Policies to Strengthen Turkish Agriculture for Adaptation to Climate Change Fazil DUSUNCELI, Ph.D. Agricultural Counsellor Alternate Permanent Representative to FAO Embassy of Turkey in Rome I. Tekeli, A. Mermer, Hakan Yıldız General Directorate for Agricultural Research Ministry of agriculture E-mail: turkishagri.rome@yahoo.com
Outline NATIONAL FRAMEWORK Developments Coordination Capacity Development project Agricultural Strategies Institutional Arrangements Research, Training and Extension Programme Development Drought Management Action Plan Crop Monitoring & Forecasting Agroecological zoning Mainstreaming CC in research programmes Initiatives for Farmer Participation Future
NATIONAL FRAMEWORK National Climate Change Council (2004) Coordination and Institutional Arrangements 11 National Entities involved (Ministries + 1 NGO) 8 Working Groups Climate Change Strategy paper prepared (2010) Action Plan to be Finalized Capacity Building Project (2008 2011) initiated
CLIMATE CHANGE COORDINATION COUNCIL (2004) M. Finances State Planning Organization Prime Ministry M. Transport M. Foreign Affairs M. Health M. of Environment & Forestry M. Trade & Industry M. Energy & Natural Resources Unıon of Chambers & Com. Exchanges M. Agriculture & Rural Affairs M. Public Works
CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT ENHANCING THE CAPACITY OF TURKEY TO ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE UN JOINT PROGRAMME Total Budget: $ 7.000.000 Duration: 3 Years (2008 2011) Main Beneficiary: T.R. Ministry of Environment and Forestry Project Implementing Partners:
CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT THE OBJECTIVE: Integrate the climate change adaptation into national, regional and local policies within the framework of future development targets of Turkey in terms of sustainability THE GOAL: To develop national strategies to combat and manage the impacts of climate change; to develop capacity for managing climate change risks to rural development in Turkey
CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT OUTCOMES OUTCOME 1. CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION MAINSTREAMED IN TURKEY S NATIONAL PLANS OUTCOME 2. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY DEVELOPED FOR MANAGING DISASTERS INDUCED BY CLIMATE CHANGE. OUTCOME 3. CAPACITY FOR COMMUNITY-BASED ADAPTATION IN THE SEYHAN RIVER BASIN DEVELOPED OUTCOME 4. CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION MAINSTREAMED INTO THE UN PROGRAMMING FRAMEWORK IN TURKEY
CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT SPECIFIC OUTPUTS National Climate change Adaptation Strategy Integration of climate change adaptation into national legislation Enhanced technical capacity and awareness among stakeholders of various levels Successful implementation of efficient water use in industry National Eco-Efficiency Centre Climate change information portal http://agora.itu.edu.tr
Enhanced Turkey Agricultural Drought Action Plan (TAKEP) and Turkey Emergency Flood and Earthquake Recovery (TEFER) CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT OUTPUTS Environmental Information Management System Seyhan Basin Climate Change Adaptation Strategy Successful examples of Community Based Adaptation to Climate Change in the Seyhan Basin Adaptation of Seyhan Basin Regional Adaptation Strategy process at the national level and in similar basins/regions Prioritizing Climate Change Adaptation in all programmes of the UN organizations in Turkey
AGRICULTURAL STRATEGIES STATUS
AGRICULTURAL STRATEGIES Meteorology M. Environment & Forestry Water resources State Planning Org. Prime Ministry - Ministry of Finances - Ministry of Interior - NGOs -Universities, -Erosion Control, -Union of Chambers Min. of Agriculture & RD Provincial Directorates GD Research GD Agricultural Development GD Support & extension GD State farms GD Land Consolidation GD Grain Board GD Strategy Development
AGRICULTURAL STRATEGIES Regional Development Projects South East Anatolia irrigation project Konya basin irrigation project River basin development projects
Research, Training and Extension Mainstreaming of climate change and natural resources issues throughout research programmes Institutional Strengthening Irrigation & training center Drought test center GIS center Irrigation training center
Research and Extension Integrated National Breeding Programmes (Cereals, Legumes etc.) Drought tolerance, Disease resistance Integrated Pest Management Agronomy Farming systems (rotations) Conservation agriculture (Minimum tillage) Water use efficiency Soil Nutrition management Precision farming GIS applications Certified seeds Demonstrations
Problem: PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENT DROUGHT MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN Agriculture is mainly based on rainfed systems Drought has been a recurrent problem for long Insufficient and irregular rainfalls Decreased availability of water resources Central Anatolia & Southeastern and regions are more vulnerable Coastal areas are also vulnerable to floods and storms
DROUGHT MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN THE PLAN Legislative framework was set in 2007. Policy objective: to establish strategies and measures to minimize the impact of drought on farming and food security. Scope: to establish coordinated actions through involvement of all stakeholders, to monitor and manage drought (& climate releted disasters) in the country, to supervise and coordinate development of the Drought Management Action Plan Monitor implementation of the action plan
DROUGHT MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN Drought Management Coordination Council Central Management Early Warning & Forecasting Committee Data Flow Risk Assessment Committee Working Groups Drought Crisis Provincial Center Provincial Directorate 17
DROUGHT MANAGEMENT Meteorology M. Environment & Forestry Water resources - State Planning Org. Prime Ministry - Ministry of Finances - Ministry of Interior - NGOs -University, -Erosion Control, -Union of Chambers Min. of Agriculture Provincial Directorates GD Research GD Agricultural Development GD Support & extension GD State farms GD Land Consolidation GD Grain Board GD Strategy Development
CROP MONITORING AND FORECASTING AGROMETSHELL (developed by FAO) simulation model has been adapted for cereals in Turkey. FAO- TCP project between 2004-2006. Ministry of Agriculture and Turkish Meteorological Service. Supported by field data and proved to be effective It uses water budget aproach which is suitable for rainfed agriculture areas and calculates a series of crop specific water balance parameters. In addition to model output parameters remote sensing data (NDVI) is also used for monitoring crop development and drought effects.
CROP MONITORING AND FORECASTING IN TURKEY
CROP MONITORING AND FORECASTING Water Availability index (WSI) map showing water scarcity areas.
CROP MONITORING AND FORECASTING Yield Forecasting Bulletin (4 monthly issues) Four monthly bulletin for yield forecasting and drought monitoring has been prepared and published through internet; April, May, June, July
AGROECOLOGICAL ZONING 527.782.613 Data Entry Other Data Climate 21 million entry Soils 2.2 million entry Topography 500 million spots 265 Stations 30 year 11 data groups Altitude, latitude, slope Communities, Practices 10.000 Production and trade 4.572.000
Agroecological Zones (30)
Farmer Participation The Ministry provided support to farmers to promote Soil analysis for nutrient management Use of certified seeds Insurance schemes Use of water efficient irrigation systems Minimum /No tillage practices
Future!! Integration of sectoral components of climate adaptation Capacity development Farmers participation Insurance schemes Mitigation efforts Innovation and teechnology transfer Water harvesting Public awareness Long term projections and strategies