VALLEY CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT 944 STATE ROUTE 17K MONTGOMERY, NY 12549 Telephone Number: (845) 457-2400 ext. 8121 Fax Number: (845) 457-4254 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SCIENCE CURRICULUM GRADE TWO MAY 2010 Approved by the Board of Education June 14, 2010
Indica tors Key Idea 2: Many of the phenomena that we observe on Earth involve interactions among components of air, water, and land. Observations Essential : What is weather and how does weather change? Weather is the condition of the outside air at a particular moment. - observe the weather each day. -identify ways the weather changes from day to day. 2.1a Unit D Lesson1 2 days What is the water cycle? Water is recycled by natural processes on Earth. -describe the water cycle. -explain how water gets into the air. 2.1c Unit D Lesson2 How do we measure weather conditions? Weather can be measured by temperature, wind speed, amount of precipitation, and sky conditions. -identify tools used to measure weather conditions. 2.1b Unit D How can we prepare for weather? Natural events may have positive or negative impacts on living things. -identify different weather conditions. -describe ways to prepare for different weather conditions. 2.e Unit D Lesson 4
Key Idea 1: The Earth and celestial phenomena can be described by principles of relative motion and perspective. Essential : What causes day and night? Observation The Earth spins around once every 24 hours (rotation), causing day and night. -compare day and night. -identify characteristics of the sun. 1.1a 1.1b 1.1c Unit D Lesson 2 Lesson 4 -describe how the Earth orbits the sun. What causes the seasons? How does the moon move and change? Seasons are caused by the tilt of the earth in relation to the sun. The Sun and other stars appear to move in a recognizable pattern both daily and seasonally. -identify the causes of the seasons. -students chart and discuss their observations of the night sky. -explain how sunlight and the moon s orbit around Earth make the moon appear to change shape. The appearance of the moon changes as it moves in a path around the Earth to complete a single cycle. -name the pattern of the moon s changes as phases. Explain how sunlight and the earth s orbit make the moon appear to change shape.
Key Idea 3: Matter is made up of particles whose properties determine the observable characteristics of matter and its reactivity. Observation Essential : 2 days What is matter? Matter with which we interact exists in three states; solid, liquid, and gas. -Identify and describe properties of matter. -identify three forms of matter-solids, liquids, and gases. 3.1a 3.1f 3.2a 2 days What can we find out about solids? Solids have a definite shape and volume. -Compare solids and describe how they are alike and different. -Identify two ways to measure solids. 3.2a Lesson 2
What can we find out about liquids? Observation Liquids do not have a definite shape but have a definite volume. -identify the two properties all liquids have. 3.2a What can we find out about gases? Gases do not hold their shape or volume. -recognize the properties of gas. -identify ways to measure gas. 3.2a Lesson 4 What happens when you mix matter? Changes in the properties or materials of objects can be observed and described. -describe what happens when matter is cut or mixed. -observe how cutting, shaping, and mixing change matter. 3.2c
3-4 days 2 days How can water change? What other ways does matter change? Observation Water can be a solid, liquid, or gas. Matter can change either physically or chemically. Chemical changes are not reversible by simple means. -describe how water can be made to change from one state to another. -identify changes in matter that are reversible. -identify changes in matter that are irreversible. 3.2b 3.1c 3.2c Lesson 2
Key Idea 5: Energy and matter interact through forces that result in changes in motion. Observation 3-4 days Essential : What are forces? The position or direction of motion of an object can be changed by pushing or pulling. -recognize a force as something that pushes or pulls on an object to make it move. -identify that a force is used to change the location of an object and the direction it is moving in. 5.1a 5.1b Unit F How do magnets work? Magnetism is a force that may attract or repel certain materials. -describe which poles of magnets attract and repel each other. -give examples of ways magnets are used. 5.1e Unit F How can we measure motion? The amount of change in the motion of an object is affected by friction. -recognize that weight, friction, and distance affect the force needed to move objects. -explain how to measure motion. 5.1d Unit F
