INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT Quinn Schroeder
OVERVIEW PESTICIDES IN THE NEWS PROS & CONS OF PEST MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES RODENT ID & CONTROL UNDERSTANDING S.P.P. INSECTS INSECT CONTROL MONITORING AND ELIMINATING RESIDUAL PROTECTION FUMIGATION - PHOSPHINE RESISTANCE AUSTRAILIA S REGULATIONS U.S. STATUS
PESTICIDES (FUMIGANTS) IN THE NEWS 2015 VIRGIN ISLANDS METHYL BROMIDE FLORIDA SULFURYL FLUORIDE 2016 TEXAS - PHOSHINE "Yasmeen was a quiet simple girl, looking forward to graduation." [The boy] wanted to be a priest and was an alter server... He was a gentle soul, slow to anger and quick to provide comfort. "Johnny was a comic. So smart and so aware of his strengths and weaknesses. He was the first to laugh at himself and never met a stranger who wasn't just a friend in the making. Felipe "was everyone's friend." The brothers were barely able to move months later, trapped in bodies badly damaged by the nerve agent. "Neurologically, it's like being in a torture chamber." The teens' father was slowly improving, but still suffering from severe tremors, struggling to speak and unable to turn the pages of a book Everyone was vomiting A 10-year-old boy is suffering from brain damage after a botched fumigation [The boy] has traumatic brain injury and loss of motor skills. He's got his personality; he will still smile and still laugh, but he can't get the words out that he wants to say and can't move the way he wants to move, and frustration sets in.
By 2050 there will be an estimated >9 billion people on the earth which requires 70% more food than current levels. PROTECT AND PRESERVE THE FOOD SUPPLY
FOOD SAFETY PEST MANAGEMENT ANNUAL FOOD POISONING 48 MILLION GET SICK (1 IN 6 PEOPLE) 128,000 HOSPITALIZED 3,000 DEATHS
EFFECTIVENESS TIME HOLD/RESIDUAL COST PROS & CONS MONITORING SCHEDULED INSPECTION, PHEROMONES PREVENTING SPRAYING, BAITING, CONDITIONING REACTING FUMIGATING, FOGGING
Prevention Evaluate and Review Conducive Conditions Corrective Actions
Monitoring Establish Data Trend Analysis Utilize Indicators
Communication Involve Inform Implement
Evaluate Prepare Perform Control
Rodents House Mouse Only needs ¼ inch gap to access bldgs. Consume 1/10 ounce food per day Most damaging pest to grain Don t need water Capable of 36,000 droppings per year
Rodents Norway Rat Large, robust Belly Color - Mostly grayish Tail - Shorter than body; dark above; pale below; scales Nose - Muzzle blunt Longer adaptation to environment
RODENT CONTROL UNDERSTANDING THE PEST GENERALLY, SEXUAL MATURITY IS REACHED IN 5-8 WEEKS
CONTROLLING RODENTS: BAITING OR TRAPPING
CONTROLLING RODENTS: RESTRICTED USE PESTIDES
CONTROLLING RODENTS: RESTRICTED USE PESTIDES - FUMIGANTS
HOW MANY RATS CAN YOU FIT IN 2 FT3?
