Q1. Iron is extracted from iron oxide in the blast furnace. (a) The equation for one of the reactions in the blast furnace is: Fe 2 O 3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO 2 Complete the word equation for this reaction. iron oxide + carbon monoxide... +... Oxygen is removed from iron oxide in the blast furnace. Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence. The iron oxide is neutralised. oxidised. reduced. Page 1 of 25
(b) The diagrams represent pure iron and iron from the blast furnace. Pure iron Iron from the blast furnace Draw one line from each statement to the correct explanation. Explain why iron from the blast furnace is harder than pure iron. Use the diagrams on page 4 to help you. (Total 7 marks) Page 2 of 25
Q2. The figure below shows the displayed structures of five organic compounds, A, B, C, D and E. A B C D E (a) Choose which organic compound, A, B, C, D or E, matches the descriptions. You may choose each compound once, more than once or not at all. Write the letter of the compound that: is a saturated hydrocarbon comes from a homologous series with the general formula C n H 2n (iii) has the empirical formula C 2 H 6 O (iv) reacts with calcium carbonate to produce carbon dioxide (v) reacts with compound A to produce compound C. (b) Compound B (C 2 H 4 ) and C 8 H 18 are produced by cracking C 14 H 30 C 14 H 30 3C 2 H 4 + C 8 H 18 Give two conditions for cracking. Page 3 of 25
Explain why C 8 H 18 has a lower boiling point than C 14 H 30 (c) Compound B is a colourless gas. Give a chemical test and its result to show that compound B is unsaturated. Test... Result...... (d) Compound B is ethene. Complete the equation to show the formation of poly(ethene) from ethene. (3) (Total 14 marks) Q3. An advert for crisps claimed that they are healthier because they are cooked in sunflower oil. (a) A student found the following information about four oils that are used to make crisps. Rapeseed oil Sunflower oil Olive oil Corn oil Saturated fat (%) 6.6 12.0 14.3 14.4 Polyunsaturated fat (%) 29.3 63.3 8.2 51.3 Melting point ( C) +5 18 12 15 One hypothesis is that oils are thought to be healthier if they are: low in saturated fat high in polyunsaturated fat. Page 4 of 25
Use the table to decide which oil should be healthiest. Explain your decision by comparing this oil with other oils from the table that you think are less healthy. Healthiest oil is... Explanation... These oils can be hardened by reacting them with hydrogen. A student said that hardening would make sunflower oil healthier. Is this student s claim correct? Explain your answer. (b) A mixture of the olive oil, water and egg yolk was shaken and left to stand. The olive oil and water do not separate. The diagram shows a simple model of how a stable mixture of olive oil and water is produced by the addition of egg yolk. Page 5 of 25
Use this simple model to explain how the molecules in the egg yolk are able to produce a stable mixture of olive oil and water................... (3) (Total 7 marks) Q4. Poly(propene) is a polymer made from propene. Propene is made by cracking longchain saturated hydrocarbons from crude oil. (a) Use words from the box to complete the sentences. alkanes alkenes catalyst fuel Cracking involves heating the... to make a vapour. The vapour is either passed over a hot... or mixed with steam and heated to a very high temperature. Complete the equation to represent the formation of poly(propene) from propene. (3) (b) Propene and poly(propene) behave in different ways when shaken with bromine water. What colour is bromine water? Draw a ring around the correct answer. green orange purple Page 6 of 25
Complete the table to show the colour changes that are seen when bromine water is shaken with propene and poly(propene). Colour when shaken with bromine water Propene Poly(propene) (c) Why can disposal of waste poly(propene) result in problems? Poly(propene) has a low melting point. This means that waste poly(propene) can be melted down and moulded into new products. Explain why poly(propene) has a low melting point. (3) (d) Some polymers are described as being thermosetting How are the polymer chains held together in thermosetting polymers? Describe a simple experiment you could use to see if a polymer is a thermosetting polymer. State the result you would expect to obtain if the polymer was thermosetting. (3) (Total 16 marks) Page 7 of 25
Q5. Limestone is used for statues and buildings. Limestone contains calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ). (a) Figure 1 shows a limestone quarry. Figure 1 Henryk Sadura/iStock/Thinkstock Suggest one problem quarrying limestone will cause for people living nearby. Suggest one benefit of quarrying limestone for people living nearby. (iii) Why are limestone statues and buildings damaged by rain? Page 8 of 25