Instructional Key Idea 4: Energy exists in many forms, and when these forms change energy is conserved. Observation Essential : -What is sound? Sound is a kind of energy that can be heard. Sound is made when things vibrate. - identify the body parts people use to make and hear sound. - explain and observe that a vibrating object makes sound 4.1a Unit F -How does sound travel? Sound travels in waves produced by a vibrating object. - recognize that sound travels through the three forms of matter: gases, liquids, and solids. Unit F Lesson 2 -How can we make different sounds? More energy is used to make loud sounds; less energy is used to make soft sounds. -explain what causes the loudness of a sound to change. Unit F Lesson 4
Living Environment Key Idea 5: Organisms maintain a dynamic equilibrium that sustains life. Essential : limited to quizzes, tests, and teacher observation. 5.2b 5.2e 5.2f -What is a habitat? A habitat is a place where a plant or animal lives and grows. Different habitats meet the needs of different plants/animals. Identify what a habitat is. Chart different animals and what they need to live. 5.2g -What are different land habitats? Land environments that cover a large area are classified by climate. These regions are called biomes. The six land biomes are tundra, taiga, deciduous forest, grassland, and desert. Students name or list animals that belong in each biome. 5.2e Lesson 2
Living Environment Instructional 3-4 4-5 days What are different water habitats? What are some animal adaptations? The most important factors to determine the kinds of plants and animals that live there are the amount of salt and dissolved oxygen in the water, and the amount of sunlight that penetrates. Adaptations enable a living thin to adapt to an environment different from where it normally lives. Observe whether plants can live in salt water. Describe different water habitats. Give examples of animals meeting their needs in different water habitats. Describe different types of animal adaptations. Recognize that adaptations enable animals to survive. 5.2a, 5.2e 5.2a, 3.2e Lesson 4. 3-4 days How do I digest food? Food provides energy and nutrients a body needs to grow, repair cells, and keep warm. The food Pyramid is a guide for choosing healthy foods. List healthful foods. Make a class chart to demonstrate digestion. 5.3a Unit A Chapter 3 Lesson 4
Instructional 3-4 days Key Idea 7: Human decisions and activities have had a profound impact on the physical and living environments. Pollution harms living/nonliving things. Main types of pollution are air, water, land. Identify 3 main types of pollution. Describe how pollution can be harmful to plants and animals. 7.1 Activity 2 How does pollution change environments? 3-4 days How do people help the environment? Some waste in landfills does not decompose. People should REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE. Identify ways to keep the environment clean. Give examples of ways people can make less pollution. 7.1 Chapter 3 Activity 3
Instructional 4 days Key Idea 1: Living things are both similar to and different from each other and from nonliving things. Essential : How are animals alike and different? limited to quizzes, tests, teacher observations. All animals need air, water, and food. Classify animals to identify how they are alike and different. 1.1a 1.2a Unit A Key Idea 5: Organisms maintain a dynamic equilibrium that sustains life. 4-6 days Key Idea 2: Organisms inherit genetic information in a variety of ways that result in continuity of structure and function between parents and offspring. Essential : What are some animal life cycles? All living things grow, take in nutrients, breathe, reproduce, and eliminate waste. Animals grow to resemble their parents. Describe the sequence of events of the life cycles of a bird and a mammal. Record the growth of a small animal (mealworm) from larvae to adult. 5.1a 2.1a 2.1b 2.2a 2.2b Unit A Lessons 1 and 2
Living Environment Instructional 3-4 days Key Idea 6: Plants and animals depend on each other and their physical environment. Essential : How do plants/animals help each other?. Plants provide food for many animals. Plants also provide materials for shelter and protection. Give examples of food chains. Identify foods that we get from plants. 6.1c Lesson 5 Key idea 4:The continuity of life is sustained through reproduction and development. Essential : How will I grow? The human body grows, changing in size and shape until age 20. Describe ways people grow and change during their lives. Compare how people are alike and different at various stages. 4.2a Unit A Chapter 3