Solutions with Sika Systems Composite Fabrics for Structural and Seismic Strengthening Hybrid fiber fabrics Glass fiber fabrics Structural epoxy resins Carbon fiber fabrics Composite Strengthening Systems A global alliance between Sika and Hexcel.
Structural Strengthening with Composites Composites System Composites are high strength materials bonded with structural epoxy resins and adhesives for strengthening purposes. They are available both as factory pultruded plates plates which are bonded on site with Sikadur structural epoxy adhesives, and also as woven fabrics fabrics which are laminated and bonded on site using Sikadur structural epoxy resins. Walls Beams Access Masonry openings walls Floors Columns Decks Strengthening System Requirements Structural Requirements Static loading Dynamic loading Crack bridging Creep Durabliity Requirements under Environmental Influences Temperature Moisture Frost Freeze/thaw Corrosion Ultra violet radiation Plates and Sikadur Adhesives Advantages Defined performance properties Range of dimensions optimum design Choice of modulus Factory prepared for use Low temperature application with heated plates Elevated temperature in service grade Can be prestressed Very high strength Fabrics and Sikadur Adhesives Advantages strengthening Impact and blast resistance Very flexible for details Easy on circular and square sections High strength Carbon fiber, glass and hybrid fabrics available Strengthening of the reinforced concrete slab with the Plate System. Application of Fabric System for impact resistance on a bridge column. Composite Strengthening Systems. A Global Alliance between Sika and Hexcel. 2 3
Composite Fabrics for Structural and Seismic Strengthening Strengthening Applications with All Types of Structures Buildings Bridges Tunnels Tanks Parking Marine Industrial Water Power Column Strengthening Beam Strengthening Slab Strengthening All Types of Strengthening Flexural Impact Blast Seismic Stiffening Deflection Fatigue Impact strengthening of a bridge. Strengthening in a car park for stiffness. strengthening in a building. Surface preparation and sealing cracks with Sikadur injection. All Types of Substrates Concrete Cast and Wrought Iron Steel Masonry Timber Restraint strengthening the top of a bridge column. strengthening overview. Preparation of for flexural strengthening of slab. Testing of Testing of Seismic Behaviour of RC Columns Strengthened by Moment (knm) 250 200 150 100 Unstrengthened column buckled from Northridge. CA earthquake of 1994. Bridge column tested for ductility at the Charles Lee Powell Structural Research Laboratory USCD. 50 0 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 50 Displacement (mm) 100 150 200 250 Bending Moment Displacement Diagram of the Retrofitted Specimen: n = 8 4 5
Application Procedures systems can be applied by two different processes according to the client and the site s requirements. These are known as the wet and dry processes respectively: In the wet process the fabric is impregnated with Sikadur epoxy resin in a saturator machine and applied wet to the sealed substrate. In the dry process the dry fabric is applied directly into the Sikadur resin which has been applied uniformly onto the concrete surface. Following the Sika wet or the Sika dry process can achieve equal performance on site. Selection of the Appropriate Composite System System Selection Chart for Reinforced Concrete Application Field CarboDur Plates Hex Hex Carbon Systems Glass Systems Beam Strengthening Wet Fabric Application Process Sealing the concrete with Sikadur epoxy resin. Seals the concrete and promotes adhesion. Impregnation of fabric using saturator machine. Controls resin distribution and increases productivity on largescale projects. Dry Fabric Application Process Sealing and saturating the concrete with Sikadur epoxy resin. Seals the concrete and promotes adhesion. Dry fabric is applied directly onto the resin saturated concrete surface. Quick installation on small-scale projects. Slab Strengthening Column Strengthening Impact Seismic Wall Strengthening Impact Seismic Blast acceptable method best method Wet fabric is applied onto the sealed concrete surface. Flexible to accommodate the shape of any structure. The fabric is rolled with a laminating roller. Air voids eliminated and fabric saturated. Sikadur epoxy resin based structural resins and adhesives proven in segmental bridge construction and structural strengthening worldwide since 1960. Sikadur epoxy resin systems also have outstanding mechanical and chemical properties which have been repeatedly proven in extensive testing programs throughout the world. The Sikadur or Sikagard topcoat applied over the fabric. Sika s wide range of coatings can be applied for protective or aesthetic purposes. The Sikadur or Sikagard topcoat applied over the fabric. Sika s wide range of coatings can be applied for protective or aesthetic purposes. Specific test data giving the precisely defined adhesive performance include: Water absorption Tensile strength Modulus of elasticity Bond strength strength Durability Creep resistance Squeezeability and sag resistance Corrosion resistance Wetting ability Glass transition temperature Compressive strength Minimal shrinkage Solvent free Sikadur defined resin and adhesive performance. Segmental bridge construction with Sikadur epoxy resin adhesive. External steel plate structural strengthening with Sikadur epoxy resin adhesive. 6 7
Composite Fabrics for Structural and Seismic Strengthening Material Characteristics Hex Fabrics Dry Application Wet Application Wet Application Hex-230C Hex-103C Hex-100G Weight 230 g/m 2 610 g/m 2 920 g/m 2 Tensile strength 3500 N/mm 2 3500 N/mm 2 2250 N/mm 2 of fibers Tensile modulus 230000 N/mm 2 230000 N/mm 2 70000 N/mm 2 of fibers Sikadur Epoxy Adhesives Dry Application Sikadur -330 Wet Application Sikadur Hex-300/-306 Flexural modulus 3800 N/mm 2 3120 N/mm 2 Adhesive strength on concrete > 4 N/mm 2 > 4 N/mm 2 (concrete failure) (concrete failure) Viscosity Pasty Low viscous Plates S M H E-modulus 165000 N/mm 2 210000 N/mm 2 300000 N/mm 2 Tensile strength 2800 N/mm 2 2400 N/mm 2 1300 N/mm 2 Sikadur Epoxy Adhesives and Mortars Sikadur -30 Sikadur -41 E-modulus 12800 N/mm 2 9000 N/mm 2 Adhesive strength on concrete > 4 N/mm 2 > 4 N/mm 2 (concrete failure) (concrete failure) Your Local Sika Company The information, and, in particular, the recommendations relating to the application and end-use of Sika products, are given in good faith based on Sika s current knowledge and experience of the products when properly stored, handled and applied under normal conditions. In practice, the differences in materials, substrates and actual site conditions are such that no warranty in respect of merchantability or of fitness for a particular purpose, nor any liability arising out of any legal relationship whatsoever, can be inferred either from this information, or from any written recommendations, or from any other advice offered. The proprietary rights of third parties must be observed. All orders are accepted subject to our current terms of sale and delivery. Users should always refer to the most recent issue of the Technical Data Sheet for the product concerned, copies of which will be supplied on request. Internet: http://www.sika.com ISO Certified Quality System 9001/ EN since 1986 29001 Certified Management System ISO 14001 since 1997 S&W 3. 99 / 98 SIC 6.23 / Sika AG, Switzerland