Structural Design Challenges of Merdeka PNB118, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia SawTeen See, Managing Partner, Leslie E. Robertson Associates Simon Cloherty, Principal, Robert Bird Group
MERDEKA PNB118 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM SCHEMATIC DESIGN & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT LESLIE E. ROBERTSON ASSOCIATES, R.L.L.P. and ROBERT BIRD GROUP Developer: PNB MERDEKA VENTURES SDN. BHD. Architect: FENDER KATSALIDIS ARCHITECTS Project Manager: TURNER INTERNATIONAL
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM TOTAL BUILDING HEIGHT: 630 M TOP OCCUPIED FLOOR AT 500 M CONCRETE CORE CONCRETE MEGA COLUMN STEEL OUTRIGGER TRUSSES STEEL BELT TRUSSES STEEL PERIMETER COLUMNS FLOOR FRAMING: OFFICE, APARTMENT, HOTEL: STEEL INSIDE CORE: CONCRETE Fcu = 70 to 85 MPa Fcu = 70 to 85 MPa Fy = 420 MPa Fy = 415 MPa or 445 MPa Fy = 445 MPa Fy = 345 MPa Fcu = 40 MPa
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM 3 LEVELS OF OUTRIGGERS 6 SETS OF BELT TRUSSES FIN WALLS AT THE BASEMENT LEVELS CONCRETE FIN WALLS IN THE BASEMENT STEEL BELT TRUSS STEEL PERIMETER COLUMNS STEEL BLADES PERIMETER BRACING CONCRETE MEGA COLUMNS
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM CORE WALLS EMBEDDED OUTRIGGER CHORD OUTRIGGER STEEL BELT TRUSS STEEL PERIMETER COLUMNS STEEL BLADES PERIMETER BRACING CONCRETE MEGA COLUMNS
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM CORE WALLS FIN WALLS RAFT CONCRETE MEGA COLUMNS COFFERDAM WALL NOT SHOWN
STRUCTURAL CONCEPT THIS IS THE PREFERRED PRIMARY STRUCTURAL SYSTEM. THE BLADES CREATE A SERIES OF TRUSSES THAT ARE VERTICALLY ALIGNED. THIS CONFIGURATION CARRIES THE GRAVITY LOADS DOWNWARD, WITHOUT CREATING A TENDENCY FOR THE BUILDING TO LEAN EITHER TO THE LEFT OR TO THE RIGHT. A B
STRUCTURAL CONCEPT TO SUPPORT THE REMAINDER OF THE FLOOR AREA, OUTLINED IN BLUE, SMALL, SLOPING, PERIMETER COLUMNS ARE ADDED. THE WEIGHT ASSOCIATED WITH THESE BLUE AREAS DOES NOT SIGNIFICANTLY CREATE A TENDENCY FOR THE BUILDING TO LEAN EITHER TO THE LEFT OR TO THE RIGHT. NOTE: IN THE CD PHASE, SOME PERIMETER COLUMNS WERE UPSIZED IN LIEU OF USING THE BLADES AS STRUCTURAL MEMBERS. THE BLADES REMAIN AS AN ARCHITECTURAL EXPRESSION A B
STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS BELT TRUSS BLADE COLUMNS PERIMETER COLUMNS MEGA COLUMNS COLUMN BELT TRUSS BLADE
LEVEL 40 MEGA COLUMN A STRUCTURAL PLAN C D SW1 NW1 SW2 NW2 MEGA COLUMN B SW4 SW3 NW3 CORE WALL NW4 NORTH SE4 NE4 OUTRIGGER SE3 SE2 NE2 NE3 BELT TRUSS SE1 B A NE1
LEVEL 40 OUTRIGGER / BELT TRUSS LEVELS BLADE CORE WALL BELT TRUSS OUTRIGGER OUTRIGGER CHORD MEGA COLUMN PERIMETER COLUMN
LEVEL 115 MEGA COLUMN A MEGA COLUMN B SW3 STRUCTURAL PLAN SW2 C SW1 D NW1 NW2 NW3 CORE WALL NW4 NORTH NE4 OUTRIGGER SE3 SE2 NE2 NE3 BELT TRUSS SE1 A NE1 B
