Advanced Gasification, Gas Cleaning and Product Gas utilization Gasification and Energy from Waste and Biomass March 12 th, 2014 Presented by: Martin van t Hoff
Presentation contents Royal Dahlman & ECN, short introduction MILENA Gasification OLGA Product Gas Cleaning Products; electricity, heat and more Our major challenge Launching project
Introducing Royal Dahlman and ECN Royal Dahlman Established in 1886 Private owned Technology company, engineering, project management, production, commissioning, start-up and training. Delivering the Oil & Gas and Power market world wide License Holder of MILENA and OLGA technology Filtration of Fines from (Hot) gasification syngas
Introducing Royal Dahlman and ECN Energy research Centre Netherlands Largest Dutch energy research centre Highly regarded for its expertise on gasification, gas cleaning and catalytic conversion to gaseous and liquid fuels Patent holder of MILENA and OLGA technology Working with Royal Dahlman on biomass and waste gasification since 2001 OLGA gas cleaning in ECN lab
Biomass vs. Coal gasification Syngas vs. Product Gas, Reason for confusion! Highly reactive fuels like coal or tar-oil are gasified with oxygen at temperatures above 1200 C and produce a syngas CO H 2 and CO 2 H 2 O. Biomass or waste gasification has a reaction temperature of 700-950 C and produce a product gas (syngas + hydrocarbons) CO H 2 CH 4 C 2 H 6 tars and CO 2 H 2 O.
Biomass vs. Coal gasification (2) Coal gasifiers have a very large scale of economy Coal (entrained flow) gasifiers need fine powders or slurries, they are not suitable for biomass or waste (chips, fluff) We aim for high efficiencies on a scale of 5 to 50 MW e Our fuel: wood, waste & agricultural residues Examples (L to R): Waste wood Soya Stalk RDF from MSW
Principle of gasification (1) combustion: fuel + air (l > 1) flue gas + heat 25% pyrolysis: fuel + heat gas + char + 75% gasification: fuel + air (l~0.3) gas
Principle of gasification (2) Direct vs. Indirect Gasification gas Direct gasification: All reactions in one vessel gasifier fuel air Indirect gasification: gas flue gas Pyrolysis and combustion fuel reactions are separated pyrolysis energy combustion fuel air
Principle of gasification (3) gas gasification: fuel + air (λ~0.3) gas gasifier fuel air combustion: fuel + air (λ > 1) flue gas + heat gas pyrolysis fuel energy flue gas combustion pyrolysis: fuel + heat gas + char fuel air
The MILENA gasifier MILENA an indirect gasifier Both reactors in one refractory lined reactor vessel 100% carbon to gas ratio o o Resulting in carbon free ash, less waste, cleaner waste & safer waste Resulting in a higher cold gas efficiency (5 to 15% higher on LHV basis) Separate flue gas exhaust, no or minimized nitrogen dilution of the product gas o Compared to air blown gasification a 3 to 4 times higher heating value. o o Compared to oxygen/steam blown gasification a much higher efficiency (no ASU parasitic), while still having 60% more heating value Very suitable for gas turbines
MILENA gasification scope
Gasification product gas cleaning Simplified Solids particulates Organic impurities (tars, dioxins) mainly dependant upon gasifier type and operational characteristics Inorganic impurities (H 2 S, HCl, NH 3 etc.) mainly dependant upon feedstock composition Other impurities (heavy metals, HCN, COS etc.) mainly dependant upon feedstock composition A dirty feedstock (waste) is attractive, but results in more cleaning efforts
The tar problem 1. Heavy tars Condensation leads to fouling < 400 C Tar dew point is critical parameter Deactivation of catalyst Fouling of equipment Plugging of an intercooler
The tar problem 2. Light tars Heterocyclic compounds (phenol) are water soluble, condensate & scrubber water is poisoned Naphthalene can cause crystallization problems
The tar problem Naphthalene crystals on gas engine control valve
OLGA & dew points T = 850 C Cooler Particle separation Actual temperature 450 500 C Temperature C Tar dew point 400-450 C Water dew point ± 75 C Dew points & process choices
Dew points are important! T = 850 C Cooler Particle separation Temperature C Tar dew point 400-450 C OLGA Separation of: tars & fine particles Condensation Actual temperature Water dew point ± 75 C Absorption Tar dew point < 10 C) Dew points & process choices
Dew points are important! T = 850 C Do not mix tar & water! Cooler Temperature C Particle separation Tar dew point 400-450 C OLGA Separation of: tars & fine particles Condensation Water dew point ± 75 C Absorption Water Quench, condenser & scrubber (inorganics) WDP 30ºC Tar dew point < 10 C Actual temperature Actual temperature Dew points & process choices
PFD - OLGA with cyclone OLGA; a waste free system!
