Expansion of Tamar Bauxite Mine from 10,000 TPA to 40,000 TPA in Tamar & Kirkiran Villages, Majhgawan Tehsil, Satna District, Madhya Pradesh : The M.P. State Mining : GREENCINDIA Consulting Pvt. Limited January-2014
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process, used to identify the environmental, social and economic impacts of a project prior to decision-making. It is a decision making tool, which guides the decision makers in taking appropriate decisions for proposed projects. EIA systematically examines both beneficial and adverse consequences of the proposed project and ensure that these impacts are taken into account during the project designing. Project Description The Project The project is for enhancement of production of bauxite from 10,000 TPA to 40,000 TPA. The mine lease area is 21.0 ha and the project cost is about Rupees One Crore. No forest land is involved. It has been considered as category A because of its location within 10 km of interstate boundary of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. The M.P. State mining corporation limited, a public limited company & wholly owned undertaking of the state of Madhya Pradesh registered under companies Act-1956 is the leaseholder, and has proposed bauxite mining project located in Tamar & Kirkiran Villages of Majhgawan Tehsil, Satna District and Madhya Pradesh State. Location of the Project The proposed bauxite mine is located in Tamar & Kirkiran villages, Majhgawan Tehsil, Satna District and Madhya Pradesh. The salient features of the project site are given in Table E.1. Table E-1: Silent Features of the Project Site Project Site Tamar & Kirkiran Villages, Majhgawan Tehsil, Satna District and Madhya Pradesh State A. 24 52 36.4 N 81 00 52.9 N B. 24 52 30.8 N 81 00 51.4 N Site Coordinate C. 24 52 29.8 N 81 01 32.3 N (Refer Figure 1.2 for map of D. 24 52 35.0 N 81 01 35.7 N coordinates superimposed E. 24 52 43.3 N 81 01 29.9 N on topographical sheet) F. 24 52 34.1 N 81 01 25.9 N G. 24 52 34.2 N 81 01 05.3 N Elevation above MSL 365 m to 430 m AMSL Nearest Highway NH-75, about 36.0 km of south side Nearest Town/Village Birsinghpur, 9.5 km of SSW side Nearest Railway Line Manjhgawan Railway Station, about 21.0 km of west side Nearest Airport Varansi, about 210.0 km of ENE side Nearest Reserve Forest Amua Protected Forest Area about 2.0 km in NE side 1
Ecological Sensitive Z`ones Amua Protected Forest, 1.7 km of NE side Seismicity Seismic Zone II Climatology Mean Max Temp: 41.9 C (May); Mean Min Temp: 8.7 C (January) Annual IMD Satna Mean Relative Humidity: 29% (may) to 86% (August) Maximum Wind Speed: 9.2 kmph (June) Annual Total Rainfall: 1115.5 mm Mean Max Temp: 31.8 0 C On-site Data for Post Relative Humidity: 63.5 % Monsoon Season Wind Speed: 3.6 kmph Total Rainfall: 11.4 mm Topography The lease area is hilly having gentle slope towards North West and south. The highest elevation of the area is 430 m AMSL in west and north east direction and the lowest elevation is 365m AMSL in North West direction. Reserves The bauxite deposit of the area is good for abrasive grade bauxite, emery grade bauxite and cement grade bauxite material. The different grades are sorted manually vide its visual characteristics. In general it is a medium grade bauxite deposit. Different grades of bauxite are produced after manual sorting of mined out material. It is experienced that from this deposit, material for abrasive grains, emery grains, cement raw mix can be produced. The details of minerals reserves are described in below Table E.2. Table E-2:- Category-wise Updated Mineral Reserves as per UNFC Classification Classification as UNFC UNFC Code Bauxite Grade Probable Mineral Reserve 121 6,81,017 T The bauxite of the lease area is Probable Mineral Reserve 122 1,12,700 T of metal grade. Pre-Feasibility Mineral The Ore body of the lease area 221 75,026 T Resources has following chemical Pre-Feasibility Mineral constituents. 222 14,812 T Resources Al 2 O 3 38% to 52 % Measured Mineral Resource 331 - SiO 2 2.0 % to 8.0 % Indicated Mineral Resource 332 - Fe 2 O 3 2.5 % to 17 % Inferred Mineral Resource 333 - Reconnaissance Mineral Resource 334 - Source:- Mining Plan for Tamar Bauxite Mine prepared by Balram Singh Associates Pvt. Ltd. 2
Mining Opencast manual method of mining has been adopted in the lease area. Development is carried out towards SW&SE and production is done from bottom of quarry. Production is done by manual means using hand tools like crowbars, sledge hammers, chisels & spade including loading of mineral in the dumpers. Haul has been extended to the floor of the quarry. No blasting will be done. Opencast manual method of mining without drilling and blasting was proposed in the approved Scheme of Mining and the same method has been adopted during past and will be continued in future also. There are two quarries and six pits throughout the lease area. The depth varies from 3.0 m to 10.0 m. The overburden, face clearing and removal of mine debris will be done manually. Winning of ore will be done manually with hand tools like sledge, hammers, chisels, spades and crowbars. The haul road has been extended up to the bottom of the quarries. Loading and unloading is done manually. Land Use Pattern The entire lease hold area of 21.0 hectare lies on in government wasteland. The breakup of the land use of mining area as given below in Table E.3. Table E-3:- Land Use Pattern of the Mining Area Type of Land (In Hects) Sl. No. Item Forest Land Agriculture Land Grazing Land Barren Land Any Other Type Total 1 A. Lease Area - - - 21.0-21.0 2 B. Mining & allied activities Pits - - - 5.00-5.00 Dumps - - - - - - Roads - - - 0.10-0.10 Site Services - - - - - - Greenbelt - - - 0.10-0.10 Undisturbed Area - - - 15.80-15.80 Total - - - 21.00-21.00 Source:- Mining Plan for Tamar Bauxite Mine prepared by Balram Singh Associates Pvt. Ltd. Analysis of Alternatives In the proposed project, an opencast mining will be carried out. For that, no other methodology is going to be changed, depending upon the geological set up, strata of the rock, boulders and 3
