Model Calibration & Verification Using WinSLAMM v10 to Meet Urban Stormwater Management Goals 1 Model Strength Based on Extensive Field Monitoring Data: Source Areas Roofs, Streets, etc. End of Pipe Many Land uses Stormwater Control Practices Lawn Sheet Flow Sampler: Tipping Bucket for Flow and Cone Splitter for Water Sample Page 1
Source Area Sampling End of Pipe Monitoring :Mass Balance Page 2
New Bioretention Monitoring Project New Source Area Sampling Page 3
Description of Seven Study Areas SITE LAND USE ACRES FLOW Conc. Harper Residential 41 55 32 Monroe Residential 232 75 71 Canterbury Residential 964 55 23 Marquette Resid/Com. 288 64 14 Superior Commercial 22 91 21 Syene Rd. Industrial 114 108 82 Badger Rd. Maint. Yard 4 40 18 Harper Madison WI: Residential Page 4
Marquette Michigan: Res/Comm. (288 acres) Maintenance Yard Madison WI: 4 acres End of Pipe Monitoring : Tertiary Sources Page 5
Syene Industrial Park, Madison WI: 114 acres Measured versus Modeled Runoff, inches SITE Number of Events Measured Runoff Modeled Runoff Difference, % Harper 55 7.3 5.3-27% Monroe 75 8.2 8.8 7% Canterbury 55 5.4 5.9 10% Marquette 64 2.4 2.4 0% (19%) Superior 91 19.8 20.2 2% (-4%) Syene 108 29.5 28.7-3% (-8%) Badger 40 14.9 14.3-4% Page 6
Observed vs. Predicted Runoff Superior Outfall Observed vs. Predicted Runoff at Syene Outfall Predicted Runoff (in) 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 - - 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 Observed RO (in) P redicted Runoff (in) 2.50 2.25 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 - - 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 Observed Runoff (in) Observed vs. Predicted Runoff at Madison Maintenance Yard Outfall 3.0 2.5 Predicted Runoff (in) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 - - 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Observed Runoff (in) Type of Pollutants Suspended Solids Total Solids Total Phosphorus Total Lead Total Zinc Total Copper Dissolved Phosphorus Dissolved Lead Dissolved Zinc Dissolved Copper Bacteria Organic Toxicants Page 7
Basic Program Operation Particulate Solids Loading Street Dirt Accumulation Commercial Street Dirt Accumulation Loading (lbs/curb-mi) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 0 5 10 15 20 Time (days) Smooth Streets Intermediate Streets Street dirt washoff and runoff test plot, Toronto Pitt 1987 Page 8
Suspended Solids Concentrations during Washoff Tests Pitt 1987 Street Dirt Changes Over Time Example Accumulation, Washoff and Street Cleaning Curve 1,200.00 Street Dirt Level (lbs/curb-mi) 1,000.00 800.00 600.00 400.00 200.00 0.00 460 465 470 475 480 485 490 495 500 Time (days) Page 9
We will cover... WinSLAMM Purpose, History and Unique Features Model Applications Small Storm Hydrology Basic Program Structure and Operation Treatment Practices Model Input/Output 19 Basic Program Structure Control Devices Wet Detention Ponds Porous Pavement Street Cleaning Catchbasin Cleaning Grass Swales and Grass Filters Biofiltration/bioretention Green Roofs Proprietary Controls (media filters and hydrodynamic devices) Beneficial Uses 20 Page 10
Full scale street cleaning tests using conventional and highenergy street cleaners (street dirt loading and washoff monitoring and outfall water quality monitoring) 21 2,500 2,250 Measured Versus Modeled Street Loads With Mechnical Broom Street Cleaning - Residential 2004 Pre Sw eeping Post Sw eeping Modeled 2,000 1,750 lb/curb-m ile 1,500 1,250 1,000 750 500 250 0 38047 38077 38107 38137 38167 38197 38227 38257 38287 22 Page 11
Scour of Captured Sediment in Storm Drain Catchbasin Inlets Three flow rates: 10, 5, and 2.5 LPS (160, 80, and 40 GPM) Velocity measurements (Vx, Vy, and Vz) Five overlying water depths above the sediment: 16, 36, 56, 76, and 96 cm G 12 19 20 F 5 11 18 21 27 16 36 56 76 96 E 4 10 17 22 28 D 3 9 16 23 29 C 2 8 15 24 30 B 1 7 14 25 31 A 6 13 26 155 total points per test 30 velocity measurements at each point y x 23 CFD Modeling to Calculate Scour/Design Variations Used CFD (Fluent 6.2 and Flow 3D) to determine scour from stormwater controls; results being used to expand WinSLAMM analyses after verification with full-scale physical model This is an example of the effects of the way that water enters a sump on the depth of the water jet and resulting scour Calibrated CFD Model with Air Entrainment Uncalibrated CFD Model without Air Entrainment 24 Page 12
Monitored Full-Scale Setup in Tuscaloosa, AL 25 National Stormwater Quality Database North West Great Lakes South West Central East Coast South East 26 Page 13
Number of Standard Land Use Files Used for Each Category Commer. Indus. Instit. Open Space Resid. Freeways/ Highways Total by Region Central 4 2 4 1 5 3 19 East Coast 3 1 1 1 2 3 11 Great Lakes 6 4 4 2 11 4 31 (the USGS/DNR files) Northwest 2 1 1 1 3 3 11 Southeast 7 2 3 5 8 4 29 Southwest 5 1 1 1 2 3 13 Total by Land Use 27 11 14 11 31 20 114 27 28 Page 14
Current Project Calibrating and Setting up WinSLAMM for US Naval Facilities (15 San Diego, Norfolk, and Puget Sound Bases) San Diego naval bases observed vs. calculated loads (p = 0.56) Virginia naval bases observed vs. calculated loads (p = 0.26) Washington naval bases observed vs. calculated loads (p = 0.67) All sites naval bases observed vs. calculated loads (p = 0.44) Page 15
Percent 99.9 99 95 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 5 Probability Plot of obs Zn mass lbs, calc Zn mass lbs Lognormal - 95% CI Variable obs Zn mass lbs calc Zn mass lbs Loc Scale N AD P -2.246 2.918 60 1.660 <0.005-1.792 2.458 60 1.349 <0.005 1 0.1 0.0000001 0.000001 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 Data 100 1000 10000 100 Total Zn (lbs) 10 Calculated Total Zn Mass (lbs) 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.00001 0.0000001 0.00001 0.001 0.1 10 Observed Total Zn Mass (lbs) Page 16
Main features of the naval facilities project included: - Historical monitoring data used for calibration - Many unique surfaces (compacted soil in scrapyards, airfields, piers, etc.) - Field washoff tests for material sources (galvanized metals, roofing, fencing, pallets, gang planks, generators, etc. - Laboratory leaching tests for pipe and tank materials used to supplement the field washoff tests - Expanded WinSLAMM to allow additional paved and non-paved areas having unusual characteristics Page 17