Development Process
Learning Objective Understand the development process describe the roles and function of the construction team explain the communication means and essential documents for the development process
Development Cycle Plan Site analysis / planning/ hotel concept Design translate conceptual design to detailed design Tender an exercise to seek lowest cost / best contractor Construct site preparation, construction, fit out, completion Operate opening, operational
Building Elements Roof Wall Slab/beam Column Superstructure Basement Foundation Substructure
Building Elements Foundation Columns Walls Beams Slabs/Floors Stairs & ramps Roofs Doors & windows Surface finishes Services Primary Elements - designed to carry superimposed loads Secondary Elements - NOT designed to carry superimposed loads
Building Elements
Learning Objective describe the roles and function of the construction team
Construction Resources 4 Ms Manpower Machines Materials Money
Construction Resources How are they organized?
Construction Resources 4 Ms Manpower Machines Materials Money Building Team Design Team Construction Team Maintenance Team
Building Team Architect Design Team Structural Engineer M&E Engineers Owner Construction Team Maintenance Team Quantity Surveyor Main Contractor Sub- Contractors Material Suppliers
Learning Objective explain the communication means and essential documents for the development process
Construction Resources How do they communicate?
Communication in Building Processes Most commonly used methods: Working drawings Specifications Schedules Bill of quantities
Communication in Building Processes Working drawings Pictorial views of proposed buildings Include plans, elevations, sections and details
Communication in Building Processes Working drawings Purpose For the actual execution of the building works preparation of schedules and bill of quantities supervision and checking of the contractor s work
Communication in Building Processes Working drawings Plan view : In a floor plan, a horizontal plane cuts through the building so as to remove that part of the building above the cutting plane.
Communication in Building Processes Working drawings Elevation views: In an elevation, the image is projected onto a vertical picture plane.
Communication in Building Processes Working drawings Section views: In a section, a vertical plane cuts through the building lengthwise (longitudinal) or crosswise (transverse) so as to remove that part of the building in front of the cutting plane.
Communication in Building Processes Specifications provides fundamental information that cannot be incorporated in the drawings precise description of the standard of materials and workmanship required for the work prepared by design team Concrete Placement A. Measure, batch, mix and deliver each batch of concrete in accordance with BS 8500-1:2002 and BS EN 206-1. B. Do not add water to concrete during delivery or during placement.
Communication in Building Processes Schedule Similar components within a building are organized or grouped together in a tabulated manner Can be used by QS to prepare bill of quantities accurately and easily Can be used by contractors to prepare cost estimates Eg. Schedule of Internal Finishes Location Floor Wall Ceiling Living room Granite Plaster & Wallpaper Fibrous plaster & Paint Bedrooms Parquet Plaster & Paint Plaster & Paint Kitchen Homogenous tiles Ceramic tiles Plaster & Paint Bathroom Ceramic tiles Ceramic tiles Plaster & Paint
Communication in Building Processes Bills of Quantities Describes the amount of materials and labour required to carry out the work under various trades Purposes: To establish a price for a project before work commences on site To prepare valuations during the contract To price variations To prepare the final account
Communication in Building Processes Bills of Quantities Example Item Qty Unit Rate (priced by Contractor) Total Granite to floor Parquet to floor Ceramic tiles to walls Plaster to walls Emulsion paint to walls 40m 2 20m 2 30m 2 50m 2 50m 2 $200 $50 $70 $20 $5 $8,000 $1,000 $2,100 $1,000 $250