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Transcription:

EIS TABLE OF CONTENTS GLOSSARY OF TERMS... GL-1 Glossary and Abbreviations... GL-1 Units... GL-14 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... ES-1 INTRODUCTION... ES-1 PROJECT PROPONENTS... ES-1 LOCATION... ES-1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION... ES-3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT... ES-4 PROJECT RATIONALE... ES-5 SGCP Benefits and Opportunities... ES-5 Relationship to Other Projects... ES-6 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES... ES-7 Mine Location... ES-7 Coal Export and Infrastructure Location... ES-7 Accommodation... ES-7 Conceptual and Technological Alternatives... ES-7 Co-location Opportunities... ES-8 Consequences of Not Proceeding... ES-9 ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES, POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES... ES-9 Climate... ES-9 Land... ES-9 Nature Conservation... ES-14 Water Resources... ES-19 Air Quality...ES-23 Greenhouse Gas Emissions... ES-24 Noise and Vibration... ES-26 Waste Management... ES-27 Transport...ES-28 Cultural Heritage... ES-29 Social Environment... ES-30 Cultural Heritage... ES-29 Economics...ES-31 Hazard and Risk... ES-32 Management Plans... ES-33 1. INTRODUCTION... 1-1 1.1. PROJECT PROPONENT... 1-1 1.1.1. AMCI (Alpha) Pty Ltd... 1-1 1.1.2. Alpha Coal Pty Ltd... 1-1 1.2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION... 1-2 1.3. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER PROJECTS... 1-9 1.4. THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCESS... 1-11 1.4.1. Objectives and Structure of the EIS... 1-11 1.4.2. Methodology of the EIS... 1-12 1.4.3. Submissions... 1-13 i

1.5. PUBLIC CONSULTATION PROCESS...1-14 2. PROJECT RATIONALE AND ALTERNATIVES... 2-1 2.1. PROJECT RATIONALE... 2-1 2.1.1. Economic Benefits... 2-2 2.1.2. Social Benefits... 2-2 2.1.3. Environmental Implications... 2-3 2.1.4. Technical Feasibility and Commercial Viability... 2-3 2.2. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES... 2-3 2.2.1. Locality Alternatives... 2-3 2.2.2. Conceptual/Technological Alternatives... 2-5 2.2.3. Co-Location Opportunities... 2-14 2.2.4. Consequences of Not Proceeding with the SGCP... 2-15 2.3. ECOLOGICALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT...2-16 2.3.1. Integration of Economic, Environmental, Social and Equitable Considerations... 2-17 2.3.2. Precautionary Principle... 2-18 2.3.3. Inter-generational and Intra-generational Equity... 2-18 2.3.4. Biodiversity Conservation... 2-19 2.3.5. Valuation Mechanisms... 2-19 3. PROJECT APPROVALS... 3-1 3.1. INTRODUCTION... 3-1 3.2. RELEVANT LEGISLATION AND APPROVALS... 3-3 3.2.1. Commonwealth Legislation... 3-3 3.2.2. State Legislation... 3-6 3.2.3. Local Government Legislation... 3-26 3.2.4. Commonwealth Obligations... 3-28 3.2.5. Relevant Plans... 3-30 3.2.6. Accredited Process for Controlled Actions under Australian Government Legislation... 3-35 4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION... 4-1 4.1. LOCATION... 4-1 4.1.1 Regional Context... 4-1 4.1.2. Local Context... 4-1 4.1.3. Tenements and Tenures... 4-1 4.2. RESOURCE BASE AND MINE LIFE...4-29 4.3. PROJECT TIMING...4-31 4.4. CONSTRUCTION...4-31 4.4.1. Pre-Construction... 4-34 4.5. OPERATIONS...4-35 4.5.1. Geotechnical Assessment... 4-35 4.5.2. Mine Sequencing... 4-35 4.5.3. Open Cut Operations... 4-38 4.5.4. Underground Mining Operations... 4-40 4.5.5. Coal Reclaim and Preparation... 4-44 4.5.6. Product Handling... 4-48 4.6. TRANSPORT...4-48 4.6.1. Road... 4-48 ii

