ROLE OF FOUNDATIONS IN DEVELOPMENT Jayamala Subramaniam ARGHYAM Safe, Sustainable Water for All
About Arghyam Charitable Trust Vision Setup in 2005 by Rohini Nilekani. Focus on water Safe, sustainable water for all Reach >90 projects in 22 States, rural and urban Knowledge Sharing Activities Grants, Research, Model development, Programs and Advocacy
Why Water? Centrality of water for human well-being Entitlements for basic needs & challenges Domestic water focus most immediate impact Understanding implications/impact of other water uses
Water the big picture Urbanisationand industrialisation will increase demand & competition for water; today, 82%of water is used for agriculture Industrial water consumption -8%of total; 51% in rich, industrialised countries. (CSE: Excreta Matters) Earlier, large scale water infrastructure (canal systems). Today, groundwater an important source In India, 60% of agricultural water and about 85% of drinking water is groundwater (TushaarShah, Census 2011) A growing number of conflicts between users (agriculture, industry, domestic) within and between states.
Water Management Issues-quantity, quality, access Water Quality Issues 1.2 lakh rural habitations affected by water quality problems 0.35 million children die from water-related diseases annually 80% of public health issues tied to poor water quality Fluoride 66 million in 17 states at risk Arsenic -nearly 13.8 million in 75 blocks Equity issues Large percentage of rural households have no/poor access to sanitation facilities Huge variations in urban supply per person; the urban poor pay 20-400 times more for lifeline water Resource Degradation Groundwater Depletion, Contamination Pollution of Rivers and Lakes Water logging and salinity Water Conflicts Public vs. Economic Good, Industry vs. agriculture, Urban vs. rural Inter-state river sharing Polarization on Large Dams, Privatization, Interlinking of rivers, Bottled water
Water Management Issues- Governance, Policy, Demand quality Governance Issues Fragmented authority Surface Water, Ground Water, Rain Water Lack of devolution & capacities at local level Lack of appropriate Institutional structures Poor O&M, lack of data, monitoring Policy Gaps GW regulation, pollution, treatment, agricultural use Lack of awareness, demand quality lacking Toilets, hygiene, quality
Role of Foundations Bridge gap between what State and Markets can do to what Society needs Focus on poor and vulnerable Absorb risk invest in new ideas, innovations, research Take a more systemic approach to problems data, advocacy, governance issues, people s participation Create networks, strengthen civil society Invest in people Ultimately should fold into the country s developmental agenda
Some guiding principles of our work Decentralized options Source protection Conjunctive use Closing the loop Participatory Equity and fairness
and rather than or menu of options Our approach Top down, bottom up and side ways Central, State and Local Governments Law makers and citizens Technology and grass root Lone rangers and large NGO s It is a complex, wicked problem
Arghyam Presence 22 states, 43 CR
Our eco-system URBAN CITIZEN SURVEYS LOCAL GOVT STRENGTHENING CBOs Local Govts Researchers RESEARCH GRANTS NGOs Central, State Govts Knowledge groups ADVOCACY Activists Donors PARTNERSHIPS TECHNOLOGY Citizens Media Schools PORTALS
THEMES ZONE OF CONCERN Financial Health Nutrition Hygiene ZONE OF INFLUENCE MGNREGA Springs Revolving Fund Plantation Sanitation Ecological Social SHGs BCC Education Gender Drinking Equity School DW ZONE OF CONTROL GP+Depts Water VWSC Governance Electricity Agri Urban Watershed Irrigation Demand Reduction Univ Curriculum Livelihoo Water Basin Mgmt d Urbanization Waste Reuse WCF ELRS
Some results of our work.. 4,500 villages touched 22,000 water structures created or revived 13,500 toilets constructed 4,500 solid waste management efforts VWSC s set up in possibly 500 villages 3.5L direct beneficiaries, 42L indirect beneficiaries 1:3 ratio of Arghyam:Govt/ot her funds Through enabling WATSAN plans at habitations 60% of our partners in various 12 th Plan committees Helped influence aquifer mapping initiative 4800CR allocated WQF contributed to the water safety plan Water Quality Framework document, Book on sustainable sanitation, ASHWAS survey Unit of impact has largely been habitations and coverage in the 40-50% range. What will it take to work at larger units of impact and increase coverage. VWSC s set up in possibly 500 villages, 187 GP s has this been integrated into the local governance structure?