its structural behaviour. So, all the parameters of REIA/ EMP will be implemented as per the open cast mining. Description of Environment This section contains the description of baseline studies of the 10 km radius of the area surrounding Tamar Bauxite Mine. The data collected has been used to understand the existing environment scenario around the proposed mining project against which the potential impacts of the project can be assessed. Baseline data was generated for various environmental parameters including air, water (surface and ground water), land and soil, ecology and socio-economic status to determine quality of the prevailing environmental settings. The study was conducted during Post-monsoon (October to December, 2013) season. Meteorological Data This section makes a comparative analysis of the meteorological condition of the study area. The data used for the purpose are the last 20 years average IMD data, the recent IMD data of nearest meteorological observatory at Satna, and the on-site data recorded during the period October to December, 2013. The study area is part of tropical monsoon climate with long humid summer and short winters. The rainfall is heavy during S-W monsoon and light in pre monsoon season. In summer the region experience extremely hot weather with 46.020C and in winter the minimum temperature touches 3.160C. Annual rainfall is about 1168 mm and distributed mostly during the months of June to September. The wind generally blows from the west and average wind speed is 0.88kmph. The average maximum temperature recorded during study period was 30.6 C and the minimum was 10.4 C. The average maximum RH for the study area was 80.7% while the minimum average was 43.7%. The average wind speed recorded was 3.7kmph. Air Environment Ten Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) Stations were selected. Criteria used for designing the network were principally governed by the wind rose pattern for winter seasons and the accessibility of the selected sites. Attempts were made to locate most of the AAQ stations in predominant downwind direction with respect to the project site. The tables show the highest P98 values of SPM, PM10, SO2 and NOX during the study periods. The value of parameters at all the location is found within the limits prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Noise Environment 4
The result of Noise Quality at Night time Leq (Ln) varies from 34.3 to 35.6 db (A) and the daytime Leq (Ld) 50.0 to 60.1 db (A) within the study area. Low noise level is due to absence of any mining activity in the area. Water Environment The surface water quality of parameters meets well as per tolerance limit IS Class C considering the concentrations of relevant parameters. Total dissolve solids, hardness and alkality was found well within prescribed standards. Heavy metals such as aluminium, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury was found below detectable limit. Water was found slightly polluted in terms of biological contamination and may be used by primary treatment for disinfections. All ground water sources monitored were open wells where water is being drawn through hand pum or manually by pulling a bucket tied with rope. Since the ground water is used without treatment by a large portion of population, the quality of ground water is of great concern. The water quality of the water samples collected were analysed and found well within the desirable limits as per IS 10500:2012. Soil Analysis Report To understand the soil quality in the proposed study area, 5 locations were selected for soil sampling. Composite sampling of soil up to root depth (10-15 cm) was carried out at each location. The important properties of soil are bulk density, porosity, infiltraton rate, ph, Organic matter, kjeldahl Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium. Physical Parameters The important physical characteristics of soil are bulk density, moisture content, porosity and Texture. Colour: Colour of soil along the proposed study area varies from brown to pale brown. Moisture Content: Moisture content of soil along the proposed study area ranges from 3.8% to 5.1%. Texture: - Texture of soil along the proposed study area samples is clay loam. Bulk Density: Bulk Density of soil is found to be in the range from 1.32 to 1.53 g/cm3. Chemical Parameters A brief summary of chemical characteristics are given below: ph: ph is determined by taking (1:2.5) ratio of soil and distilled water. ph of soil in the proposed study area is found to be in the range of 7.2 to 7.8, The soil are, therefore, slightly alkaline. Conductivity: - Conductivity is determined by taking (1:2) ratios of soil and distilled water. Conductivity of soil in the proposed study area is found to be in the range of 89 to 137µs/cm. Kjeldahl Nitrogen: Kjeldahl nitrogen content in soil samples along the proposed study area is found in the range of 0.21% to 0.36% by weight. 5