4.6.2. Rail... 4-49 4.6.3. Air... 4-52 4.6.4. Ship... 4-52 4.7. WASTE MANAGEMENT... 4-52 4.7.1. Air Emissions... 4-52 4.7.2. Waste Rock... 4-53 4.7.3. Coal Rejects... 4-53 4.7.4. Solid and Liquid Waste Disposal... 4-54 4.8. ACCOMMODATION... 4-54 4.9. POWER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION... 4-55 4.9.1. Construction Power... 4-55 4.9.2. Operations Power... 4-55 4.10. WATER MANAGEMENT... 4-56 4.10.1. Water Management System... 4-56 4.10.2. Water Consumption and Supply... 4-59 4.11. ASSOCIATED INFRASTRUCTURE... 4-60 4.11.1. Mine Industrial Area... 4-60 4.11.2. Underground Services Area... 4-61 4.11.3. Sewage and Waste Water... 4-61 4.11.4. Explosives Storage Facility... 4-62 4.11.5. Quarry... 4-62 4.11.6. Fuel Storage... 4-62 4.11.7. Telecommunications... 4-63 4.11.8. Compressed Air Distribution... 4-63 4.11.9. Other Buildings/Facilities... 4-64 4.12. EMPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS... 4-64 4.12.1. Construction... 4-64 4.12.2. Operations... 4-65 4.12.3. Decommissioning... 4-66 4.13. ONGOING EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION ACTIVITIES... 4-66 4.14. REHABILITATION AND DECOMMISSIONING... 4-66 4.14.1. Rehabilitation... 4-66 4.14.2. Decommissioning... 4-68 5. REHABILITATION AND DECOMMISSIONING... 5-1 5.1. ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES... 5-1 5.2. GUIDELINES AND OBJECTIVES... 5-1 5.3. MINING PROCESSES... 5-2 5.3.1. Land Disturbance and Clearing... 5-3 5.3.2. Topsoil Salvage... 5-3 5.3.3. Mining Operations... 5-4 5.3.4. Waste Rock Characteristics... 5-4 5.3.5. Coal Reject Characteristics... 5-5 5.3.6. Waste Rock Emplacements... 5-6 5.3.7. Geotechnical Assessment... 5-7 5.4. POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES... 5-8 5.5. REHABILITATION PROCESSES... 5-8 5.5.1. Design Criteria... 5-8 5.6. PROGRESSIVE REHABILITATION... 5-9 iii

5.6.1. Progressive Rehabilitation Plan Year 1... 5-10 5.6.2. Progressive Rehabilitation Plan Year 2... 5-11 5.6.3. Progressive Rehabilitation Plan Year 3... 5-11 5.6.4. Progressive Rehabilitation Plan Year 4... 5-11 5.6.5. Progressive Rehabilitation Plan Year 5... 5-11 5.6.6. Progressive Rehabilitation Plan Year 10... 5-11 5.6.7. Progressive Rehabilitation Plan Year 15... 5-11 5.6.8. Progressive Rehabilitation Plan Year 20... 5-12 5.6.9. Progressive Rehabilitation Plan Year 25... 5-12 5.6.10. Progressive Rehabilitation Plan Year 30... 5-12 5.6.11. Progressive Rehabilitation Plan Year 33... 5-12 5.7. STANDARD REHABILITATION PROCESSES...5-35 5.7.1. Shaping and Contouring... 5-35 5.7.2. Topsoil Stripping... 5-35 5.7.3. Handling and Storage of Topsoil... 5-36 5.7.4. Erosion and Stability... 5-37 5.7.5. Topsoil Spreading... 5-39 5.7.6. Seeding... 5-39 5.8. SPECIFIC REHABILITATION PROCESSES...5-40 5.8.1. Sediment Control and Erosion... 5-40 5.8.2. Flood Mitigation... 5-41 5.8.3. Geotechnical Stability... 5-41 5.8.4. Subsidence... 5-42 5.9. DECOMMISSIONING...5-42 5.9.1. Exploration Areas... 5-43 5.9.2. Waste Rock Emplacements... 5-43 5.9.3. Final Low Wall, Void and Ramps... 5-43 5.9.4. Water Management Structures... 5-44 5.9.5. Diversion Drains... 5-44 5.9.6. Access/Haul Roads... 5-44 5.9.7. Overhead Powerlines... 5-44 5.9.8. Infrastructure... 5-44 5.9.9. Waste Disposal... 5-45 5.10. MONITORING AND SUCCESS CRITERIA...5-45 5.10.1. Native Bushland... 5-46 5.10.2. Grassland Suitable for Grazing... 5-46 5.11. POST-MINE LAND USE...5-48 6. CLIMATE, NATURAL HAZARDS AND CLIMATE CHANGE... 6-1 6.1. CLIMATE... 6-1 6.1.1. Temperature... 6-2 6.1.2. Rainfall... 6-4 6.1.3. Wind Speed and Direction... 6-5 6.1.4. Relative Humidity... 6-7 6.1.5. Evaporation... 6-7 6.2. EXTREME EVENTS... 6-8 6.2.1. Flooding/Cyclones... 6-8 6.2.2. Bushfires... 6-9 6.2.3. Landslides... 6-10 iv

