STUDY GUIDE SECTION 13-1 DNA Technology Name Period Date Multiple Choice-Write the correct letter in the blank. 1. To cut DNA molecules into pieces at specific sequences of nucleotides, genetic engineers use a. cloning vectors b. insulin c. bacteria d. restriction enzymes 2. In gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments migrate toward one end of a gel because they are a. pulled toward that end by gravity. b. attracted to complementary DNA fragments at that end of the gel. c. attracted to the positively charged end of the gel. d. repelled by hydrophobic molecules at the other end of the gel. 3. The accuracy of DNA fingerprinting can be increased by comparing a. segments of DNA that tend to vary the least from person to person. b. noncoding segments from several loci. c. DNA from identical twins. d. repeat patterns at only one or two sites in the genome. 4. In addition to DNA polymerase and primers, the polymerase chain reaction also requires a. a large amount of DNA. c. a supply of the four DNA nucleotides. b. restriction enzymes. d. complementary sequences of RNA. 5. To obtain bacteria that produces insulin, genetic engineers a. remove repressor proteins that inhibit the expression of the bacterial insulin gene. b. insert a vector containing the human gene for insulin into bacteria. c. search for bacteria that can grow in a medium that lacks insulin. d. grow normal bacteria in a nutrient medium that contains a large amount of sugar. Short Answer-Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. Explain why scientists are able to identify people based on their DNA. Page 1 of 6
2. Describe the Four steps in Polymerase Chain Reaction: A. B. C. D. 3. What role do restriction enzymes play in DNA technology? 4. Explain the role of cloning vectors in DNA technology 5. How are radioactive probes useful in DNA fingerprinting? 6. Why is it necessary to use the same restriction enzyme to cut two pieces of DNA that are to be joined together? STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS In the space provided, write the names for the objects labeled a-f. Page 2 of 6
STUDY GUIDE SECTION 13-2 The Human Genome Project Multiple Choice-Write the correct letter in the blank. 1. One of the goals of the Human Genome Project is to a. increase the number of genes in the human genome. b. map the location of only the most important genes on each chromosome. c. clone the entire human genome in bacteria. d. determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome. 2. One of the surprising discoveries of the Human Genome Project was that a. the human genome consists on only 70,000 to 80,000 genes. b. 98 percent of the human genome codes for proteins. c. the same gene is able to encode different versions of a protein. d. the human genome contains no transposons. 3. An understanding of the human genome is aided by an understanding of a. mathematics. c. DNA fingerprinting. b. computer science d. the genomes of model species. 4. What percentages of the human genome codes for proteins? a. 98% b. 10% c. 25% d. 2% 5. A DNA microarray is an important tool because it a. can cure cancer c. indentifies an individual. b. can show which genes are active in a cell. d. dyes tumor cells to kill them. Short Answer-Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. Describe two major goals of the human genome project: A. B. Page 3 of 6
2. Define SNP- why are they important? 3. Define Proteomics: 4. Describe what DNA microarrays show scientists: 5. Why is it more important to understand the human proteome that the human genome? STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Use the table to answer the following two questions in the spaces provided. 1. Is there a relationship between the complexity of an organism and the size of its genome? 2. Use two examples from the table to support your answer to question #1. Page 4 of 6
STUDY GUIDE SECTION 13-3 Genetic engineering Multiple Choice-Write the correct letter in the blank. 1. Many of the pharmaceutical products being produced by DNA technology are a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. proteins d. polysaccharides 2. When the human body mobilizes its defense against a pathogen, the body recognizes the pathogen s a. surface proteins b. DNA c. RNA d. genome 3. DNA technology is being used to develop crop plants that are a. less toxic to the pests that normally feed on them. b. more susceptible to herbicides. c. unable to fix nitrogen in the atmosphere. d. resistant to some diseases. 4. Scientists have inserted genes into rice plants that a. code for enzymes that cause rice to ripen quickly. b. increase the iron and beta carotene levels. c. code for a substance that causes allergies in people. d. increase the thickness of the seed coat. 5. Some people are concerned that genetically engineered crop plants could a. transmit their new genes to wild plant species, producing superweeds. b. transmit their new genes to the animals that eat the plants, producing superanimals. c. exchange genes with the animals that eat the plants, producing plant-animal hybrids. d. be wiped out by native plants. Short Answer-Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. List two types of medical products that can be produced by using DNA technology: A. B. Page 5 of 6
2. How does a DNA vaccine prevent future disease? 3. If Dolly s cloning was successful, why was her lifespan shorter than normal? 4. Describe gene therapy: 5. Why doesn t gene therapy cure cystic fibrosis? 6. Describe two ethical concerns associated with genetic engineering: A. B. 7. Explain two possible beneficial changes, besides those mentioned in the textbook, that could be made to crop plants using DNA technology: A. B. Page 6 of 6