Enhancing Pulses Production on Sustainable Basis

Enhancing Pulses Production on Sustainable Basis Dr. B. Rajender, IAS Joint Secretary (Crops) National Food Security Mission (Pulses) Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare Government of India

Pulses for nutritional security Pulses constitute a very important dietary constituent for humans and animals because of their richness with proteins (ranging from 20 to 27%, depending upon the crop species) and essential minerals, vitamins and dietary fibres. The protein content of grain legumes is double that of wheat and three times that of rice. Therefore, pulses as a complement to cereals, make one of the best solutions to protein-calorie malnutrition. Beside proteins, these are also important source of the 15 essential minerals required by human beings. Pulses occupy a unique place in India s nutritional food security.

Present Status of Pulses in India India is the largest producer, consumer and importer of pulses. All time record pulses production of 22.95 million tonnes is estimated during 2016-17 as per 4 th advance estimate. The previous highest pulses production of 19.25 million tonnes was attained in the year 2013-14. The major pulses producing states are Madhya Pradesh (27.2%), Maharashtra (16.6%), Rajasthan (13.3%), Uttar Pradesh (9.5%), Karnataka (7.5%), Andhra Pradesh (4.2%), Gujarat (3.6%), Jharkhand (3.4%) and Chhattisgarh (3.2%), which together accounts for 88.5 % of the total production during 2016-17.

Share of individual pulses (2016-17) Other Rabi Pulses 13% Arhar 21% Urad 11% Gram 41% Moong 9% Other Kharif pulses 4%

Sr.No 1 2 3 4 The details of production target for individual pulse crop during XII Plan ( million tonnes) Pulse crop 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17* T A T A T A T A T A Arhar 3.27 3.02 3.20 3.17 3.72 2.81 3.67 2.56 3.62 4.78 Gram 7.96 8.83 8.66 9.53 9.30 7.33 9.50 7.06 9.60 9.33 Urdbean 1.82 1.90 1.83 1.70 1.61 1.96 1.81 1.95 2.15 2.80 Mungbean 1.34 1.19 1.33 1.61 1.50 1.50 1.71 1.59 1.87 2.16 Total pulses 18.24 18.34 19.0 19.25 19.50 17.15 20.05 16.35 20.75 22.95 Kharif pulses 7.35 5.91 7.0 5.99 7.0 5.73 7.05 5.53 7.25 9.42 Rabi pulses 10.89 12.43 12.0 13.25 12.5 11.42 13.0 10.82 13.50 13.53 (* 4 th Advance Estimate) T= Target A= Achievement

Per Capita availability of Pulses in India S. No. Year Gram per capita per day Kg per capita per year 1 2005 31.5 11.5 2 2006 32.5 11.8 3 2007 35.5 12.9 4 2008 41.8 15.3 5 2009 37.0 13.5 6 2010 35.4 12.9 7 2011 43.0 15.7 8 2012 41.6 15.2 9 2013 43.3 15.8 10 2014 47.2 17.2 Source: Agricultural statistics at a glance, 2015

Constraints in Pulses Production Poor genetic yield potential and lack of technological breakthrough in the varietal development. Inadequate availability of quality seeds of improved varieties. Inadequate and imbalanced use of nutrients Pulses suffer heavily from soil moisture stress/drought Yield losses due to insect-pests and diseases Lack of mechanization Area Expansion: Unutilized potential of rice fallows

Enhancing Pulses Production Approach I Productivity Enhancement Approach II Area Expansion

Approach - I : Productivity Enhancement Activities Improving Seed Replacement Rate Providing life saving irrigation in pulse districts Ensuring availability of critical inputs Mechanization for pulses production Action plan Advance planning for each state rolling seed plan; production of sufficient quantity of breeder seed and their conversion into foundation & certified seed; maintenance of seed buffer; public-private partnership and farmers participatory seed production Micro-irrigation through sprinklers or drip and rainwater harvesting Timely availability of critical inputs like bio-fertilizers, sulphur, zinc, gypsum, boron, bio- pesticides etc. at field level Farm machinery for essential agricultural operations like tillage, planting, harvesting, inter-cultivation, threshing, processing etc. through cooperatives or custom hiring 2/26/2018 9

Approach-II: Area Expansion Potential crop/ cropping systems Specific area/niche Increase by 2020-21 (million ha) 1. INTERCROPPING Mungbean with Sugarcane (Irrigated); & with Cotton & millets (Rainfed Upland) Pigeonpea with soybean, cotton, sorghum, millets & groundnut (Rainfed Upland) Chickpea with barley, mustard, linseed & safflower (Rainfed) Uttar Pradesh (Central, Eastern & Western), Bihar; Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh & Tamil Nadu Andhra Pradesh, Malwa (Madhya Pradesh), Vidarbha (Maharashtra ), Karnataka (North), Tamil Nadu Rajasthan(South Eastern), Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Vidarbha(Maharashtra ) 0.30 0.30 0.10 Chickpea/lentil with autumn planted / ratoon sugarcane Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar 0.30 2/26/2018 10

