Sustainable Lifestyle = Positive Climate Action Agro-forestry in Bihar: Adaptation Strategy under a changing Climate Devendra Kumar Shukla, IFS Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (HoFF), Department of Environment and Forests, Government of Bihar
Bihar- At a Glance Geographical area : 94163 sq.km. Total forest land : 7288 sq. km. (7.74%) Net Sown area : 57120 sq. km. Population : 104.10 million Rural Population : 92.34 million (88.71%) Average Population density : 1106 per sq.km. Livestock Population : 30.34 million Average Rainfall : 1200 mm * As per census, 2011 * As per 18 th livestock census
Strategy to meet climate change Development of degraded forests Promoting Agro-forestry and Farm forestry Introduction of Poplar as the fast growing tree crop on agricultural lands by farmers on suitable tracts in Bihar plains Promotion of native tree planting on farm bunds and lands Co-opting farmers in production of planting stock Greening of urban areas Linear plantations along road and canal embankments
Agro-forestry in Bihar Govt. of Bihar prepared Agriculture Road Map for 2012 to 2017 Hariyali Mission established under Department of E&F with objective Raising the green cover in Bihar from 9.79% to 15% by the end of 2017 ISFR 2011-9.79% ISFR 2013-12.86% ISFR 2015-12.88% Additional 5.21% geographical area to brought under tree cover. Expansion only possible in non-forest land, as there is no scope to expand natural forest area. Increase in Income of farmers through Agroforestry Environmental amelioration and Climate change mitigation Plantation of 24 cr. Plants out of which 6 cr. plants under agro-forestry Earlier plantation on private land were in the form of Social forestry Horticulture plantation etc.
Rainfall (in mm) Rainfall scenario About 79% of its population is engaged in agricultural pursuits. 22.21 lakh ha (38.88 %) area under rainfed cultivation Less number of rainy days 1600 Year Avg. Rainfall 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Year Avg. Avg. (2001-2015)
Rainfall (in mm) Rainfall (in mm) Rainfall (in mm) Rainfall (in mm) Rainfall Scenario contd.. 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Winter Rain (Jan-Feb) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Hot-Weather Rain (March-May) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Southwest Monsoon (June-Sept) 250 200 150 100 50 0 Northwest Monsoon (Oct-Dec)
Why Agro-forestry? Uncertain income from agriculture. Imperfection in market mechanism. Agro-forestry as risk management strategy against erratic rainfall. For additional and lumpsum return from agro-forestry. To reduce pressure on forest for fodder and fuel wood requirement in fringe villages. Alternative source of timber other than forest to fulfill increasing demand.
Hariyali Mission Started in 2012-13 Phase-I till 2016-17 Schemes to promote agro-forestry Agro-forestry- Poplar (ETP) Agro-forestry- Other Species Mukhyamantri Niji Paudhshala- Poplar species Mukhyamantri Niji Paudhshala- Other species
Agro-Forestry Objective to increase green cover and provide additional income to farmers. Beneficiaries are selected by open advertisement. Selection on the basis of first come- first serve basis. Preference given to farmers having experience. Free plants provided to beneficiaries. Technical training provided. Incentives given according to survival @ Rs. 10, 10 & 15 per plant respectively in 1 st, 2 nd & 3 rd year.
Agro-Forestry Achievements No. of Plants (in Lakhs) No. of Beneficiaries 120 100 80 60 40 71.06 31.71 103.36 87.52 92.55 94.63 55.46 54.35 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 6897 4399 11863 8811 10977 6214 12355 20 4.87 2000 1091 0 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 0 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Poplar Non Poplar Poplar Non Poplar Total: Poplar- 234.91 lakhs Non Poplar- 361.6 lakhs Total: Poplar- 20515 Beneficiaries Non Poplar- 42092 Beneficiaries
Poplar Nursery Objective to provide plants under Agro-forestry- Poplar ETP scheme. Beneficiaries are selected by open advertisement. Selection on the basis of first come- first serve basis. Preference given to farmers having experience. Free ETP cuttings provided to beneficiaries. Technical training organized before nursery establishment. Buy-back ETP of standard parameter @ Rs. 13-15 per ETP.
Other Species Nursery Objective to provide plants under Agro-forestry- Other Species scheme. Plants are raised in small tubes. Beneficiaries are selected by open advertisement. Selection on the basis of first come- first serve basis. Preference given to farmers having experience. Assistance provided for nursery establishment. Technical training organized before nursery establishment. Buy-back of seedlings of standard parameter @ Rs. 6.07-6.30 per plant.
No. of Nursery Planting Materials 1800 1600 1602 1665 1714 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 296 407 873 381 1055 416 1088 1088 81 89 81 85 82 79 81 80 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 465 Non-Plan Nursery Horticulture Nursery Other Species Poplar Total 2016-17 (Proposed Target) Non Plan- 79 Nurseries Horticulture- 81 Nurseries Other Species- 561 Units Poplar-1087 Units
Training MOU with ICFRE to provide training and carry out research activities. Training programme for beneficiaries started in 2013-14 Training Inside State: In districts/blocks 37876 Participants (748 Trainings) Training by ICFRE experts Participants: Local beneficiary and departmental staffs Training of Agro-forestry and Nursery techniques Training Outside State: Termed as Kisan Study Tour (KST) 1991 Participants (83 Trainings) Institutes: Forest Training Academy,Haldwani; GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar; National Research Centre for Agroforestry, Jhanshi Training of Agro-forestry and Nursery techniques
Mid Term Evaluation Mid Term Evaluation of on going Agro-forestry projects. Conducted in the end of 2015-16 Probability Proportionate to Size (PPS) method used for selection of beneficiary. Collection of data: Primary- From official records Secondary- Questionnaire and Focused Group Discussions Classification of data under 5 broad criteria Socio-economic Level Support from Forest Department Economics of Business Land External Unforeseen Factors Suggestions based on outcomes: Regular promotional activities upto block level Support for economical irrigation technology Proper monitoring of seedlings and it s distribution Provide market for produce
Proposed Plan- Phase-II Introduction of E-Forest Mandi To sell the produce of plants planted in phase-i A common portal for seller and buyer Special emphasis on plantation of endemic species Gmelina arborea (Local name-gamhar) Melia dubia (Local name-bakain)