LEVEL 115 OUTRIGGER / BELT TRUSS LEVELS BELT TRUSS MEGA COLUMN BLADE OUTRIGGER CORE WALL HAT TRUSS PERIMETER COLUMN
CREEP AND SHRINKAGE EFFECTS DEFORMED SHAPE OVER TIME FORCES ON PERIMETER COLUMN HIGH YIELD STEEL Fy = 445 MPA
BUILDING PERFORMANCE IN THE WIND
SERVICEABILITY WIND ACCELERATIONS 30 AS MEASURED AT THE SKYDECK PEAK ACCELERATION (MILLI-G) 25 20 15 10 5 ISO OFFICE ISO RESIDENTIAL OFFICE CRITERIA RESIDENTIAL CRITERIA MERDEKA PNB118 0 0.1 1 10 100 RETURN PERIOD (YEAR)
MEGA COLUMN OUTRIGGER TRUSSES CORE WALL BELT TRUSS OUTRIGGER TRUSS TOP CHORD OUTRIGGER TRUSS DIAGONAL AXIALLY LOADED FLOOR BEAMS KEY PLAN
OUTRIGGER TRUSSES OUTRIGGER TRUSS AXIALLY LOADED FLOOR BEAMS STEEL CASTING CORE WALL STEEL EMBEDDED CHORD DETAIL AREA REBARS KEY PLAN
BELT TRUSS TO MEGA COLUMN CONNECTION BELT TRUSS OUTRIGGER VERTICAL MEGA COLUMN BELT TRUSS SHEAR TRANSFER BEARING ANGLES OUTRIGGER DIAGONAL DETAIL AREA BLADE AXIALLY LOADED FLOOR BEAMS (ALB) KEY PLAN
BELT TRUSS TO MEGA COLUMN CONNECTION BELT TRUSS OUTRIGGER DIAGONAL ALB OUTRIGGER CHORD DETAIL AREA MEGA COLUMN BELT TRUSS KEY PLAN
MEGA-COLUMN CONCEPT STUDIES OPTION A OPTION B OPTION C OPTION D SELECTED LATER DEVELOPED WITH D40 BARS & Fcu = 85MPa
MEGA COLUMN D40 BUNDLE WITH STAGGERED SPLICES LD MIN TIE EACH BUNDLE D35 BARS IN PRE-ASSEMBLED REBAR CAGES BOND LENGTH ALIGNMENT SLEEVE BAR BUNDLE D40 SAW-CUT BARS FOR FULL BEARING APPROX. 4.0% REINF RATIO SHOWN
SEISMICITY COMPARISON ASIA SEISMIC HAZARD MAP KUALA LUMPUR SEOUL SHANGHAI TAIPEI TOKYO PEAK GROUND ACCELERATION 475 YEAR RETURN PERIOD SOURCE: GLOBAL SEISMIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT PROGRAM
700 COMPARISON EARTHQUAKE / WIND ELEVATION (M) 600 500 400 300 200 100 DESIGN EARTHQUAKE DESIGN (ULTIMATE) WIND 0-20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 FACTORED SHEAR (KN)
COMPARISON EARTHQUAKE / WIND BASE SHEAR KL EARTHQUAKE DESIGN 475 YR KUALA LUMPUR EARTHQUAKE MAX CONSIDERED EQ 2475 YR KUALA LUMPUR ULTIMATE WIND
700 COMPARISON EARTHQUAKE / WIND ELEVATION (M) 600 500 400 300 200 100 DESIGN EARTHQUAKE DESIGN (ULTIMATE) WIND 0-10,000,000 20,000,000 30,000,000 40,000,000 50,000,000 FACTORED OVERTURNING MOMENT (KN-M)
COMPARISON EARTHQUAKE / WIND BASE MOMENT KL EQK DESIGN 475 YR KL WIND KL EQK MCE 2475 YR SEOUL DESIGN WIND (RETURN PERIOD 8000 YEARS) KUALA LUMPUR ULTIMATE WIND
WIND ENGINEERING STUDIES OPTION 1 OPTION 2 OPTION 3 OPTION 4
WIND ENGINEERING STUDIES
SPIRE STRUCTURE ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT STRUCTURAL CONCEPT STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION MORE EFFICIENT MEMBERS ALLOWS FOR TELESCOPING ERECTION BIRD S EYE VIEW
EL + 630 TOP SPIRE STRUCTURE TIER 6 TIER 5 TIER 4 TIER 3 TYPICAL SECTION TIER 2 EL + 500 TOP FLOOR TIER 1 BIRD S EYE VIEW
SPIRE STRUCTURE CORE WALLS AXIALLY LOADED BEAMS OUTRIGGER SPIRE SPIRE SUPPORT TRUSSES MEGA COLUMN BELT TRUSS HAT TRUSS DETAIL AREA BIRD S EYE VIEW
