exceed allowable levels of aflatoxins for foods. A cross-sectional study in Ghana shows that immune systems of HIV-infected people are significantly modified if they have above median levels of natural exposure to AF. People with a high AF biomarker status in The Gambia and Ghana were more likely to have active Malaria. 2
Aflatoxin Producing Molds 3
Permissible Aflatoxin Levels In 2010, because of excessive aflatoxin levels. 4
the World Bank Report Missing Food: The Case of Post Harvest Grain Losses in Sub-Saharan Africa 2011 0 0 Maize Losses 20-25% 5
The Green Revolution, Phase II, the Storage Revolution At the heart of improving post-harvest drying & storage for a hungry and poverty-troubled world is the widespread application of PPT4036PV0313-7 2013 GrainPro, Inc. 6
What is Airtight Hermetic Storage? A Modern Green solution to Safe Storage Low O2 / high CO2 environment kills living insects without pesticides Gas-tight storage Facility (1-2% Oxygen) (to all too common 25% losses!) Prevents growth of mold producing aflatoxins (decreasing vulnerability to cancer & HIV) Prevents increase in Free Fatty Acids (FFAs) Moisture level remains constant 7
GrainPro s Hermetic Storage Today in 87 Countries Afghanistan, Angola, Australia, Bangladesh, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chad, China, Cyprus, Colombia, Costa Rica, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea Bissau, Hawaii, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Israel, India, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Laos, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mauritania, Mozambique, Mexico, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Rwanda, Senegal, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, East Timor, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, United Arab Emirate, United Kingdom, United States, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe 8
Aflatoxin level in ppb FROM PRELIMINARY REPORT, FEBRUARY 2013: MILLENIUM VILLAGE STUDY RUHIIRA, UGANDA Aflatoxin Levels 90 Monthly aflatoxin concentration with time in maize grains stored under different storage facilities 80 70 50 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 36.7 24.5 13.2 16.9 19.7 9.3 14 2.4 1.2 5 7.89 March April May June Month of assessment Direct on floor Ordinary bag Supergrain bag 9
% crude protein loss FROM PRELIMINARY REPORT, FEBRUARY 2013: MILLENIUM VILLAGE STUDY RUHIIRA, UGANDA Crude Protein Loss 120 Monthly percentage crude protein loss with time for maize grains under different storage facilities 100 80 60 40 20 0 42.1 37.5 32.2 18.24 23.5 11.2 17.1 0 0.7 2.2 March April May June Month of assessment Direct on floor Ordinary bag Supergrain bag 10
Increase in Aflatoxin Concentration During Storages in the Farmers Fields-Ground Nuts Icrisat, Mali data (Courtesy of Baozhu Gou, Ph.D. -USDA-ARS Tifton,GA, USA) (May 2013) Village At harvest Aflatoxin content (ppb) 1 month in storage 2 months in storage Bamba (5) 101.3 168.9 275.5 Gouak (5) 61.4 118.0 174.7 Kolokani (5) 119.2 352.6 400.0 Sido (5) 53.7 93.6 166.2 PPT4045PV0413-1 2013 GrainPro, Inc 11
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IRRI (International Rice Research Institute) Hermetic Storage of Rice is becoming increasingly popular across Asia, and for good reason as well as being transportable, it is better than airconditioned storage and almost as good as a cold room, at a fraction of the cost. ~Rice Today - January-March 2009, Martin Gummert, IRRI 13
Examples of Hermetic Storage from Around the World 14
Private / Public Partnership GrainKeep Center Mindanao, Philippine Project 2013 Key Components: Cocoons for Crops Collapsible Dryer Case Small Office / Test Lab Test Equipment Shed-Shelling Bagging / Cleaning 15
Warehouses & Large Outdoor Stores Large Scale Hermetic Storage INDOOR Loading Corn in a Cocoon--Rwanda OUTDOOR Seed storage in Rwanda 16
Processors & Exporters 150-Tonne Cocoons Cocobod, Ghana Cargill, Philippines Cocoa Storage Corn for Feed Prevents Growth of FFAs & Aflatoxins 17
PROCESSORS & EXPORTERS TranSafeliner in Guatemala (For intercontinental shipments) Loading a TranSafeliner (TSL ) 18
Collapsible Dryer Cases Solar drying Seeds in Santa Marta, Colombia 19
SMALL FARMERS Rice seed stored in SuperGrainbags Testimony of small farmer in the Philippines 20
Summary Forms of Modern Post Harvest Storage Solutions Airtight Storage 60kg 1000 tonnes Cocoon SGB TSL GrainKeep Center CDC GrainSafe 21
Aflatoxin Reduction Is there sufficient emphasis on Postharvest Drying & Storage Growth? What percentage of the time are excessive levels of aflatoxins originating in field vs. only after storage? 22
THANK YOU! Contact: Philippe Villers, President, GrainPro, Inc. 200 Baker Avenue, Suite 309 Concord, MA 01742 (978) 371-7118 pvillers@grainpro.com www.grainpro.com 23