6.2.4. Earthquakes... 6-11 6.3. CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT... 6-11 7. LAND... 7-1 7.1. LEGISLATION/GUIDELINES... 7-1 7.2. EXISTING ENVIRONMENT... 7-1 7.2.1. Land Use and Tenure... 7-1 7.2.2. Topography... 7-9 7.2.3. Geology... 7-9 7.2.4. Soils... 7-23 7.2.5. Land Contamination... 7-31 7.2.6. Scenic Amenity and Lighting... 7-31 7.3. POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES... 7-39 7.3.1. Land Use and Tenure... 7-39 7.3.2. Topography... 7-41 7.3.3. Geology... 7-42 7.3.4. Soils... 7-48 7.3.5. Land Contamination... 7-52 7.3.6. Scenic Amenity and Lighting... 7-53 7.3.7. Cumulative Impacts... 7-75 Annexure A Queensland Contaminated Land Register and Environmental Management Register Search Results... 7-76 8. NATURE CONSERVATION... 8-1 8.1. INTRODUCTION... 8-1 8.1.1. Legislation... 8-1 8.2. TERRESTRIAL FLORA... 8-2 8.2.1. Study Area... 8-2 8.2.2. Methodology... 8-7 8.2.3. Vegetation Communities... 8-9 8.2.4. Flora Species... 8-28 8.3. TERRESTRIAL FAUNA... 8-35 8.3.1. Methodology... 8-35 8.3.2. Habitat Features within the SGCP Area... 8-39 8.3.3. Fauna Species... 8-44 8.3.4. Migratory Species... 8-51 8.4. SURFACE AQUATIC ECOLOGY... 8-54 8.4.1. Study Area... 8-55 8.4.2. Methodology... 8-55 8.4.3. Existing Environment... 8-59 8.5. SUBTERRANEAN FAUNA... 8-65 8.5.1. Methodology... 8-65 8.5.2. Existing Environment... 8-72 8.6. POTENTIAL IMPACTS... 8-77 8.6.1. Potential Impacts on Terrestrial Flora... 8-77 8.6.2. Potential Impacts on Terrestrial Fauna... 8-89 8.6.3. Potential Impacts on Surface Aquatic Ecology... 8-99 8.6.4. Potential Impacts on Subterranean Fauna... 8-103 8.7. MITIGATION MEASURES... 8-105 v

8.7.1. Terrestrial Flora and Fauna... 8-105 8.7.2. Surface Aquatic Ecology... 8-112 8.7.3. Subterranean Fauna... 8-116 9. WATER RESOURCES... 9-1 9.1. INTRODUCTION... 9-1 9.2. METHODOLOGY... 9-1 9.2.1. Surface Water Assessment... 9-1 9.2.2. Groundwater Assessment... 9-2 9.2.3. Subsidence Assessment... 9-4 9.3. LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK... 9-4 9.3.1. Water Act 2000... 9-4 9.3.2. Water Regulation 2002... 9-5 9.3.3. Environmental Protection Act 1994... 9-5 9.3.4. Environmental Protection (Water) Policy 2009... 9-6 9.3.5. Water Supply (Safety and Reliability) Act 2008... 9-7 9.3.6. Water Resource (Burdekin Basin) Plan 2007... 9-7 9.3.7. Burdekin Basin Resource Operations Plan 2009... 9-8 9.3.8. Water Resources (Great Artesian Basin) Plan 2006... 9-9 9.3.9. Sustainable Planning Act 2009... 9-9 9.3.10. Fisheries Act 1994... 9-9 9.3.11. Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality (ANZECC & ARMCANZ, 2000)... 9-9 9.3.12. National Water Quality Management Strategy... 9-10 9.3.13. Queensland Water Quality Guidelines 2009 (DERM, 2009)... 9-10 9.3.14. Guideline: Establishing draft environmental values and water quality objectives (DERM, 2011)... 9-10 9.3.15. Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (NHMRC, 2011)... 9-10 9.3.16. Groundwater Flow Modelling Guidelines... 9-10 9.4. EXISTING SURFACE WATER ENVIRONMENT...9-11 9.4.1. Environmental Values... 9-11 9.4.2. Catchment Context... 9-12 9.4.3. Hydrology... 9-19 9.4.4. Geomorphic Stream Conditions... 9-23 9.4.5. Baseline Water Quality... 9-26 9.5. EXISTING GROUNDWATER ENVIRONMENT...9-29 9.5.1. Environmental Values... 9-30 9.5.2. Geological Setting... 9-31 9.5.3. Previous Groundwater Investigations... 9-36 9.5.4. Groundwater Occurrence... 9-37 9.5.5. Groundwater Users... 9-41 9.5.6. Baseline Groundwater Quality... 9-45 9.5.7. Groundwater Recharge and Discharge... 9-49 9.6. POTENTIAL SURFACE WATER IMPACTS...9-53 9.6.1. Hydrology... 9-53 9.6.2. Water Quality... 9-62 9.6.3. Impact on Existing Water Users... 9-64 9.6.4. Stream Diversions... 9-64 9.6.5. Flood Levels... 9-66 vi

