Bottleneck analysis of end oflife waste recycling The Near Zero European Waste Innovation Network 3rd PROMETIA Scientiffic Seminar 14.12.2016, Berlin John Bachér VTT
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd A leading R&D organisation in Nordic countries We provide expert services for our domestic and international customers and partners, both in private and public sectors TOP 2 VTT is second most active patenting organisation in Finland (2014) 36% of Finnish innovations include VTT expertise We use 4 million hours of brainpower a year to develop new technological solutions Net turnover and other operating income 272 M for VTT Group in 2015 (VTT Group s turnover 185 M in 2015) Personnel 2,470 (VTT Group 31.12.2015 ) Unique research and testing infrastructure Wide national and international cooperation network 14/02/2017 2
Content of the presentation Background of New_InnoNet project Bottleneck analysis method Bottleneck analysis example on end of life vehicle (ELV) Crosslinking results from all three analysis
New_InnoNet project Set up and maintain near zero waste stakeholders platform Analyse selected waste streams and develop innovation roadmaps per waste stream Automotive End of Life Vehicles ICT WEEE Plastic packaging Develop an integrated near zero waste strategic research and innovation agenda Facilitate interaction among mobilized stakeholders
4 lines of action in New_InnoNet ACTION LINE 1 Value chains and stakeholders identify and involve relevant stakeholders in shaping our future's economy, analyze their position, roles, interests and attitude to the circular economy concept ACTION LINE 2 Bottlenecks and best practices identify and analyse existing bottlenecks on transition from linear to circular approach in value chains, gather and cluster existing and in the pipeline solutions to overcome them ACTION LINE 3 Shared vision and roadmaps create an industry supported common vision as a basis for the shift towards the near zero waste economy, develop Roadmaps for three selected value chains ACTION LINE 4 Strategic R& I Agenda develop a Strategic R&I Agenda for waste reduction targets in value chains propose policy recommendations to foster the near zero waste economy
Bottleneck analysis methodology 14.02.2017 Berlin, 3rd PROMETIA Scientiffic Seminar
Bottleneck analysis target Objectives To identify, analyse and prioritize existing bottlenecks of transition towards near zero waste value chains WEEE ELV plastics packaging To define commonalities between value chains and bottlenecks
Bottleneck analysis approach Task 1. Development of a common methodology for bottleneck analysis Tasks 2, 3 and 4. Analysis of the WEEE, ELV and plastics packaging waste value chains using the methodology Step 1 Description of value chains Operations, actors and products Covering whole the product cycle, main focus on waste value chain Step 2 Identification of the bottlenecks of transition towards near zero waste value chains
Bottleneck analysis approach Step 3 Analysis of the effects of removing of the bottlenecks Analysis criteria: Economic value, improval of material and environmental efficiency Step 4 Prioritisation of the bottlenecks by sector experts using Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods Performed by sector experts in a workshop Giving weights to the criteria and calculation of weighed values of the bottlenecks Objective Criteria 1 Criteria 2 Criteria 3 Alternative A Alternative B Definition Scale Equally important 1 2 Moderately more important 3 4 Strongly more important 5 6 Very strongly more important 7 8 Extremely more important 9
ELV bottleneck analysis 14.02.2017 Berlin, 3rd PROMETIA Scientiffic Seminar
ELV value chain Production chain Waste supply chain
Car composition now and in future 2013 2025 Steel Alumimium Iron Copper Other Metals Non Metallics Steel Alumimium Iron Copper Other Metals Non Metallics Source: Automotive Aluminum Growth and Joining Trends, 2014
ELV mass balance best practice example Material mass balance Recycling realization SLF: Shredder light fraction SHF: Shredder heavy fraction (includes non ferrous metals) Source: van der Have et al. 2016
Identified bottlenecks Altogether 15 bottlenecks were identified in ELV value chain 5 bottlenecks with quantifiable background data were selected for the MCDM process (sector experts workshop) 10 additional bottlenecks were identified however not analyzed with MCDM due to the lack of data Performance of collection and monitoring Performance of dismantling/ reuse Performance of separation, technology Limited and low quality application outlet for non metallics Low cost of energy recovery and landfilling alternatives
Criteria weights and bottleneck analysis Weights of ELV criteria ELV bottlenecks 0.5 0.300 0.45 0.4 0.250 0.35 0.3 0.200 0.25 0.150 0.2 0.15 0.100 0.1 0.05 0.050 0 Losses of plastics Losses of Femetals Losses of non Fe metals Cost of recycling 0.000 Inadequate performance of the separation, sorting and refining technology Inadequate performance of vehicle dismantling and reuse application Limited and low quality application outlets of non metallic ELV materials Inadequate performance of ELV collection and monitoring Low cost of energy recovery and landfilling alternatives compared to material recovery Losses of plastics Losses of non Fe metals Losses of Fe metals Cost of recycling
Sensitivity of criteria weights
Conclusions The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) highlighted Inadequate performance of vehicle dismantling and reuse application as the most valued decision alternative of the analysed five bottlenecks. Inadequate performance of the separation, sorting and refining technology as well as Inadequate performance of ELV collection and monitoring were valued nearly as strongly as the first one. The remaining two qualitative nature bearing bottlenecks gained clearly lower importance than the three technical ones. The Cost of recycling criteria dominated in nearly all bottlenecks and was seen as one of the most determining criteria in all bottlenecks Losses of non Fe metals criteria played significant role especially in the technical nature bearing bottlenecks. The sensitivity of results to individual criterion weights revealed that all criteria except Losses of plastics could change the most valuable bottleneck between the three technical ones.
Cross linking the results per value chain 14.02.2017 Berlin, 3rd PROMETIA Scientiffic Seminar
Objectives and findings Main aim to identify commonalities between bottlenecks To enhance development of unified or interlinked solutions applicable for several value chains To enhance transfer of knowledge between value chains Many similarities in the operational environment, value chains and materials identifies Many similarities in bottlenecks, although differences in detail and weighing High priority bottlenecks were linked to the following categories: Inefficient collection and monitoring of the collection systems Sorting, recycling and recovery technologies Product design/composition of the input material
Findings and exploitation Bottlenecks/challenges are interlinked, several different types of actions needed to remove/ reduce the impact of the bottlenecks Legislative, economic, etc. incentives can be seen as key enablers of the solutions Exploitation of the results Report available for stakeholders on project web pages Can be exploited both by actors of the WEEE, ELV and Plastic packaging sector Also widely for other sectors and actors of the society In New_InnoNet the analysis provided input to innovation roadmaps and strategic research and innovation agenda
Further information All Value chain analysis reports and bottleneck commonalities report (D2.5 Bottleneck_analysis_key_findings_and_commonalities.pdf) are public and free for download from http://www.newinnonet.eu/
The Consortium PNO CONSULTANTS, Netherland Van Gansewinkel Groep, Netherlands Tecnalia Research & Innovation Construction Unit, Spain VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finland STIFTELSEN SINTEF, Norway Swedish Environmental Research Institute IVL, Sweden Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas (IETU), Poland ARN HOLDING, Netherlands Plastics Recyclers Europe, Belgium European Plastics Converters, Belgium Environmental Performance Agency IHOBE, Spain VITO, Belgium
Interested? www.newinnonet.eu 14.02.2017 Berlin, 3rd PROMETIA Scientiffic Seminar