(b) A student investigated what happens when limestone is heated, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 This is the method the student used: measure the mass of limestone before heating measure the mass of solid product after heating repeat the experiment two more times. The student s results are shown in the table below. Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Experiment 3 Mass of limestone before heating in g Mass of solid product after heating in g 5.0 5.0 5.0 3.6 3.4 3.8 Mass lost in g 1.4 1.6 Calculate the mass lost in experiment 3. Mass lost =... g Calculate the mean mass lost in the three experiments. Mean mass lost =... g (iii) Suggest one reason why the mass lost was not the same for the three experiments. Page 9 of 25
(c) The word equation for the reaction when calcium carbonate is heated is: calcium carbonate calcium oxide + carbon dioxide Complete the sentence. The reaction when calcium carbonate is heated is called thermal.... Heating 5.0 g of calcium carbonate produces 2.8 g of calcium oxide. Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide produced. Mass of carbon dioxide =... g (iii) Describe how to test a gas to show that it is carbon dioxide. Test... Result... (Total 10 marks) Q6. Copper is found in the Earth s crust as an ore containing copper sulfide. Large areas of land, where this ore was once quarried, are contaminated with low percentages of copper sulfide. Copper would be too expensive to extract from this contaminated land using the traditional method of quarrying and then heating in a furnace. (a) The percentage of copper ore in the contaminated land is low. It would be too expensive to extract from this land by the traditional method. Explain why. Extracting copper from this land by the traditional method would have a major environmental impact. Give one reason why. Page 10 of 25
(b) One way to extract the copper from land that contains low percentages of copper sulfide is by bioleaching. Bioleaching uses bacteria. The bacteria produce a solution of copper sulfate. It is possible to get copper from a solution of copper sulfate using scrap iron. It is economical to use scrap iron to get copper. Give one reason why. Why can iron be used to get copper from copper sulfate solution? (c) A new way to extract the copper from land that contains low percentages of copper sulfide is phytomining. Phytomining uses plants. Plants are grown on this land and absorb copper compounds through their roots. Use this information to give two advantages of phytomining compared to the traditional method. Page 11 of 25
Use this information to suggest one disadvantage of phytomining compared to the traditional method. (Total 7 marks) Q7. The diagram shows an electric plug. (a) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence. conducts electricity. Copper is used for the wires because it conducts heat. is shiny. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. What is an alloy? Page 12 of 25
(b) Open-cast mines are used to obtain copper ore. Suggest two reasons why people would not like to live near an open-cast mine. 1...... 2...... (Total 4 marks) Page 13 of 25
Q8. Ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH) is produced from ethene or from sugar cane. The two different methods to produce ethanol are summarised in the table. Ethanol from sugar cane is a batch process Sugar cane plants are crushed and soaked in water for one day. The sugar solution is separated by filtration. Yeast is added to the sugar solution and fermented for three days. The solution of water and ethanol produced is separated by filtration. Distillation of this solution produces a 50% solution of ethanol. Ethanol from crude oil is a continuous process Crude oil is distilled to separate the naphtha fraction. The naphtha fraction is cracked when the vaporised hydrocarbons are passed over a hot catalyst. The ethene produced is separated by distillation. Ethene is reacted with steam in the presence of a catalyst. This hydration reaction produces 100% ethanol. (a) Complete and balance an equation for the cracking of the hydrocarbon C 6 H 14 to produce ethene. C 6 H 14... +... (b) What is seen when the sugar solution and yeast are fermented?...... Page 14 of 25
(c) Evaluate the issues involved with the production of ethanol from sugar cane compared with the production of ethanol from crude oil. You should explain why each issue you describe is important........................................... (5) (Total 8 marks) Page 15 of 25
Q9. Crude oil is a mixture of a very large number of compounds. Figure 1 shows a laboratory experiment to separate crude oil. Figure 1 (a) Complete the sentence. The name for compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon is.... (b) Use the correct word from the box to complete each sentence. condensation decomposition distillation evaporation reduction The process of separating crude oil is fractional.... The process taking place at A is.... (iii) The process taking place at B is.... (c) One of the compounds in crude oil is hexane. The displayed structure of hexane is shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 Complete the sentences. Each line between the atoms in hexane represents a covalent.... Page 16 of 25
