a trophic level? A trophic level is a feeding level Draw a trophic pyramid on the board and label the levels. A pyramid. 1,2,3,4 bottom to top. Identify an organism on each of the first 4 trophic levels. First = plants, second = insects, third = bird, fourth = hawk that eats bird How much energy is passed up at every level? A pyramid. 1,2,3,4 bottom to top. The majority of the energy lost is in the form of. Waste Heat 1
difference between a food chain and a food web? Food chain is more simple and linear. Food web shows multiple interconnections. ecology? The study of the home. The study of interrelationships between plants, animals, and their abiotic environment. A more stable biome will have a food web. More diverse, more complex Draw a three organism food chain on the board. Grass rabbit fox Label the secondary consumer, producer, and primary consumer. Grass producer, rabbit primary consumer, fox secondary consumer another name for a producer? Autotroph 2
another name for a consumer? Heterotroph Put these in order from largest to smallest: Organism community species population ecosystem Ecosystem, community, population, species, organism a biogeochemical cycle? A repeating process that processes essential nutrients through both the living and the nonliving environment. denitrification? Turning Nitrates in the soil into atmospheric nitrogen Describe an ecotone. Provide and example. An ecotone is a transition zone between two habitats. Example a wetland inbetween a pond and the land. Elaborate on the tolerance ranges of generalist species vs specialist species A generalist will have a greater tolerance range of temperature, habitat type etc. A specialist will have a narrower tolerance range. 3
A fox is dead in the desert. What are two possible limiting factors that could have caused its death? Lack of water, lack of food, lack of habitat, predator What are 2 differences between an chemosynthetic autotroph and a photosynthetic autotroph. Chemosynthetic uses hydrogen sulfide to make energy and happens deep underwater in hydrothermal vents. Photosynthetic uses sunlight to make energy and happens where there is sunlinght. shape of an energy pyramid? A traditional right side up pyramid shape Explain why this biomass pyramid has this shape Explain why this biomass pyramid has this shape difference between a biomass pyramid and a pyramid of numbers? Biomass is mass(weight) and numbers is just the numbers of species. 4
INTRAspecific competition? Two organisms from the same species competing over a resource. Ex: two bobcats competing over rabbits to eat. A warthog competing with a warthog is what type of competition? Interspecific or Intraspecific. Intraspecific same species Explain competitive exclusion using two lemurs that eat only grasshoppers. Two lemurs competing for the same limited food source will lead to one taking the majority of food and outcompeting the other one. One species will be excluded because of competition: it will have to leave or it will die out. Explain resource partitioning using a lake. A lake can be partitioned by different species of fish eating at different levels (top, middle, bottom, edges, etc) of the lake. Explain what type of competition this is: a dingo is snarling and baring its teeth at a competitor. Interference or Exploitation Interference because the dingo is interfering with the other competitors ability to get to the food. How can one plant facilitate the growth of another? A plant can add matter to help build the soil. A legume can add nitrogen. The plant can die returning nutrients to the soil. 5
How can one plant inhibit the growth of another. One plant can inhibit (hurt) the growth of another by: releasing toxins into the soil, shading out the other plant, etc. Explain the concept of tolerance using an early and a late successional species. An early and a late successional species living together in the same place are tolerating each other. difference between primary and secondary succession? Primary succession starts with bare rock. Secondary succession starts with soil already in place. What can a resilient ecosystem do? A resilient ecosystem can recover from disturbance quickly. Give an example of a resilient ecosystem. A grassland is a resilient ecosystem. If there were a disturbance like a fire the grasses would grow back quickly in comparison to a forest. The forest would be less resilient because it takes more time for trees to grow. Why does a train have a lot of inertia? A train has a lot of mass. It is difficult to get started moving or to stop it from moving. 6
Give an example of an ecosystem with a lot of inertia. A desert or a rain forest has a lot of inertia. It is very difficult for these to become any other type of ecosystem. difference in immigration between a near and a far island? A near island will have more immigration because it is closer. difference in extinction between a large and small island that are equidistant from the shore? A large island will have a higher rate of extinction than a small island that are equidistant from the shore. What biome has very little stratification? A desert, or a grassland. Stratification is layers: a rainforest will have a lot of layers. What are 3 predator strategies or adaptations Keen eyesight, ambush, sharp claws/talons, fast speed, etc. What are 3 prey strategies or adaptations Eyes on sides of heads, run fast, camoflauge, mimicry, defensive smells 7