Lisbon Metro expansion and environmental follow-up

Lisbon Metro expansion and environmental follow-up COURSE: IMPACTES AMBIENTAIS / ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS Ana Cerdeira Lisbon, 13 April 2015

Outline 1. Definition of Environmental Follow-up 2. Environmental impacts of the Metro in urban areas 3. Environmental procedures in the Lisbon Metro 4. Case studies 0 A B C Environmental Impact Assessment Construction phase o Mitigation measures o Environmental monitoring o Residual impacts (unmitigating impacts) Operation phase o Environmental benefits o Environmental monitoring 5. Conclusions

1. Environmental Follow-up Concept: Follow-up - the phase that follows the approval or environmental assessment of a project. It covers the construction, operation and decommissioning phases of a project.

1. Environmental Follow-up International Best Practice Principles (IAIA)

1. Environmental Follow-up Portugal: In Portugal, the expression Follow-up is not widely used. The more common expressions are: Environmental Monitoring and Environmental Management. However, the Decree-Law 151-B/2013, of 31 October, uses the word Audit:

1. Environmental Follow-up Portugal: The Environmental Follow-up is clearly part of the Pós-Avaliação phase, which is defined as follows in Decree-Law 151-B/ 2013 of 31 October:

2. Environmental impacts (METRO) The Metro mode is often considered an environment-friendly solution to urban transport problems. The construction and operation of this kind of transport infrastructure generates different types of environmental impacts.

2. Environmental impacts (METRO) CONSTRUCTION Has the most significant, direct and negative environmental impacts in comparison to operation. Works at Via Romana, started some years ago However, these are temporary impacts.

2. Environmental impacts (METRO) During the Metro construction there are several environmental impacts: temporary occupation of the surrounding areas; visual obstruction of the neighbourhood; effects on air quality; higher noise and vibration levels; production of waste and wastewaters; interference with road and foot traffic; impact on the population's quality of life;.

2. Environmental impacts (METRO) OPERATION Has the most significant, direct/indirect, but positive and permanent impacts. However, there are some negative impacts, such as noise and vibration disturbance.

3. Environmental procedures Over the last decade, environmental procedures were gradually implemented in Lisbon Metro s new projects: Project Stage: for each new project, Environmental Impact Studies were performed and, where legally required, Environmental Impact Assessments were carried out. Construction Stage: Environmental Follow-Up of new projects was implemented to ensure compliance with the measures to mitigate impacts and with the environmental monitoring required by the Environmental Impact Assessment Statements.

3. Environmental procedures Environmental requirements were drawn up and included in the Contract Specifications of Lisbon Metro s new projects: Environmental Follow-up Program; Environmental Officer; Environmental Follow-up Reports; Final Environmental Follow-up Report.

3. Environmental procedures Environmental Follow-up: started at the beginning of each construction; for each construction the following was required: Environmental Follow-up Plan before the start of the works; Reports during the construction phase and a Final Report upon completion; ensured implementation and compliance with mitigation measures, which were assessed and redefined as a function of environmental monitoring.

4. Case studies 0 YELLOW LINE Campo Grande / Odivelas - construction start 1998-5 stations - 4 840 m - 3 viaducts - opening date 2003

4. Case studies A RED LINE Alameda / São Sebastião - construction start 2003-2 stations - 1 910 m - Blue Line connection - opening date 2009

4. Case studies B RED LINE Oriente / Aeroporto - construction start 2007-3 stations - 3 300 m - opening date 2012

4. Case studies C BLUE LINE Amadora Este / Reboleira - construction start 2009-1 station - 594 m - opening date?

Environmental Impact Assessment These 3 projects were considered very delicate due to its integration in Lisbon s urban area and/or its vicinity to some architectural heritage. A B C Architectural heritage Densely populated urban area Architectural heritage

Environmental Impact Assessment Under the Portuguese law these projects were submitted to a lengthy and demanding procedure by the Ministry of Environment, just to guarantee its approval. A B C Started DETAILED DESIGN October 2002 DETAILED DESIGN June 2005 PRELIMINARY STUDY December 2006 Public Participation 18 November - 20 December 2002 24 August - 27 September 2005 24 April / 30 May 2007 Environmental Impact Assessment Statement March 2003 6 months until project approval December 2005 July 2007 + DETAILED DESIGN 3 years for final project May & July 2009 approval

Environmental Impact Assessment Requirements of the Environmental Impact Assessment Statements: New solutions on detailed designs; Mitigation measures; Environmental monitoring; Report to the National Authority for Environmental Impact Assessment.