ATRIUM STRUCTURE BELT TRUSS BELT TRUSS ATRIUM STRUCTURE DETAIL AREA NORTH
ATRIUM STRUCTURE LEVEL 43 LEVEL 40 LEVEL 14 ATRIUM CORNER MEMBERS ROD BRACING LOCATION (TYP) BELT TRUSS OPEN ATRIUM SPACE FOR 30 + FLOORS LEVEL 08 FRONT ELEVATION SIDE
TOWER INCLINED COLUMNS APPROX. EXTENT OF TOWER CONSTRUCTION BELT TRUSS LOWER ATRIUM CORNER MEMBERS ATRIUM STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE BELT TRUSS ERECTION MAY BE SPED BY ERECTING DOWNWARDS ATRIUM HORIZONTAL MEMBERS AT EACH FLOOR APPROX. EXTENT OF TOWER CONSTRUCTION ERECTION MAY BE SPED BY ERECTING DOWNWARDS ATRIUM MEMBERS AND ROD BRACING STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4
APPROX. SIZE OF OCCUPANT ATRIUM STRUCTURE SOUTH CANOPY CANOPY STRUCTURES TOWER NORTH CANOPY NORTH
CANOPY STRUCTURES SOUTH CANOPY ATRIUM STRUCTURE TOWER NORTH CANOPY NORTH
CANOPY STRUCTURES CONNECTION TO TOWER (FOR INDEXING ONLY) TRUSS C ELEVATION TOWER ATRIUM EXTENT OUTLINE OF ARCHITECTURAL CLADDING SLOPING SUPPORT MEMBER BEYOND INTERSECTION WITH TRUSS B INTERSECTION WITH TRUSS A INTERSECTION WITH TRUSS D SLOPING SUPPORT MEMBER ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT STRUCTURAL CONCEPT
CANOPY STRUCTURES SOUTH CANOPY KEY PLAN TRUSS MEMBERS, W360 TYPICAL SHEAR WALL OR OTHER BRACED FRAME SYSTEM INTERSECTION WITH TRUSS C SLOPING SUPPORT MEMBER TRUSS S-A TRUSS S-B BRIDGING TRUSS E INTERSECTION WITH TRUSS C OUTLINE OF ARCHITECTURAL CLADDING BRIDGING TRUSS F MOMENT FRAME OVER CORRIDOR TOWER EXTENT BRIDGING TRUSS E SLOPING SUPPORT MEMBER OUTLINE OF ARCHITECTURAL CLADDING INTERSECTION WITH TRUSS A & TRUSS D BRIDGING TRUSS F TRUSS S-A ELEVATION TRUSS S-B ELEVATION
CANOPY STRUCTURES TRUSS N-A TRUSS N-B TRUSS MEMBERS, W360 TYPICAL SHEAR WALL OR OTHER BRACED FRAME SYSTEM INTERSECTION OF TRUSS B NORTH CANOPY KEY PLAN OUTLINE OF ARCHITECTURAL CLADDING SLOPING SUPPORT MEMBER BRIDGING TRUSS E BRACED FRAME TOWER EXTENT BRIDGING TRUSS E INTERSECTION OF TRUSS D INTSERECTION OF TRUSS B (OPPOSITE SIDE) INTERSECTION OF TRUSS A SLOPING SUPPORT MEMBERS INTERSECTION OF TRUSS C TRUSS N-A ELEVATION TRUSS N-B ELEVATION
CANOPY STRUCTURES ELEVATION DETAIL AREA INTSERECTION OF TRUSS B (OPPOSITE SIDE) SLOPING SUPPORT MEMBERS PLAN 3D NODE VIEW TRUSS N-B ELEVATION
- PILING, COFFERDAM & RAFT COMPLETE - SUPERSTRUCTURE UNDER CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION STATUS
- PILING, COFFERDAM & RAFT COMPLETE - SUPERSTRUCTURE UNDER CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION STATUS
- PILING, COFFERDAM & RAFT COMPLETE - SUPERSTRUCTURE UNDER CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION STATUS
- PILING, COFFERDAM & RAFT COMPLETE - SUPERSTRUCTURE UNDER CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION STATUS
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