Potential crop/ cropping systems 2. CATCH CROP Mungbean summer Approach-II: Area Expansion contd spring/ Specific area/niche Uttar Pradesh (Central &Western) Haryana, Punjab, Bihar, West Bengal 3. RICE FALLOWS Chickpea Uttar Pradesh (Eastern), Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha Increase by 2020-21 (million ha) 0.50 0.20 Urdbean/mungbean Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, Karnataka 0.20 Lentil Uttar Pradesh(Eastern), Bihar, West Bengal 0.10 Assam, Jharkhand Lentil/fieldpea North-East 0.10 4. KHARIF FALLOW Urd/mung Uttar PradeshP (Bundel.), Madhya Pradesh 0.30 Total 2.40 2/26/2018 11

Policy Initiatives taken for self sufficiency in pulses National Food Security Mission (NFSM) was launched in 2007-08 with the objective to increase pulses production by 2 million tonnes by the end of the 11 th Plan. The Government has given top priority to increase production of pulses in the country through area expansion and productivity enhancement. Consequently, the pulse production was increased from 14.20 million tonnes in 2006-07 to 17.09 million tonnes by 2011-12, i.e. 2.89 million tonnes. NFSM was continued in 12 th Plan with new target of additional 4 million tonnes of pulses production. All time record production of 22.95 million tonnes of pulses was achieved during 2016-17 and additional pulses production during 12 th plan was 5.86 million tonnes.

Policy Initiatives taken for self sufficiency in pulses...contd. Around 60% of the total allocation of NFSM is made towards NFSM- Pulses to increase the production of pulses in the country through area expansion and productivity enhancement. Financial assistance for various interventions like demonstration of improved technologies, distribution of quality seeds of new varieties, integrated pest management and soil amendments, farm machinery & implements, water saving devices and capacity building of farmers are being provided under NFSM and RKVY to enhance the production and productivity of pulses. Under revamped NFSM, the pulses component of NFSM is extended from 468 to 638 districts of 29 states including all districts of North-Eastern states and hill states like Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Uttarakhand.

Policy Initiatives taken for self sufficiency in pulses...contd. The cultivation of pulses as inter-crop with cereals, oilseeds, commercial crops and on farm bunds of paddy fields is being promoted to increase the area under pulses. At least 30% of the cluster demonstrations under NFSM and BGREI are being conducted by adopting cropping system approach to utilize the paddy fallow area for pulses cultivation. Under NFSM, a programme of Additional area coverage for increasing pulses production during Rabi/Summer was also being implemented since 2012-13 to expand area and enhancement of productivity of pulses during rabi/summer season in major pulse growing states.

Policy Initiatives taken for self sufficiency in pulses...contd. Moreover, value chain integration of pulse growers through formation of Farmer-Producer Organizations (FPOs) are also being promoted through SFAC, particularly, to support the small and marginal farmers to offer collective strength for seed production, procurement and access to improved technologies. Besides this, primary processing of pulses is encouraged by establishment of mini dall mills under NFSM for realization of better market price. SAUs/ICAR/CGIAR institutes are also involved to address various researchable issues of pulses and demonstrations of latest technologies for better yield realization at farmers field.

Policy Initiatives taken for self sufficiency in pulses...contd. Enhancing Breeder Seed Production for Increasing Indigenous Production of Pulses in India For strengthening of breeder seed programme at ICAR institutes and SAUs project was approved in 2016 for 12 centers in 8 states with total budget of Rs. 2039 lakh for 2 years (2016-17 & 2017-18). Indian Institute of Pulse Research, Kanpur is nodal agency for this project. During 2016-17, total of 5163.20 quintals of additional breeder seed have been produced against target of 3367.50 quintals. Creation of seed hubs for increasing Indigenous production of pulses in India Total of 150 seed hubs have been approved starting from 2016 involving seven ICAR institutes, 46 AICRPs and 97 KVKs in 24 States with ICAR- IIPR, Kanpur as nodal agency for three years with total budget of Rs. 225.3 crore. During 2016-17, total of 52376 quintals of certified seed have been produced against target of 41774 quintals. During 2017-18, target of 125320 quintals of certified seed production has been fixed.

Policy Initiatives taken for self sufficiency in pulses...contd. Cluster Front Line demonstration on Pulses through ATARIs/KVKs Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVKs), a vast network of ICAR in the country, play an important role in demonstrating the improved crop production technologies in farmer s fields and multiplication of seeds of pulses. The demonstration of each pulse crop is organized in cluster approach and varieties included in demonstrations are not older than 10 years. During the year 2016-17, cluster demonstrations were conducted on 28764.05 ha against target of 31000 ha involving eight ATARIs on lentil, green gram (summer), chickpea, field pea, black gram, Rajmash, French bean, pigeon pea, horse gram and cowpea. New high yielding varieties and best management practices were used in demonstration plots. During 2017-18, 31366 hactare demonstrations of pulses are to be organized by 549 KVKs and Rs. 26.11 crore has been allocated for this purpose.