Construction phase

State of the art (20 years ago)

Embryonic stage: Noise 0 Monitoring program Acoustic barrier Acoustic barrier Painting of the acoustic barrier

Embryonic stage: Vibrations 0 Monitoring program for vibration levels Monitoring program for vibration levels

Embryonic stage: Air quality 0 Construction of wheel washing systems Detail of the wheel washing system Wheel washing system Regular and controlled irrigation

Embryonic stage: Wastewaters 0 Wastewater draining systems Wastewater sedimentation tanks

Embryonic stage: Soils 0 Storage of soils

Embryonic stage: Hydrogeology 0 Implementation of piezometers

Embryonic stage: Waste 0 Waste sorting and packaging

Embryonic stage: Land use 0 Reduction of the construction work area Sealing of the work area Changes in road and foot traffic

Embryonic stage: Flora & vegetation 0 Transplant, transport and replanting of important mature trees

Embryonic stage: Flora & vegetation 0 Preservation of trees

Embryonic stage: Landscape 0 Sealing of the work area aesthetic treatment, preservation status and cleaning of sidings

Embryonic stage: Archaeological heritage 0 LISBON METRO S LUMIAR STATION Date: 25 September 2001 Goal: The archaeological monitoring aims to safeguard any kind of historical and archaeological information that may arise during the construction of the future Metro station Lumiar. This monitoring is performed while the work in the Quaternary levels is carried out. Methodology: Monitoring consists of direct observation of the excavation, the slopes and removal of sediments. Work undertaken: The rotary machine is located in the second third where the removal of layers C2 A, B and the top of the layer C5 (photo 1) is carried out. I also followed the excavation of the ventilation shaft (photo 2). Conclusions: No archaeological remains were detected. Photo 1 Photo 2 Armando Sabrosa Archaeologist \\ Archaeological Monitoring

Embryonic stage: Socio-economic factors 0 Public information Parking for residents

Embryonic stage: Other aspects 0 Supervision support Supervision awareness

Mitigation measures Noise Use of specially silent and enclosed equipment A B C Noise barriers Site equipment far from noise-sensitive areas Enclosed work areas

Mitigation measures Vibrations Selected demolition and excavation methods with no impact A B C

Mitigation measures Air quality A B C Wheels washing Materials coverage

Mitigation measures Wastewater A B C Treatment systems - sedimentation tanks ph control system Oils remover

Mitigation measures Soils A B C Spill absorption Specific areas for hazardous materials Emergency kit

Mitigation measures Waste A B C On-site sorting of construction and demolition waste Big bags for hazardous waste Selection of licensed waste management operators

Mitigation measures Vegetation Tree protection A B C Transplant of trees

Mitigation measures Social aspects A B C Newsletters to the population Public information office Temporary urban signage

Environmental monitoring A B C Noise Vibrations Air quality Wastewater Soils Architectural heritage Archeology Noise Vibrations Air quality Wastewater Soils Architectural heritage Archeology Noise Vibrations Wastewater Soils Architectural heritage Archeology

Environmental monitoring Noise A B C

Environmental monitoring Vibrations A B C

Environmental monitoring Air quality A B

Environmental monitoring Wastewater A B C

Environmental monitoring Soils A B C

Environmental monitoring Architectural heritage A B C

Archaeology Initial archaeological assessment Monitoring of non-archaeological excavation works A B C Without artefacts With artefacts With artefacts

Residual impacts Impacts remaining after mitigation: A B C HUMAN DISTURBANCE - Noise - Vibrations - Air Quality (particles) - Social aspects HUMAN DISTURBANCE - Noise - Vibrations - Air Quality (particles) - Social aspects HUMAN DISTURBANCE - Noise - Social aspects ENVIRONMENTAL - Wastewater (ph, total suspended solids and oils) - Soils and waste (diversity and quantity) ENVIRONMENTAL - Wastewater (ph, total suspended solids and oils) - Soils and waste (diversity and quantity) ENVIRONMENTAL - Wastewater (ph, total suspended solid and oils) - Soils and waste ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE ARCHAEOLOGY ARCHAEOLOGY

Operation phase

Environmental and social benefits A Landscaping

Environmental and social benefits B Landscaping

Environmental and social benefits A Architectural projects

Environmental and social benefits A Art work

Environmental and social benefits B Art work

Environmental and social benefits After opening to operation: stations demand lower than expected. A But improved mobility and sustainability in Lisbon (environmental, social and economic benefits).

Environmental and social benefits High level of acceptance: Favorability rating of 98% in the Media. B 1st year after opening to operation: 6.8 million passengers; global demand lower than expected (-31%); Airport station attracts 21% more demand than estimated. Improved mobility and sustainability in Lisbon (environmental, social and economic benefits).

Environmental monitoring Noise and Vibration: B 4 Noise and 4 Vibration Campaigns on a quarterly basis in the first year of operation - Environmental Impact Assessment Statement requirement; the environmental monitoring was implemented between January and October 2013; there are no significant negative impacts in terms of noise and vibration disturbance (which would result mainly in socio-economic impacts).

Environmental monitoring Architectural heritage: B 5 areas identified as heritage buildings to visit after 6 months of operation - Environmental Impact Assessment Statement requirement; a sample of 120 places were visited between November 2014 and January 2015; in 4 places there are significant negative impacts in terms of structural pathologies related with the project.

Questions?

5. Conclusions These 4 case studies describe 17 years of experience on Environmental Follow-up at Lisbon Metro. They demonstrate how Environmental Follow-up was a crucial tool for the Lisbon Metro to report periodically on how the mitigation measures, the environmental monitoring and the Environmental Follow-up stipulated by the Ministry of Environment were implemented. The Environmental Follow-up was extremely important in order to identify the real impacts during the construction and operations phases and to find practical ways to solve or reduce them. It has been the result of great

Teamwork! Construction phase

Knowledge and proficiency... Operation phase

Dreams that become realities...

Thank you for your attention. ana.cerdeira@metrolisboa.pt