Partnership for Urban Waste Management Solid Waste, Waste Water, and Environment Badan L Nyachhyon MULTI Disciplinary Consultants (P) Ltd Feb 11-13, 13, 2009
Solid Waste Management In Jan 2009, for the 8 th time, KMC made Agreement to fulfill the demands of the Sisdol Struggle Committee.
Major Disposal Site: Sisdol The rationale of the struggle of Sisdol people is justified. No compensation can recover the living condition in Sisdol. Can we improve the hazard created? Time and again, Sisdol people debar the disposal and SW problem flares up in Kathmandu.
] Our City, Our Waste SW problem flares up as the tides in the Ocean. The July 24, 2007 event was remarkable with KMC dumping the waste at Tundikhel the Centre of the City. The situation was predicted back in 1996. We Dumped it]
We live and play here Over 3 million People in KV produce SW > 800 Ton/day, 300 Trucks/day 50% Thrown Away into Nature or Public Place Jan 2009 Kathmandu For over 21 days the waste remained on the streets
Tree Plantation at Ring road was destroyed with SW Dump
Dumping at riverside destroyed culture and environment
Degrading Human Value Over 20,000 Children, Women and Waste Pickers engaged in KV alone for living. Who cares about their health, education?
The Only Cause of Pollution is our habit of Throwing Away The SW Management is based on Dumping in Landfill site or elsewhere. The Approach has not been changed from last 30 years. No reforms, no changes and no innovation occurred in SW Management. Recent News indicated KMC spends over NPR 2 Billion for collection and Dumping the Waste i.e. NPR 600/capita/year. We need a radical change in Approach
Composition of SW 25% Recycle 0% 9% Sand, Brick, Stone Packaging Materials Landfill/ Land reclamation Food, Vegetable, Leaves Composting 66% Organic Market Hazardous Inert Recycling, mln Rs. Comp= 286 Market= 475 Average Generation: 0.3-0.5 0.5 Kg/capita/day Total Waste: 7,500 T/day Waste generation in 58 municipalities in 2005, T/day Total Quantity 100% 1489 Organic 66% 982 Inert and Others 9% 135 Recyclable 25% 372 Plastics 10% 148 Paper 8% 119 Glass 2% 30 Textile 3% 45 Metal 1% 15 Leather /Rubber 1% 15 Total = 761
Municipality/Govt. Reform Approach in SWM Industry Consumer Mixing Disposal in Container & PS Transfer Center Dumping Site Domestic Activity Solid Waste Agency ZWA Separation Recycle Materials Biodegradable Material Municipal Activity Hospital Inert Material Clean Waste Industries Composting Landfill / Reclamation Site Community Participation Low Value Products High Value Products
Zero Waste Approach and Landfill 100% 80% 60% 40% nf08lkmn ;fo{6 tl/sf Current time z'go sl;+u/sf] ] tl/sf Zero Waste Approach Land Fill Site Approach 20% Non-Recycled 0% Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 Time 4 Time 5 ZeroWaste LandFill Non-Recycled
Solution: Composting and Recycling
Methods Composting Recycling Waste to Energy Bio Fuel Policy Intervention Action Matrix Actions Community based Initiatives Incentives, Motivation, Tax exemption Study Study National / Local Councils Outcome 60% Hazard reduced 25% hazard reduced 70% hazard reduced 60% hazard reduced Ownership Developed
Waste Water
Rivers polluted with Waste Water and Solid Waste
Bagmati River, Dec 2008
WW Composition 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 RW Diverted to WS Rain Water for Cleaning Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 95% Domestic WW 5% Industrial WW Population of Nepal: 25 million Domestic WW Discharge: 370 MLD (?) Industrial WW Discharge: 30 MLD (?) Current Installed Capacity of Domestic WWT Plants: Dhobighat (NIO)- Kodku- Hanumanghat (NIO)- Sallaghari (NIO)- Guheswori- Industrial WWT Plant 15 MLD 1.1 MLD 0.4 MLD 2.4 MLD 16.4 MLD Hetauda Industrial District 1.0 MLD Wetland (Reed Bed) WWT Plant Dhulikhel, Pokhara, Thimi,-12Plants Source:ICIMOD/MOPE, 2000, HPCBSAIP
Waste Water System in KV Legend Existing WWTP Proposed WWTP Existing WTP Exisitng Water Mains Existing Sewage Collector Mains
Proposed Sewerage Systems Options 1: Sewage Collectors along major river with WWTP at Chobhar 2: Decentralized Package TP at outfall to rivers 3: Waste Management at neighborhood 4. Waste Management at Source at HH 5. Promotion of Dry toilet Technology Incidence of Water Borne Diseases Very low Low High Very Hh Source: Kathmandu Valley Water Supply Demonstration Project, Nov 2007 ADB/MWSDB
Encroachment of river banks
Air Pollution Industrial Emission Dust Pollution Road & Vehicle Condition
Why To Pay Attention on UWM? Waste SW LW GW DW Directly Damages Environment (S/W/A) Human Health Water Supply Water Resources Environment (S/W/A) Ozone Layer Global Climate Environment (S/W/A) Global Climate Waste doesn t go away, It comes back through It comes back through Air we breathe Water we drink Water we use Food we eat Bad smell Bad aesthetics And brings Massive Health Hazard: No body is spared
Institutional Arrangement Bottom up Approach Bottom up Approach N P E Community Networking] ] T National Council W G O R K I C N Top Down Approach Community Based Planning and Network Extension G G B A A/S P C
Recommendation Review Past Experience and Lessons Learnt Identify Good Practices Review Policy and Programs Identify Institutional Strengths Promote Community Participation Provide Motivation, Encouragement and Incentives for Good Practices Introduce Corporate and Citizens Responsibility Encourage Enterprise Development Accept WM at par with Infrastructure Develop Ownership and consensus