9.6.6. Subsidence... 9-68 9.6.7. Ecology... 9-71 9.6.8. Final Void... 9-72 9.6.9. Climate Change... 9-73 9.6.10. Potential Cumulative Impacts... 9-74 9.7. POTENTIAL GROUNDWATER IMPACTS... 9-74 9.7.1. Dewatering... 9-76 9.7.2. Existing Groundwater Users... 9-78 9.7.3. Subsidence... 9-84 9.7.4. Groundwater Recharge and Discharge... 9-86 9.7.5. Mine Waste and Water Infrastructure... 9-86 9.7.6. Ecology... 9-88 9.7.7. Great Artesian Basin... 9-88 9.7.8. Induced Flow... 9-88 9.7.9. Groundwater Quality... 9-89 9.7.10. Post Mining... 9-89 9.7.11. Final Void... 9-91 9.7.12. Cumulative Impacts... 9-92 9.8. SURFACE WATER MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES... 9-92 9.8.1. Supply and Storage... 9-93 9.8.2. Mine Water Management System... 9-94 9.8.3. Clean Water Management... 9-99 9.8.4. Referable Dams... 9-105 9.8.5. Site Water Balance Model... 9-105 9.8.6. Water Quality... 9-108 9.8.7. Stream Diversions... 9-112 9.8.8. Mine Flood Protection... 9-119 9.8.9. Flood Plain Management... 9-123 9.8.10. Subsidence Mitigation... 9-124 9.8.11. Ecological Impact Mitigation... 9-126 9.8.12. Final Void Surface Water Interaction Mitigation... 9-126 9.8.13. Long-term Change Mitigation... 9-126 9.8.14. Monitoring Programs... 9-126 9.8.15. Post Mining... 9-134 9.8.16. Cumulative Impact Mitigation... 9-134 9.9. GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES... 9-134 9.9.1. Dewatering Impacts Mitigation... 9-135 9.9.2. Subsidence Mitigation... 9-136 9.9.3. Mitigation of Groundwater Recharge and Discharge Impacts... 9-136 9.9.4. Mine Waste and Water Infrastructure Mitigation... 9-136 9.9.5. Ecological Impact Mitigation... 9-137 9.9.6. Great Artesian Basin Impacts Mitigation... 9-137 9.9.7. Induced Flow Mitigation... 9-137 9.9.8. Final Void Groundwater Interaction Mitigation... 9-137 9.9.9. Groundwater Monitoring Programs... 9-138 9.9.10. Cumulative Impact Mitigation... 9-141 Annexure A Queensland Quarry material allocation notice Search Results... 9-142 vii