Available Phosphorous: Available phosphorous of soil samples along the proposed study area ranges from 29 to 42 kg/ha. Potassium: Potassium content as K in soil samples along the proposed study area is found in the range of 103to 139 kg/ha. Total Organic Carbon: Total organic carbon content in soil samples along the proposed Study area is found to be fairly high (0.60 1.80 %) and therefore the soil is fertile in terms of productivity. Ecological Environment The lease area as well as buffer zone area reveals no endangered and endemic species of flora and fauna in the area. Water Requirement The total water requirement iin the Tamar Bauxite Mine is about 10 kld. The water is used in the following purpose. For dust suppression; For domestic consumption; For greenbelt development; The above water will be met from ground water or nearby villages. Air Modelling In order to predict the particulate emissions, Gaussian s mathematical expression was used to predict changes in air quality i.e., maximum ground level concentration (GLC s) of particulate matter, due to the various mining activities of the proposed mine. Environment Management Plan The mining activities involve dozing, excavation, loading, haulage and transportation bauxite ore and over burden. These activities lead to generation of air borne dust, which can cause air pollution in and around the mining lease area, if appropriate control measures are not taken. Similarly mining causes Land Degradation, Noise and Water Pollution etc. in the area. In order to minimize impacts of mining on different environmental parameters and to keep air and water quality within prescribed limits of CPCB, a Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is prepared to strictly follow it. The environmental management plan includes all measures and safety precautions necessary for safe mining along with rehabilitation measures for mined out areas. It is necessary to include the environmental cost as a part of the budgetary cost component. The project authorities propose to undertake the following environmental works to achieve the environmental quality as desired. The budget for environmental protection has been formulated and given in Table E.5. 6
Table E-4:- Details of Capital Investment (Project Cost) Area of Investment Expenses (in Rs.) Land Nil Mining Cost for infrastructure, tools, equipments & Mining Plan etc. 75,00,000/- Environmental Protection 15,00,000/- Pollution Control (check dam, garland drain & protective bund etc.) 12,00,000/- Tarpaulin and cover for stack of ore 3,00,000/- Occupational Health & Safety 1,00,000/- Infrastructure & PPEs 1,00,000/- Socio-economic Development 9,00,000/- Total Capital Investment 1,00,00,000/- Source:- PFR for Tamar Bauxite Mine prepared by Balram Singh Associates Pvt. Ltd. Proposed Management Setup Environment management has to be executed by a multidisciplinary team headed by a senior executive reporting to head of the mines. The team should be responsible for planning, execution and monitoring of all aspects of the environment, starting from start to closure of mines. The organization chart is prepared with a core group only for environment management and a supporting group from allied disciplines and area of activities. This supporting group would consist of civil, mechanical, electrical, commercial/finance, while core group should have experts from mining, geology, horticulture/forestry and laboratory. The said team will be responsible for: Collecting water and air samples to monitor air and water quality Analyzing the water and air samples Implementing the control and protective measures Coordinating the environmental environment related activities within the project as well as with outside agencies Collecting statistics of health of workers Green belt development and inventory of flora Monitoring the progress of implementation of environmental management programme Ambient noise level monitoring Management of drainage system, dumps, reclamation & restoration etc. The laboratory will be suitably equipped for sampling/testing of various environmental pollutants. A well-defined environmental monitoring program would be emphasized with trained and qualified staff that would monitor the ambient air to ensure that the pollutants level is maintained always within the permissible levels. The locations will be finalized in consultation with SPCB. 7
Social Environment The mine area does not cover any habitation. Hence the mining activity does not involve any displacement of human settlement. No public buildings, religious places, monuments etc exist within the lease area or in the vicinity. The mining operation will not disturb/ relocate any village or need resettlement. Thus no adverse impact is anticipated. The impact of mining activity in the area is positive on the socio-economic environment of the region. The negative impact will be limited to some sporadic health problems, which may occur due to increase in fugitive emission in the vicinity of the mines. Tamar Bauxite Mine is providing employment to local population and it will be give preference to the local people whenever there is requirement of man power. Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation measures Environmental impact assessment (EIA) of the proposed project has been carried out with reference to soil, water, noise, flora, fauna and socio economic. Conclusion As discussed, it is safe to say that the proposed facilities are not likely to cause any significant impact to the ecology of the area, as adequate preventive measures will be adopted to keep the various pollutants within the permissible limits. Green belt development around the area will also be taken up as an effective pollution mitigative technique, as well as to serve as biological indicators for the pollutants released from the premises of Tamar Bauxite Mine. 8