DCC6213: HYDRAULICS AND HYDROLOGY

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SECTION A : 50 MARKS BAHAGIAN A : 50 MARKAH INSTRUCTION: This section consists of TWO (2) structured questions. Answer ALL questions. ARAHAN: Bahagian ini mengandungi DUA (2) soalan berstruktur. Jawab semua soalan. QUESTION1 SOALAN 1 C1 (a) Define terms below: Takrifkan istilah berikut : i. Hydraulics Hidraulik ii. Hydrology Hidrologi iii. Fluid Mechanics Mekanik Bendalir [5 marks] [5 markah] (b) A triangular channel with an apex angle of 75 carries a flow of 1.20 m 3 /s at a depth of 0.80 m as shown Figure A1. If the bed slope is s = 0.009, calculate the roughness coefficient, n of the channel. Satu saluran berbentuk segitiga mempunyai sudut 75 dengan kadaralir 1.20 m 3 /s pada kedalaman 0.80 m seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah A1. Jika kecerunan saluran,s adalah 0.009, kirakan nilai pekali kekasaran,n bagi saluran tersebut. 2 SULIT

75 0.80m Figure A1 / Rajah A1 [10 marks] [10 markah] (c) A channel of rectangular section 4 m wide is discharges water at rate of 6.48 m 3 /s. Value manning of coefficient for channel is 0.025. Calculate: Satu saluran berbentuk segi empat dengan lebar 4m mengalirkan air pada kadaralir 6.48 m 3 /s. Jika nilai pekali manning adalah 0.025. Kirakan : i. Critical of Depth,yc Kedalaman Kritikal,yc ii. Critical velocity,vc Halaju Kritikal,vc iii. Critical slope,sc Kecerunan Kritikal,Sc iv. Value of minimum specific energy,emin Tenaga Tentu Minima, Emin [10 marks] [10 markah] 3 SULIT

QUESTION 2 SOALAN 2 CLO2 C4 (a) The lake capacity storage in the beginning of June 2016 is 25 x 10 6 m 3. During this time, the recorded inflow and outflow of the lake is 10.0 m 3 /s and 15.5 m 3 /s respectively. A month later, the lake received a rainfall of 100 cm and the evaporation from the lake was estimated to be 40 cm. The average surface area of the lake was 30 km 2. Calculate the changes of storage and its new storage of the lake (in m 3 ) at the end of July 2016. Assuming there is no contribution to or from the groundwater storage. Simpanan bagi sebuah tasik pada awal Jun 2016 ialah 25 x 10 6 m 3. Pada waktu ini direkodkan kadar alir masuk adalah 10.0 m 3 /s dan kadar alir keluar adalah 15.5 m 3 /s. Pada bulan berikutnya, tasik tersebut menerima hujan sebanyak 100 cm dan penyejatan dari tasik tersebut dianggarkan sebanyak 40 cm. Luas kawasan tasik adalah 30 km 2. Kirakan perubahan simpanan dan simpanan baru bagi tasik tersebut (dalam m 3 ) pada penghujung bulan Julai 2016. Anggapkan tiada aliran bawah tanah. [10 marks] [10 markah] (b) Based on Table A2(b), calculate the rainfall depth at station G (0,0) by using the Quadrant Method. Berdasarkan Jadual A2(b), kirakan kedalaman hujan pada stesen G (0,0) dengan menggunakan Kaedah Sukuan. Station Stesen Station coordinate Table A2(b) / Jadual A2(b) A B C D E F G Kordinat stesen (8,2) (7,-5) (5,10) (-5,-9) (-7, 12) (-8,-10) (0, 0) Rainfall depth Kedalaman hujan (mm) 22.3 20.6 23.0 33.6 40.7 34? [15 marks] [15 markah] 4 SULIT

SECTION B : 50 MARKS BAHAGIAN B : 50 MARKAH INSTRUCTION: This section consists of FOUR (4) structured questions. Answer TWO (2) questions only. ARAHAN: Bahagian ini mengandungi EMPAT (4) soalan berstruktur. Jawab DUA(2) soalan sahaja. QUESTION 1 SOALAN 1 Table B1/Jadual B1 Discharge Kadaralir Q (liter/sec) Head, Turus tekanan, H (m) Efficiency, Kecekapan, ɳ (%) 0 100 200 300 350 400 500 17 18 18 16 14 11.5 5 0 30 61 82 85 80 47 A centrifugal pump running at 720 rev/min produced the data in Table B1. The pump was used to deliver water from its low tank to a high tank through 500 mm diameter pipe along a 2600 m total length of pipe. If the friction coefficient of pipe is 0.0025 and the the head difference between the two tank is 15 m; Sebuah pam empar beroperasi dengan kelajuan 720 pusingan/min menghasilkan data seperti Jadual B1. Pam ini telah digunakan untuk menyalurkan air dari sebuah tangki yang rendah kepada tangki yang tinggi menggunakan paip yang berdiameter 500 mm sepanjang 2600 m. Jika pekali geseran paip adalah 0.0025 dan perbezaan turus di antara dua tangki tersebut ialah 15 m; 5 SULIT