Complete the chemical formula for hexane. C 6 H... (iii) Hexane can be broken down into smaller molecules by a process called.... (d) Small molecules, called alkenes, are used to make polymers. Name the polymer made from butene..... Incinerators are used to burn waste polymers, such as plastic bags. Tick ( ) one advantage and tick ( ) one disadvantage of burning plastic bags. Advantage Tick ( ) Disadvantage Tick ( ) Energy is released. More recycling is needed. Carbon dioxide is produced. (Total 10 marks) Q10. The Earth is almost spherical and is surrounded by an atmosphere. The figure below shows a section of the layered structure of the Earth. (a) In 1915 Alfred Wegener put forward his idea of continental drift. Why did most scientists in 1915 not accept Wegener s idea of continental drift? Page 17 of 25
Describe how and explain why continental drift takes place. Include the names of X and Y in your answer. (5) (b) The table below shows some properties of gases in the Earth s atmosphere. Gas Melting point in C Boiling point in C Argon 189 186 Carbon dioxide 78 78 Helium 272 269 Neon 249 246 Nitrogen 210 196 Oxygen 219 183 These gases are separated by: removing carbon dioxide cooling the remaining gases to 200 C removing the gases that do not condense allowing the liquefied gases to warm up. Suggest one reason why carbon dioxide is removed before the gases are cooled to 200 C. Page 18 of 25
Draw a ring around one gas that does not condense when the remaining gases are cooled to 200 C. argon neon nitrogen oxygen (iii) The oxygen separated by this process contains another gas. Name the gas and give a reason for your answer. (Total 10 marks) Q11. The iron produced from iron ore in a blast furnace is called cast iron. Cast iron is converted into steel in a furnace. Iron ore contains iron oxide. Coke contains carbon. (a) Quarrying iron ore will have an impact on everything near to the quarry. Describe one positive impact and one negative impact of quarrying iron ore. positive impact... negative impact... Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence. carbon neutral. Ores contain enough metal to make extraction of the metal economical. reversible. Page 19 of 25
(b) Many chemical reactions take place in a blast furnace. Use the flow diagram to help you to answer this question. Suggest how the blast furnace is heated....... (c) A chemical reaction for the extraction of iron is: Fe 2 O 3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO 2 Complete the word equation for this chemical reaction.... + carbon monoxide iron +... Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence. decomposition. Iron is extracted from its ore by oxidation. reduction. (d) Cast iron contains about 4% carbon. Cast iron is converted into low-carbon steels. Low-carbon steel is produced by blowing oxygen into molten cast iron. Suggest how oxygen removes most of the carbon. Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence. corrode easily. Metals, such as nickel, are added to low-carbon steels to make the steel easy to shape. much harder. Page 20 of 25
(e) Recycling steel uses less energy than producing steel from iron ore. Tick ( ) one advantage and Tick ( ) one disadvantage of recycling steel. Statement Iron is the second most common metal in the Earth s crust. Less carbon dioxide is produced. More iron ore needs to be mined. There are different types of steel which must be sorted. Advantage Tick ( ) Disadvantage Tick ( ) (Total 12 marks) Page 21 of 25
Q12. Iron is produced from the ore haematite (iron oxide). Titanium is produced from the ore rutile (titanium oxide). Iron Titanium (a) The production of low-carbon steel uses oxygen but the production of titanium uses argon. Explain why......................... (3) Page 22 of 25
(b) There is less titanium than iron in the Earth s crust. Apart from titanium s scarcity, explain why titanium costs much more than iron. Use the two flow diagrams above to help you to answer this question............................ (3) (c) Many chemical reactions take place in the production of both metals. A chemical reaction in the production of iron is: 2 Fe 2 O 3 + 3 C 4 Fe + 3 CO 2 A chemical reaction in the production of titanium is: TiCl 4 + 2 Mg Ti + 2 MgCl 2 Titanium can be used to produce iron from iron oxide. The chemical reaction is: 2 Fe 2 O 3 + 3 Ti 4 Fe + 3 TiO 2 Use these three reactions and the Chemistry Data Sheet to answer this question. Suggest the position of titanium in the Reactivity Series of Metals. Explain your answer................ (Total 8 marks) Page 23 of 25
Q13. Olive oil has a high content of healthy, unsaturated fats. (a) Olive oil and water do not mix. A salad dressing is made by shaking olive oil and water with an emulsifier. Complete the sentence. The salad dressing of olive oil, water and emulsifier is a mixture called an.... Give one benefit of using emulsifiers in food. (b) Olive oil has a boiling point of 300 C. Complete the sentence. The boiling point of olive oil compared to the boiling point of water is.... Apart from colour, state two ways in which a food cooked in olive oil will be different to a food cooked in water. Page 24 of 25
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