OLGA Performance, gas analysis Component (values in mg/nm 3 ) Raw Gas After OLGA Efficiency Benzene (not a tar component) 644 428 34% Toluene 439 101 77% Ethylbenzene 8 1 87% m/p-xylene 68 2 97% o-xylene+styrene 551 4 99% Phenol 597-100% Indeen+o-cresol 864 4 100% m/p-cresol 36-100% Naphthalene 2.822 2 100% Quinoline 14-100% Isoquinoline 4-100% 2-methyl-naftalene 287-100% 1-methyl-naftalene 212-100% Biphenyl 219-100% Ethenyl-naphtalene 197 1 99% Acenaphtylene 1.070 1 100% Acenaphtene 70 0 100% Detection limit is 2,5 mg/nm 3
OLGA Performance, gas analysis Component (values in mg/nm 3 ) Raw Gas After OLGA Efficiency Fluorene 425-100% Phenanthrene 1.076-100% Anthracene 398-100% Fluoranthene 505-100% Pyrene 609-100% Benzo(a)-anthracene 184-100% Chrysene 167-100% Benzo(b)-fluoranthene 123-100% Benzo(k)-fluoranthene 47-100% Benzo(e)-pyrene 71-100% Benzo(a)-pyrene 148-100% Perylene 24-100% Indeno(123-cd)-perylene 73-100% Dibenz(ah)-anthracene 18-100% Benzo(ghi)-perylene 57-100% Coronene 30-100% Total known tar components 11.415 117 99% Total unknown tars 5.691 54 99%
OLGA Performance, gas analysis Parameter Unit Raw Gas After OLGA Efficiency Total tar mg/nm³ (dry) 17.106 171 99,0% Total tar excl. BTX mg/nm³ (dry) 16.040 63 99,6% Total tar excl. BTX & unknowns mg/nm³ (dry) 10.349 9 99,9% Naphthalene (key-component) mg/nm³ (dry) 2.822 < 2, 5 > 99,9% Phenol (key-component) mg/nm³ (dry) 386 < 2, 5 > 99,9% Tar dewpoint C > 350 < 15 F > 660 < 59 Tar aerosols (incl. dust) mg/nm³ (dry) -- 10
Commercial demonstration in France Blue flame indicates clean gas! Commissioning, start-up & success in 2006 France demo, wood & wine residue
Clean Product Gas specification Clean Product Gas MILENA MILENA Air blown CFB Oxygen / Steam blown CFB Specification Olivine bed Sand bed Sand bed Sand bed Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF), 25% moisture, 16% ash, 21,6 MJ/kg LHV daf Carbon to Gas efficiency 100% 100% 95% 95% Cold Gas efficiency (excl. tars) ~ 80% ~ 80% > 70-75% 70-75% Product gas composition (vol%) Clean product gas downstream OLGA & water condensation @ 6% water CO 15,0 22,0 12,5 28,0 H 2 21,3 14,2 11,3 21,6 CO 2 22,6 15,8 13,1 29,7 O 2 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 H 2 O 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 CH 4 12,7 15,3 2,9 8,6 N 2 (with air fluidization) 9,4 10,9 51,2 0,6 C x H y (>CH 4 & < toluene) 11,5 13,9 1,7 3,7 Total 98,5 98,1 98,7 98,1 LHV (wet) (MJ/Nm 3 ) 17,1 19,8 4,8 11,3 LHV (wet) (Btu/sft) 427 495 130 303 Wobbe (LHV, MJ/Nm 3 ) 18,6 21,8 5,1 12,0 Wobbe (LHV, Btu/scf) 464 545 137 321
MILENA-OLGA to gaseous and liquid fuels MILENA-OLGA delivers a clean nitrogen free product gas suitable for catalytic conversion to several gaseous and liquid fuels Fisher-Tropsch diesel Methanol CH 4 SNG green gas H 2 Etc.
MILENA-OLGA SNG (green gas) efficiencies 75% 70% LHV conversion biomass to CH4 LHV (net; plant paracitic deducted fom produced CH4) 70.3% 65% 66.8% 63.5% 64.3% 60% 60.8% 58.1% 55% 50% 52.7% 54.3% Torrefaction pretreatment Entrained Flow gasifier 30 bar Steam/oxygen blown CFB gasifier 10 bar OLGA tar removal FICFB gasifier 1 bar RME scrubber MILENA gasifier 1 bar OLGA tar removal
OLGA Experience & scale-up Lab scale pilot ECN Industrial Pilot ECN France Portugal Caterpillar 3516 A+ engines
MILENA experience & scale-up Scale up developments 4 MW demonstration in India lab pilot MILENA at ECN Industrial pilot MILENA at ECN Two 22 MW IGCC projects in Europe
Waste to Energy - ETI selection Worlds most efficient waste to energy technology contest The UK based Energy Technologies Institute (ETI) selected Royal Dahlman with two UK companies to compete in this challenge. We just completed a FEED study which included extensive tests on UK waste. In the coming months the winner will be announced, which will receive an ETI investment for the demonstration plant.
MILENA-OLGA CHP efficiencies 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Net plant efficiency to useful low quality heat Net plant efficiency to high quality heat Net plant efficiency to power 13% 32% 13% 48% 26% 32% Gas Engine Gas Engine + ORC 16% 17% 16% 21% 47% 31% 25% 21% 39% GT single cycle GT comb. cycle GT single cycle GT comb. cycle 24 MWth 24 MWth 160 MWth 155 ton/day RDF 153 ton/day RDF 1035 ton/day RDF
Set up CHP plant with OLGA 1-10 MW e Gas engines + ORC 6-50 MW e IGCC Gas turbine combined cycle
Waste to Energy - ETI selection 22 MW RDF from UK waste, to 7 MW net electricity
Waste to Energy - ETI selection
Thank You! Martin van t Hoff m.vanthoff@dahlman.nl www.olgatechnology.com