Policy Initiatives taken for self sufficiency in pulses...contd. Seed mini-kits of pulses For expansion of cultivation of new varieties of pulses, a target of 8.095 lakh number of seed mini-kits of pulses have been approved (347625 for Kharif, 270375 for Rabi and 191500 for Summer) for the year 2017-18 for distribution to farmers free of cost through State Governments.

Minimum Support Price (Rs/qtl) S. No. Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Kharif Crops 1 Arhar (Tur) 3850 4300 4350 4625 5050 5450 2 Moong 4400 4500 4600 4850 5225 5575 3 Urad 4300 4300 4350 4625 5000 5400 Rabi Crops 4 Gram 3000 3100 3175 3500 4000 4400 5 Masoor (Lentil) 2900 2950 3075 3400 3950 4250 Source: CACP

Crop Area (lakh ha) % Total Production (lakh tonnes) % Total Productivit y (kg/ha) Chickpea 139.81 16.41 137.30 17.72 982 Lentil 45.24 5.31 48.27 6.23 1067 Pigeon pea 70.33 8.26 48.90 6.31 695 Pea 69.32 8.14 111.86 14.44 1614 Beans 306.13 35.93 245.16 31.64 867 Total Pulses 851.91 774.73 909 FAO Statistics 2014

Global Ranking in area, production and yield of total pulses Country Area (lakh ha) Production (L tonnes) Country Area % Cont Prod % Cont Country Yield kg/ha India 303.1 35.58 India 199.80 25.79 Bahrain 18485 Niger 54.7 6.42 Myanmar 59.77 7.72 Ireland 5886 Myanmar 42.0 4.93 Canada 58.28 7.52 Israel 5576 Nigeria 38.5 4.52 China 41.13 5.31 Belgium 4445 Brazil 32.1 3.77 China mainland 41.01 5.29 Tajikistan 3985 Canada 28.7 3.37 Brazil 33.06 4.27 Denmark 3952 China 23.8 2.80 Ethiopia 26.13 3.37 China mainland Trinidad & Tobago 3919 23.8 2.79 USA 23.95 3.09 UK 3755 Tanzania 20.7 2.43 Russia 22.94 2.96 Netherland 3639 Mexico 18.3 2.15 Australia 22.47 2.90 India 660 World 851.91 World 774.73 World 909 FAO Statistics 2014

Export Quantity in lakh tonnes Name of pulses 2016-17 2014-15 % Share 2015-16 % Share (April- Feb) % Share Peas 0.04 1.8 0.06 2.5 0.07 6.4 Chickpeas 1.90 85.6 2.17 84.9 0.68 60.0 Tur (Arhar) 0.01 0.5 0.04 1.6 0.11 10.1 Moong, Urad, Lentil 0.12 5.4 0.18 7.1 0.24 21.0 Other Pulses 0.15 6.7 0.10 3.9 0.04 3.5 Total 2.22 2.55 1.14 Import Import Quantity in lakh tonnes Name of pulses 2016-17 2014-15 % Share 2015-16 % Share (April- Feb) % Share Peas 19.52 42.6 22.45 38.7 29.9 49.1 Chickpeas 4.19 9.1 10.31 17.8 9.3 15.3 Tur (Arhar) 5.75 12.5 4.62 8.0 6.6 10.9 Moong, Urad, Lentil 14.39 31.4 18.42 31.8 12.9 21.2 Other Pulses 1.99 4.3 2.10 3.6 2.2 3.6 Total 45.84 57.9 60.9 Source: Department of Commerce

Pulses Top 5 Export Destination Top 5 Import Destination Shri Lanka (81.07%) Canada (60.97%) Nepal (12.56%) Russia (14.82%) Peas Ukraine (4.28%) USA (6.96%) USA (1.63%) France (5.36%) Bangladesh (0.42%) Lithuania (4.15%) Pakistan (35.60%) Australia (74.40%) Algeria (15.17%) Russia (16.49%) Chickpeas Turkey (8.58%) Tanzania (2.79%) Sri Lanka (8.07%) Myanmar (0.92%) U Arab EMTS (4.97%) USA (0.74%)

Pulses Top 5 Export Destination Top 5 Import Destination Moong/Urad Lentil USA (39.96%) Myanmar (70.37%) Shri Lanka (13.05%) Kenya (7.43%) UK (9.86%) Australia (6.32%) Australia (7.77%) Tanzania (3.15%) Malaysia (7.63%) Uzbekistan (2.60%) Sri Lanka (43.39%) Canada (89.58%) Bangladesh (18.11%) USA (7.47%) U Arab EMTS (8.35%) Australia (2.88%) Egypt (3.98%) Turkey (0.03%) USA (3.67%) Mozambique (0.03%)

Pulses Top 5 Export Destination Top 5 Import Destination USA (40.79%) Myanmar (46.35%) U Arab EMTS (18.28%) Tanzania (18.71%) Pigeon peas Canada (11.28%) Mozambique (15.36%) UK(10.75%) Malawi (12.56%) Singapore (5.11%) Sudan (3.36%) Source: Department of Commerce