(a) Draw the pump characteristics graph. Lukiskan graf ciri-ciri pam [19 marks] [19 markah] C4 (b) Calculate the power output and pump efficiency at the operating point. Kirakan kuasa yang terhasil dan kecekapan pam pada titik operasi. [6 marks] [6 markah] QUESTION 2 SOALAN 2 CLO 2 (a) Isohyets for rain storm in a catchment area is shown in Table B2. Using the Isohyetal method, calculate the average rainfall for the area. Isohyets bagi satu ribut hujan di sebuah kawasan tadahan ditunjukkan dalam Jadual B2. Dengan menggunakan Kaedah Isohyets kirakan purata lebat hujan bagi kawasan tersebut. Table B2 / Jadual B2 Isohyets (cm) Area (km 2 ) 12.0 30 12.0 10.0 140 10.0 8.0 80 8.0 6.0 180 6.0 4.0 20 4.0 2.0 20 2.0 0.0 40 [13 marks] [13 markah] 6 SULIT

(b) Calculate the mean precipitation for the following data by using: Kirakan purata hujan bagi data berikut dengan menggunakan: i) Arithmetical mean method Kaedah purata aritmetik ii) Polygon Thiessen method Kaedah polygon thiessen Table A2 / Jadual A2 [12 marks] [12 markah] 7 SULIT

QUESTION 3 SOALAN 3 Table B3 below shows the current meter gauging data for Sungai Linggi. By using the Velocity-area Method. Jadual B3 di bawah menunjukkan bacaan data bagi Sungai Linggi. Dengan menggunakan kaedah Halaju-luas, Table B3/ Jadual B3 Distance from left water edge Vertical depth (m) Stream depth (m) Time (s) Revolution (m) 1.7 0.23 0.6D 60 25 3.2 0.36 0.6D 60 39 6.3 0.67 0.6D 60 53 9 1.5 0.2D 65 67 0.8D 65 87 13.5 3.7 0.2D 65 140 0.8D 65 173 16.8 2.49 0.2D 65 130 0.8D 65 92 20.5 0.9 0.6D 60 60 CLO2 CLO2 C4 (a) Calculate the velocity of Sungai Linggi. Given V = 0.44N + 0.07 Kirakan halaju bagi Sungai Linggi. Diberi V = 0.44N + 0.07 (b) Calculate the discharge of the river Kirakan kadaralir bagi sungai tersebut [13 marks] [13 markah] [12 marks] [12 markah] 8 SULIT

QUESTION 4 SOALAN 4 CLO 2 (a) Calculate the design peak for the flow generated from a minor drainage of medium density residential area of 12 hectares in Kuala Lumpur. Assume 50 m of over land flow followed by 450 m of flow in an open drain. Average slope of catchment area is 0.5%. The design catchment paved surface, n = 0.0015, t0 = 7 min, v = 1.0 m/s and C = 0.87 and design ARI for five (5) years. Hitung rekabentuk puncak untuk menghasilkan suatu aliran dari saliran kecil untuk kapasiti penduduk sederhana yang berkeluasan 12 hektar di Kuala Lumpur. Anggapkan 50m aliran atas permukaan diikuti 450 m untuk aliran saliran terbuka. Kecerunan purata untuk kawasan tadahan tersebut adalah 0.5%. Rekabentuk kawasan tadahan seperti berikut bagi permukaan berturap, n = 0.0015, t0 = 7 min, v = 1.0 m/s and C = 0.87 dan rekabentuk ARI untuk lima (5) tahun. [15 marks] [15 markah] 9 SULIT

CLO 2 C4 (b) An urban drainage scheme is being carried out on the 15 hectares areas in Kuantan. The area has medium density and is equipped with an open drain of 600 meter and overland flow of 200 meter. The catchment area was designed with paved surface and the slope is 1%, assume velocity = 1.0 m/s and minus system, design ARI for five (5) years. Sebuah skim saliran Bandar sedang dijalankan di kawasan seluas 15 hektar di Kuantan. Maklumat menunjukkan kawasan ini mempunyai kepadatan sederhana dan dilengkapi dengan parit terbuka 600meter dan 200 meter aliran darat. Rekabentuk kawasan tadahan merupakan permukaan berturap dan kecerunan adalah 1%. Andaikan halaju = 1.0 m/s dan system minus, rekabentuk ARI utk lima (5) tahun. Calculate : Kirakan : i. Concentration time (tc ) Masa tumpuan (tc) ii. Rainfall depth Kedalaman hujan [10 marks] [10 markah] SOALAN TAMAT 10 SULIT

Distance from river bank (m) Vertical depth (m) Depth of measurement (m) Time (s) Number of rotation Number of rotation per time At point Velocity Vertical average Horizontal average Width Vertical depth average Area Flow rate 10

SULIT