10. AIR QUALITY... 10-1 10.1. LEGISLATION AND GUIDELINES...10-1 10.1.1. Environmental Protection (Air) Policy (2008)... 10-1 10.1.2. EPA License and Permits Guideline 8... 10-2 10.1.3. National Environmental Protection Measure... 10-3 10.1.4. Project Specific Air Quality Criteria... 10-3 10.2. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES...10-3 10.2.1. Climate... 10-4 10.2.2. Sensitive Receptors... 10-5 10.2.3. Background Levels of Particulate Matter and Dust Deposition... 10-7 10.3. AIR QUALITY MODELLING METHODOLOGY... 10-10 10.3.1. Particulate Criteria... 10-11 10.3.2. Preparation of Meteorological Data... 10-11 10.3.3. Project Emission Sources... 10-12 10.3.4. Development of an Emissions Database... 10-13 10.3.5. Air Pollution Modelling... 10-16 10.4. MODELLING RESULTS... 10-17 10.4.1. Dust levels at Sensitive Receptors... 10-30 10.4.2. Railway Modelling Results... 10-31 10.5. AIR QUALITY IMPACTS... 10-33 10.5.1. Case 1 Year 3 (2017)... 10-33 10.5.2. Case 2 Year 26 (2040)... 10-33 10.5.3. Cumulative Impacts... 10-34 10.5.4. Impacts Summary... 10-35 10.6. MITIGATION MEASURES... 10-35 10.6.1. Long-term Dust Monitoring... 10-36 10.6.2. Meteorological Monitoring... 10-36 10.6.3. Dust Deposition Monitoring... 10-36 10.6.4. Dust Management Plan... 10-37 11. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS... 11-1 11.1. CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE...11-1 11.2. FEDERAL LEGISLATION AND PROTOCOLS...11-1 11.2.1. Kyoto Protocol... 11-1 11.2.2. Climate Change Policy... 11-1 11.2.3. Clean Energy Bill 2011 (Carbon Tax)... 11-1 11.2.4. National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 (NGER Act)... 11-2 11.2.5. Energy Efficiency Opportunities Act 2006 (EEO Act)... 11-2 11.3. QUEENSLAND INITIATIVES...11-2 11.4. GREENHOUSE INVENTORY...11-2 11.4.1. Inventory Boundaries... 11-2 11.4.2. Factors... 11-3 11.4.3. Estimated Greenhouse Gas Emissions... 11-3 11.5. EMISSION DISCUSSION...11-8 11.6. ABATEMENT MEASURES...11-8 11.6.1. Electrical Efficiency... 11-8 11.6.2. Diesel Efficiency... 11-8 11.6.3. Fugitive Emissions... 11-9 11.7. CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION... 11-10 viii

11.7.1. Methodology... 11-10 11.7.2. Background... 11-10 11.7.3. Predicted Impacts... 11-11 11.7.4. Queensland Government Predictions... 11-12 11.8. CLIMATE CHANGE RISK ASSESSMENT... 11-13 11.8.1. Evaluation... 11-13 11.8.2. Climate Change Adaption... 11-17 11.8.3. Conclusion... 11-17 12. NOISE AND VIBRATION... 12-1 12.1. LEGISLATION AND GUIDELINES... 12-1 12.1.1. Environmental Protection (Noise) Policy 2008... 12-1 12.1.2. DEHP Ecoaccess Guideline Planning for Noise Control... 12-3 12.1.3. DEHP Ecoaccess Guideline Low Frequency Noise... 12-5 12.1.4. Road Traffic Noise Goals... 12-6 12.1.5. Railway Noise Goals... 12-6 12.2. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES... 12-7 12.2.1. Climate... 12-7 12.2.2. Noise Sensitive Receptors... 12-7 12.3. NOISE MODELLING METHODOLOGY... 12-11 12.4. NOISE MODELLING RESULTS... 12-19 12.5. IMPACT ASSESSMENT... 12-32 12.5.1. EPP (Noise) Acoustic Quality Objectives... 12-32 12.5.2. EPP (Noise) Sleep Disturbances... 12-32 12.5.3. EPP (Noise) Background Creep... 12-32 12.5.4. DEHP Low Frequency Noise... 12-33 12.5.5. DEHP Blasting Noise and Vibration... 12-33 12.5.6. Road Traffic Noise... 12-33 12.5.7. Railway Noise... 12-34 12.6. MITIGATION MEASURES... 12-34 12.6.1. EPP (Noise) Acoustic Quality Objectives... 12-34 12.6.2. EPP (Noise) Sleep Disturbance... 12-34 12.6.3. EPP (Noise) Background Creep... 12-35 12.6.4. DEHP Low Frequency Noise... 12-35 12.6.5. DEHP Blasting Noise and Vibration... 12-35 12.6.6. Road Traffic Noise... 12-36 12.6.7. Railway Noise... 12-36 13. WASTE MANAGEMENT... 13-1 13.1. INTRODUCTION... 13-1 13.2. WASTE MANAGEMENT LEGISLATION AND REGULATIONS... 13-1 13.2.1. Waste Definition... 13-1 13.2.2. Waste Management Principles... 13-2 13.3. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES... 13-3 13.4. WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY... 13-4 13.4.1. Natural Resource Efficiency... 13-4 13.4.2. Cleaner Production... 13-5 13.4.3. Regulated Wastes... 13-6 13.4.4. Spill Containment and Remediation... 13-7 ix