SIGNS OF A POOR IPM PROGRAM
SIGNS OF A POOR IPM PROGRAM
SIGNS OF A POOR IPM PROGRAM
SIGNS OF A POOR IPM PROGRAM
SIGNS OF A POOR IPM PROGRAM
PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY (FUNGUS)
PRIMARY WEEVIL LESSER GRAIN BORER PENETRATING MOUTH PARTS
SECONDARY FLOWER BEETLES INDIANMEAL MOTHS (LARVAE) FEED ON BROKEN KERNALS IMM LIFE STAGE SPECIES IDENTIFICATION
TERTIARY (FUNGUS) GRAIN BEETLES PSOCIDS TOP OF GRAIN MASS EXTERIOR OF SILOS
800 2003-2004 Cumulative Insect Counts 700 Total Number of Insects 600 500 400 300 2.5 Year Historical IMM Flour Beetle Cigarette Beetle 200 100 0 8/2/2002 9/2/2002 10/2/2002 11/2/2002 12/2/2002 1/2/2003 2/2/2003 3/2/2003 4/2/2003 5/2/2003 6/2/2003 7/2/2003 8/2/2003 9/2/2003 10/2/2003 11/2/2003 12/2/2003 1/2/2004 2/2/2004 3/2/2004 4/2/2004 5/2/2004 6/2/2004 7/2/2004 8/2/2004 9/2/2004 10/2/2004 11/2/2004 12/2/2004 1/2/2005 Date of Service Week
CUSTOMER INQUIREY
DETAILED DOCUMENTATION COMPANY INSURANCE DETAILED PESTMANGEMENT PROTOCOLS INDIVIDUAL AND STATE LICENSING FOOD SAFETY OBSERVATIONS SERVICE REVIEWS & PUL s ANNUAL TRENDING HISTORY GMP S & SOP S SDS & PESTICIDE LABELS
PESTICIDE RESISTANCE Currently, resistance to every synthetic insecticide used Random mutations in populations Overuse of chemicals Under-applying chemical rates Billion Dollar Bug Corn Rootworm Bt Resistance toxins to insect gut Toxin receptor alteration Single-crop farms EPA requires farmers to manage resistance Crop Rotation Insecticide class rotation
PHOSPHINE RESISTANCE PH3 USED SINCE 1930 s Genetic inheritance Survival of few individuals drive selection of traits Traits to resist PH3 are heritable PH3 affects oxidation in cell organelles Like Bt resistance, PH3 resistance is spreading No EPA regulations yet PH3 applied according to label Increased monitoring Increased sealing Insecticide rotation and residuals
VIRTUAL CASE STUDY
FUMIGATE
FUMIGATE
80 YEARS!
PROBLEMS DIFFICULT/IMPOSSIBLE FUMIGATION MIGRATION TO OTHER BINS HEAVY GRAIN DAMAGE HIGH TEMPERATURES INTRODUCTION OF SECONDARY AND FUNGUS FEEDERS CUSTOMER UNSATISFACTION AND MUCH MORE
Types of bins/storage Weather conditions Structural Restrictions Safety Restrictions
Rice Weevil
Bt Resistance (CRW) US Phosphine Resistance - Australia
Phosphine Resistance - Australia Time to population extinction of key phosphine resistant pests at two phosphine concentrations at 68 o F. (SR-FGB: strong resistant flat grain beetle, SR-PSO: strong resistant psocid, source: Nayak and Collins (2008) and SR-LGB: strong resistant lesser grain borer, source: Collins et al., (2005).
Australia VS US Fumigation Requirements US Temperature 41-53F for 8 days 54-59F for 4 days 60-68F for 3 days >68F for 2 days Aeration to 0.3ppm. Australia Temperature 77F for 7 days 59 76F for 10 days <59F Do not fumigate Different aeration requirements Withholding period 2 days Pressure Testing Grain moisture > 9%
Phosphine Resistance - Australia Nationwide resistance monitoring program Longer time and higher temperature requirements Pressure testing is a federal requirement
Case Study - Oklahoma Samples With > 80% PH3 Resistance Frequency Red Flour Beetle (RFB) No Resistance / USDA Sample 5 Phosphine (ppm) to Kill 99.9% Insects 3 ppm 337 ppm Lesser Grain Borer (LGB) No Resistance / USDA Sample 1 Sample 5 Sample 4 2 ppm 572 ppm 2054 ppm 3430 ppm
PH 3 Resistance Management Ways to fight it #1 Follow the label and monitor Alternative Chemicals Preventative Treatments Empty Bin Spraying Empty Bin Fogging Grain Protectants Exterior Spraying
CONTACT INSECTICIDES CRACK & CREVICE SPRAYING HELPS CONTROL INSECTS HIDDEN DURING APPLICATION GRAIN PROTECTANTS APPLY ON MOVING GRAIN LONGTERM RESIDUAL FOGGINGS EFFECTIVE ON FLYING INSECTS CONTROLS LARGE VOLUME STRUCTURES (ENTIRE SILOS OR WAREHOUSES)
Phosphine Resistance Management Alternative Chemicals Sulfuryl fluoride Most promising alternative fumigant Can be used as phosphine resistance breaker Dead bugs do not breed resistance Drawbacks Poor efficacy against egg stage More temperature dependent More expensive
Let s Remember PROTECT
THANK YOU Quinn Schroeder Toledo Area Manager (317) 727-5471 Q.Schroeder@FumigationZone.com