GRANTS
WaterSecurity
Village map
http://www.ted.com/ ANUPAM MISHRA
Desert Areas - Rajasthan Back
WaterQuality
Back
Participatory Ground Water Management Back
Sanitation
A multi channel megacampaign harnessing the power of cricket & Bollywoodto promote awareness & enact behavioural change around sanitation & hygiene in India. 160,000 attendees 96,000 prizes given 8414 school children trained 401 newspaper articles written
GAMES
MENSTRUAL HYGIENE LAB
Governance
IUWM Integrated & Sustainable Model Integration between all components PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE Regional domain Water Resources Surface sources, Ground water sources Water Supplies Reliable, equitable Wastewater Domestic, Industrial Sanitation Toilet facilities, Solid waste management Storm Water Drains Infrastructure, maintenance GOVERNANCE Policy, Administration, Community Participation City domain
Studying Urban groundwater: Falling at the rim; Contaminated & Rising at the core Scientific Studies: Granular & Contextual
Conducting Energy Audits Revealing significant sub-optimalities Technology upgrades that can pay for themselves
Communicating the Change Fostering a Vision of the future
Harvesting Rain Water in for non-potable uses Reducing the load on piped water supply
Improving ground water quality by managing solid waste
Making Community Toilets Work!
Reviving Traditional water structures A community-led effort
The picture now: August 2012
RESEARCH
Research & Advocacy Citizen surveys on WATSAN A comprehensive people s survey in all 29 districts of Karnataka, covering 17200 household For use as an awareness generation and advocacy tool Take reports back to the people to deepen the discourse & catalyze action Research on ECOSAN-product design, usage & awareness Advocacy opportunities with government, national and international institutions
Quality of water Survey Results & Dissemination 20% have to go some distance outside the house to collect water
Working with Government Government partnerships For leverage and scale Government Programmes SuvarnaJala Assessing a school rainwater harvesting scheme Sachethana Scaling up a flouride mitigation scheme Mazhapolima Partnering in district dug-well revival Local Government Strengthening Applying Organizational Development principles to Panchayat Raj Institutions
Advocacy 12 th Plan by Planning Commission Civil Society Consultations, Working Groups National Water Policy, Alternative National Water Policy Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation Strategic Plan 2022 State and District level advocacy inputs Bridging various players Industry, Private, NGOs and Government Platforms for sharing best practices amongst practitioners
KNOWLEDGE SHARING, DATA
India Water Portal www.indiawaterportal.org A web-based platform to share knowledge, tools & experiences Digital commons approach open, neutral platform for the water community Practitioners, Government, Media, Researchers, Citizens
Social Media: Twitter, Facebook, Youtube, Flickr, Slideshare, Hindi Water Portal India Sanitation Portal Schools Water Portal Water Conflicts Portal
SOME DATA STORIES
Understanding rock structures and mapping aquifers leads to better investments and decisions=this aquifer while in an overexploited zone is safe. PandutalabHydrograph Rainfall JD1 PD1 PD11 PD16 PD17 SED2 WLs show One aquifer and it is safe Semi straight lines across 140.00 the years 310 Rainfall in mm m 120.00 100.00 80.00 60.00 40.00 Similar recharge 20.00 rate 0.00 305 300 295 290 285 280 275 270 from msl Reduced water level in m. Kat.S st. KANA R Chert D o l o m Intrusive basement Date
Shallow aquifers can present similar characteristics as deep aquifers understanding the rocks makes for better management Variation in groundwater quality SA-6 DA-5 You can tell by the composition of water quality if the hydrogeology of the water is similar SA-4 Sodium Potassium Calcium SA-3 Magnesium Bi carbonate Sulphate Chloride Nitrate Fluoride SA-2 SA-1 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 Concentration in mg/l
Key data and technology events Water Hackathon Mobile Phone Applications Sms-based crowd sourcing of groundwater data Data Project Open data initiative- close touch with Govt efforts Collecting, correlating, analyzing and visualizing large data sets
FOCUS FOR THE COMING YEARS Understanding and mainstreaming Groundwater in water thinking Behavior Change Communication in Sanitation Citizen Engagement through data stories, media partnerships,volunteering etc. Urban with focus on census towns SHIFT FROM PURE OPPORTUNISTIC GRANTS TO MORE PROGRAMATIC, LONGER TERM GRANTS
Exploring new ideas.. More Govtpartnerships Innovation funding Networksarsenic, fluoride, Participatory Ground Water Management Co-donor funding
THANK YOU Arghyam www.arghyam.org, info@arghyam.org Bangalore (080) 41698941/42