13.4.5. Waste Tracking... 13-7 13.4.6. Monitoring Program... 13-8 13.4.7. Waste Reporting... 13-9 13.5. POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES...13-9 13.5.1. Waste Inventory... 13-10 13.5.2. Construction Wastes... 13-11 13.5.3. Operational Wastes... 13-15 13.5.4. Decommissioning Wastes... 13-26 13.6. ON-SITE LANDFILL FACILITY... 13-27 13.7. CUMULATIVE IMPACTS... 13-28 14. TRANSPORT... 14-1 14.1. INTRODUCTION...14-1 14.1.1. Environmental Values... 14-1 14.1.2. Relevant Legislation and Approvals... 14-2 14.2. EXISTING CONDITIONS...14-6 14.2.1. Road Network... 14-6 14.2.2. Rail... 14-17 14.2.3. Air... 14-18 14.2.4. Port... 14-19 14.3. TRANSPORT GENERATED BY SGCP... 14-19 14.3.1. Road... 14-19 14.3.2. Rail... 14-32 14.3.3. Air... 14-32 14.3.4. Port... 14-33 14.4. POTENTIAL IMPACTS... 14-34 14.4.1. Road... 14-34 14.4.2. Rail... 14-36 14.4.3. Air... 14-36 14.4.4. Port... 14-37 14.5. POTENTIAL MITIGATION MEASURES... 14-37 14.5.1. Road... 14-37 14.5.2. Rail... 14-37 14.5.3. Air... 14-38 14.5.4. Port... 14-38 14.5.5. Impacts to other Transportation Networks... 14-38 14.6. CUMULATIVE IMPACTS... 14-38 15. INDIGENOUS CULTURAL HERITAGE... 15-1 15.1. LEGISLATION...15-1 15.1.1. Commonwealth Legislation... 15-1 15.1.2. State Legislation... 15-2 15.2. DESCRIPTION OF INDIGENOUS CULTURAL HERITAGE VALUES...15-3 15.2.1. Previous Cultural Heritage Assessments... 15-3 15.2.2. Aboriginal Party Identification... 15-3 15.2.3. Heritage Register Search... 15-5 15.2.4. SGCP Field Survey... 15-5 15.3. CULTURAL HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE...15-7 15.3.1. Scientific (Archaeological) Significance... 15-8 x

15.3.2. Social (Cultural) Significance... 15-8 15.4. POTENTIAL IMPACTS... 15-9 15.5. MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES... 15-9 15.5.1. General Mitigation and Management Measures... 15-9 15.5.2. Cultural Heritage Management Plan... 15-10 16. NON-INDIGENOUS CULTURAL HERITAGE... 16-1 16.1. LEGISLATION... 16-1 16.1.1. Commonwealth Legislation... 16-1 16.1.2. State Legislation... 16-1 16.1.3. Local Legislation... 16-2 16.2. DESCRIPTION OF NON-INDIGENOUS CULTURAL HERITAGE VALUES... 16-2 16.2.1. Previous Cultural Heritage Assessments... 16-2 16.2.2. Heritage Register Search... 16-3 16.2.3. Liaison with Community Groups/Organisations... 16-4 16.2.4. SGCP Non-Indigenous Cultural Heritage Field Survey... 16-4 16.3. CULTURAL HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE... 16-5 16.4. POTENTIAL IMPACTS... 16-10 16.5. MITIGATION MEASURES... 16-10 16.5.1. General Mitigation and Management Measures... 16-10 16.5.2. Specific Mitigation and Management Measures... 16-11 17. SOCIAL... 17-1 17.1. GUIDELINES... 17-2 17.2. METHODOLOGY... 17-2 17.2.1. Local Study Area... 17-3 17.2.2. Regional Study Area... 17-3 17.2.3. Baseline Assessment... 17-7 17.2.4. Community Engagement... 17-7 17.3. EXISTING SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT AND VALUES... 17-9 17.3.1. Demographics... 17-9 17.3.2. Education and Training... 17-9 17.3.3. Economy, Employment and Income... 17-10 17.3.4. Infrastructure and Services... 17-10 17.3.5. Housing and Accommodation... 17-11 17.3.6. Community Health and Safety... 17-11 17.3.7. Culture and Community... 17-12 17.4. WORKFORCE PROFILE... 17-12 17.5. POTENTIAL IMPACTS... 17-14 17.5.1. Demographics... 17-14 17.5.2. Education and Training... 17-15 17.5.3. Economics, Employment and Income... 17-16 17.5.4. Infrastructure and Services... 17-17 17.5.5. Housing and Accommodation... 17-18 17.5.6. Community Health and Safety... 17-19 17.5.7. Culture and Community... 17-20 17.6. CUMULATIVE IMPACTS... 17-21 17.7. MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT... 17-23 17.7.1. Community Engagement Program... 17-23 xi

17.7.2. Workforce Management Plan... 17-23 17.7.3. Local Industry Participation Plan... 17-24 17.7.4. Housing and Accommodation Plan... 17-24 17.7.5. Cooperation and Regional Development Agreement for the Galilee Basin... 17-24 17.7.6. Collaboration with Other Mining Proponents... 17-24 17.7.7. Community Partnership Program... 17-25 17.7.8. Social Infrastructure Working Group... 17-25 17.7.9. Landholder Management Plan... 17-26 17.7.10. Grievance and Dispute Resolution Procedure... 17-26 17.8. MONITORING AND REPORTING... 17-26 18. ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT... 18-1 18.1. INTRODUCTION...18-1 18.2. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES...18-1 18.3. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT METHOD...18-1 18.4. EXISTING ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT...18-2 18.4.1. Study Area... 18-2 18.4.2. Gross Regional Product... 18-2 18.4.3. Population Demographics... 18-6 18.4.4. Key Regional Markets... 18-7 18.4.5. Expected Future Growth and Competitive Advantage... 18-12 18.4.6. Key Regional Industries... 18-13 18.4.7. Current Input Costs... 18-16 18.5. POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES... 18-18 18.5.1. Industry Impacts... 18-18 18.5.2. Employment... 18-21 18.5.3. Housing... 18-22 18.5.4. Implications for Future Development... 18-24 18.5.5. Distributional Effects and Impacts on Disadvantaged Groups... 18-24 18.6. OTHER BENEFITS TO THE STATE AND NATIONAL ECONOMIES... 18-24 18.6.1. Balance of Payments... 18-24 18.6.2. Local Government... 18-26 18.6.3. State Government Revenues... 18-26 18.6.4. Australian Government Revenues... 18-27 18.7. EXTRACTIVE RESOURCE AVAILABILITY... 18-28 18.8. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT... 18-28 18.8.1. National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development... 18-28 18.8.2. Legislation... 18-29 18.8.3. Application of ESD Principles and Objectives... 18-29 19. HAZARD AND RISK... 19-1 19.1. OVERVIEW...19-1 19.2. LEGISLATION AND GUIDANCE...19-2 19.3. POTENTIAL HAZARDS AND RISKS...19-3 19.3.1. Risk Assessment Methodology... 19-3 19.3.2. Preliminary Risk Assessment... 19-3 19.4. PROJECT SPECIFIC RISKS... 19-11 xii

19.4.1. Transport, Storage and Use of Dangerous Goods and Hazardous Substances... 19-11 19.4.2. Traffic... 19-22 19.4.3. Rail Corridor... 19-22 19.4.4. Climate Change... 19-23 19.4.5. Natural Hazards... 19-23 19.4.6. Fire... 19-23 19.4.7. Bushfire... 19-24 19.5. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AND RESPONSE PLAN... 19-25 19.6. RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN... 19-28 19.6.1. The Framework for Managing Risk... 19-29 19.6.2. Risk Management Process... 19-32 19.7. PRELIMINARY RISK ASSESSMENT CONCLUSION... 19-35 19.8. HEALTH AND SAFETY... 19-35 19.8.1. Legislation... 19-35 19.8.2. Existing Values... 19-37 19.8.3. Construction and Operations... 19-38 19.8.4. Construction and Operational Health and Safety Management... 19-44 19.8.5. Decommissioning and Rehabilitation... 19-48 19.8.6. Cumulative Health and Safety Risks... 19-49 19.8.7. Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures... 19-49 19.8.8. Monitoring and Auditing... 19-50 20. MATTERS OF NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE... 20-1 20.1. INTRODUCTION... 20-1 20.1.1. Project Background... 20-1 20.1.2. Relationship to Other Projects... 20-1 20.1.3. Public Consultation... 20-1 20.1.4. Environmental Impact Statement Study Team... 20-2 20.1.5. Environmental Record of Proponents... 20-2 20.2. RELEVANT MATTERS OF NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE... 20-3 20.2.1. Listed Threatened Species... 20-3 20.2.2. Listed Threatened Ecological Communities... 20-60 20.2.3. Listed Migratory Species... 20-65 20.3. RELEVANT POTENTIAL IMPACTS... 20-77 20.3.1. Land Clearing... 20-80 20.3.2. Subsidence Impacts... 20-81 20.3.3. Water Resources... 20-99 20.3.4. Weeds and Pest Fauna... 20-101 20.3.5. Artificial Lighting... 20-102 20.3.6. Noise and Air Quality... 20-103 20.3.7. Direct Mortality from Vehicles... 20-103 20.3.8. Changed Fire Regimes... 20-104 20.3.9. Potential Impacts to Threatened Species... 20-105 20.3.10. Potential Impacts to Threatened Ecological Communities... 20-116 20.3.11. Potential Impacts to Migratory Species... 20-118 20.4. AVOIDANCE AND MITIGATION MEASURES TO REDUCE THE IMPACTS TO MNES... 20-122 20.4.1. Avoidance... 20-122 xiii

20.4.2. Mitigation Measures... 20-122 20.4.3. Revegetation and Rehabilitation... 20-146 20.5. PROPOSED OFFSETS FOR RESIDUAL IMPACTS... 20-147 20.6. MONITORING AND REPORTING... 20-149 Annexure A Assessments of Significant Impact Criteria... 20-151 21. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN... 21-1 21.1. INTRODUCTION...21-1 21.1.1. Background... 21-1 21.1.2. The Project... 21-2 21.1.3. Location... 21-3 21.1.4. Project Proponent... 21-5 21.1.5. Land Use and Tenure... 21-5 21.1.6. Stakeholders... 21-6 21.1.7. Standard Environmental Conditions... 21-7 21.2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION...21-7 21.2.1. Coal Mine... 21-7 21.2.2. CHPP and Mine Infrastructure... 21-8 21.3. ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES, IMPACTS, COMMITMENTS, AND DRAFT CONDITIONS...21-9 21.3.1. EM Plan Development Methodology... 21-9 21.3.2. General Conditions... 21-10 21.3.3. Air Quality... 21-14 21.3.4. Water Resources... 21-20 21.3.5. Noise and Vibration... 21-51 21.3.6. Waste Management... 21-59 21.3.7. Rehabilitation and Decommissioning... 21-72 21.3.8. Land Resources... 21-80 21.3.9. Cultural Heritage... 21-90 21.3.10. Social... 21-95 21.3.11. Nature Conservation... 21-98 21.3.12. Transport... 21-106 21.3.13. Environmental Management... 21-109 22. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS... 22-1 22.1. REHABILITATION AND DECOMMISSIONING...22-1 22.2. CLIMATE, NATURAL HAZARDS AND CLIMATE CHANGE...22-2 22.3. LAND...22-2 22.4. NATURE CONSERVATION...22-4 22.4.1. Terrestrial Flora and Fauna... 22-5 22.4.2. Aquatic and Subterranean Ecology... 22-6 22.5. WATER RESOURCES...22-6 22.5.1. Surface Water Impacts... 22-8 22.5.2. Groundwater Impacts... 22-9 22.5.3. Surface Water Management... 22-9 22.5.4. Groundwater Management... 22-10 22.6. AIR QUALITY... 22-10 22.7. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS... 22-13 22.8. NOISE AND VIBRATION... 22-14 xiv

22.9. WASTE... 22-15 22.10. TRANSPORT... 22-16 22.11. CULTURAL HERITAGE... 22-17 22.11.1. Indigenous Cultural Heritage... 22-17 22.11.2. Non-Indigenous Cultural Heritage... 22-19 22.12. SOCIAL... 22-19 22.13. ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT... 22-21 22.14. HAZARD AND RISK... 22-23 22.15. MATTERS OF NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE... 22-25 23. REFERENCES... 23-1 APPENDIX A FINAL EIS APPENDIX B TOR CROSS REFERENCE TABLE APPENDIX C PROJECT APPROVALS APPENDIX D CONSULTATION REPORT APPENDIX E STUDY TEAM APPENDIX F SURFACE WATER TECHNICAL REPORT APPENDIX G GROUNDWATER ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT APPENDIX H SUBSIDENCE TECHNICAL REPORT APPENDIX I GEOCHEMISTRY TECHNICAL REPORT APPENDIX J SOILS AND LAND SUITABILITY TECHNICAL REPORT APPENDIX K TRANSPORT TECHNICAL REPORT APPENDIX L AIR QUALITY TECHNICAL REPORT APPENDIX M NOISE AND VIBRATION TECHNICAL REPORT APPENDIX N TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY TECHNICAL REPORT APPENDIX O AQUATIC ECOLOGY TECHNICAL REPORT APPENDIX P NON-INDIGENOUS CULTURAL HERITAGE TECHNICAL REPORT APPENDIX Q SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX R SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT PLAN APPENDIX S ECONOMIC TECHNICAL REPORT APPENDIX T CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT POLICY APPENDIX U LIST OF PROPONENT COMMITMENTS xv

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