Development of waste management in the Arab Region PD Dr.-Ing. habil. Abdallah Nassour (University Rostock, Department of Waste management and Material flow, Germany) IRRC - Waste-to-Energy September 5 and 6, 2016 Vienna Marriott Hotel Parkring 12a 1010 Vienna, Austria 9/12/16 2009 2009 UNIVERSITY OF OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF OF AGRICULTURAL AND AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Outline 1. Problems of waste management in the Arab Region 2. Strategies and planed projects in selected countries 3. Suggested solutions for improving the region s waste management 4. Conclusions and recommendations 9/12/16 2009 UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 2
Selected problems of waste management in the Arab Region Lack of implementable laws and regulations for treatment Lack of Local know-how in the decision maker and long-term strategies Logistics are established and can be optimized by specific measures separate collection, monitoring, organization, etc. Adapted sanitary landfills in the cities / dumpsite in rural regions More than 90 % of finance spent for logistic (15-60 /Mg) and 10 % for treatment and landfilling (3-10 /Mg) 2009 UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Egypt Waste management authority was established in 2016 Population: ~ 92 Mio. Pilot projects for treatment of mixed municipal waste will be financed by KfW/EU Utilization of refuse-derived fuel from several waste types in the cement industry is actual topics by international donors 2009 UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Saudi Arabia Private sector has the responsibility for implementation Saudi Arabia started to build landfills in accordance with international standard Population: ~ 31 Mio. Simple sorting plants have been built in major cities to separate the recycled materials Medical waste / Hazardous waste are actual topics in cooperation with international private companies 2009 UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Lebanon Population: ~ 5 Mio. All municipalities have big problems with waste management and are looking for adapted solutions. Beirut has tendered BOT-Project for waste to energy Decentral solutions for small and middle size municipalities are required 2009 UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Lebanon Population: ~ 5 Mio. Few smaller waste treatment plants (sorting and composting) are available but there is problem with operation. In Saida a modern MBT plant with an integrated wet-digestion was built in 2005 and in operation since more than 6 years. Government plans to establish hazardous waste strategy and implementation concepts. 2009 UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Jordan Population: ~ 10 Mio. A lot of international donors support Jordan in waste management. KfW will finance some projects for separation at source and MBT for producing of refuse-derived fuel. The project is at the feasibility study stage. 2009 UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Jordan Population: ~ 10 Mio. GAM announced last year an international BOT-Tender 1500 Mg/d waste to energy and is currently being evaluated. Feed in tariff for electricity 0,10 /Kwh Programs supported by GIZ and EU in the north of Jordan that aim to manage the supply and disposal problems relating to refugee cities and camps. Several projects are planned such as optimization of logistics, composting of organic waste and MBT-Plants. 12.09.16 2009 UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 9
Labour-intensive separate collection system (KfW intends to finance pilot projects in Jordan) Collection of recyclables and waste at the front-door Pushcart with standardized waste bins Collection and transport with modern efficient equipment Collection- and transfer-point 9/12/16 2009 UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 10
Labour-intensive separate collection system (KfW intends to finance pilot projects in Jordan) 12.09.16 2009 UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 11
Labour-intensive separate collection system (KfW intends to finance pilot projects in Jordan) 12.09.16 2009 UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 12
Tunisia Population: ~ 11 Mio. Waste management authority was established since more than 10 years. The landfills are now full. There are potential for utilization of landfill gas. KfW support Tunisia in waste management and several MBT- Projects are planned. Big problems in waste management in tourism regions. 12.09.16 2009 UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 13
Kuwait Population: ~ 3,7 Mio. Kuwait plans to cerate of a master plan for the whole country, which will be/can started in 2016. Private sector is responsible for all services in waste management mainly logistics Landfilling is the common practice for the most waste types. Small recycling projects are planned. Kuwait announced last years and for several time an international BOT- Tender waste to energy. 12.09.16 2009 UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 14
Oman Population: ~ 4,5 Mio. Waste management authority was established. Management of hazardous waste has tendered. A mechanical-biological waste treatment plant for 300,000 Mg/a is expected in the near future. Transfer stations and landfills are also to be established. Waste to Energy to Water project is at the feasibility study stage. Tender was announced in 2016 for improvement the waste legislations. 12.09.16 2009 UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 15
United Arab Emirates Population: ~ 4,5 Mio. UAE announced last years and for several time an international BOT- Tender waste to energy. A project for the capture and gathering of hazardous waste is already in place. Several international waste management companies are present. Bad experiences with MBT and sorting plant / absence of knowhow in the planning and operation 12.09.16 2009 UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 16
Suggested solutions for improving the region s waste management The majority of obstacles in the development of the waste management in the Arab region can be attributed to: - a lack of practical know-how amongst decision-makers. Predominantly technical solutions are suggested, which are not feasible under the local conditions. Examples of this are: construction and operation of large treatment facilities for more than 2000 Mg/d, cooperation, investment, responsibility with the private sector, covering of costs through the sale of recycled materials and the sale of electrical energy, etc. 12.09.16 2009 UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 17
Suggested solutions for improving the region s waste management EU, KfW, GIZ and other international institutions for development cooperation are trying to support the countries through different projects (pilot project, apprenticeships and higher education, institutional development, etc.). The sustainability of the projects should be ensured through several targeted measures. 12.09.16 2009 UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 18
Suggested solutions for improving the region s waste management Positive fundamental developments: decision-makers recognize that waste treatment is essential and that it carries costs. The available finances for waste treatment average10-30 /Mg, depending on the region. In Lebanon more revenue could potentially be raised, as the necessary areas for treatment are difficult to get. Solutions with low space and landfill needs must be implemented. Cement industry is prepared to use RDF and to encourage investments. The problem is still the long-term regulation of the cooperation between the cement industry and the municipalities 12.09.16 2009 UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 19
Suggested solutions for improving the region s waste management Documentation of data for the waste management poses a big problem for the region. There is no reliable data in most of the municipalities. Introduction of the Waste management Concept is suggested as a solution. Cooperation between the international development institutions, local and international universities and engineering companies and local municipalities is very important to the development and introduction of a solution. The goal must be to document the current state and the problem, to devise solutions and to evaluate the implementation. 12.09.16 2009 UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 20
Suggested solutions for improving the region s waste management In the region the experience of sustainable waste management is lacking, especially with the treatment. Most municipalities need decentralized waste management centers, for example, small composting plants for 1000-5000 Mg/a, recycling centers for collection of electronic waste, bulky waste and hazardous waste, simple sorting plants (50-200 Mg/d), etc. Large cities require industrial-scale pilot projects (ca. 200 Mg/d) MBT/ Incineration in cooperation with international specialized companies, 2009 UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Suggested solutions for improving the region s waste management The responsibility and finance of the disposal of waste streams especially old tires, electronic waste, packaging etc., has not been clarified/resolved in most countries. Producer responsibility is a suggested solution. There are already good basics for its establishment and introduction. This would relieve financially the responsible authorities. 12.09.16 2009 UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 22
Conclusions and recommendations Lack of implementable regulations and local Know-how Trend for management of hazardous waste in cooperation with international companies from EU 90 % of available finance spends for logistic and 10 % for treatment/landfill Trend in the Golf states Incineration and use of energy for desalination Numerous targets regarding the waste management in the Arab region can be achieved through targeted knowledge transfer. 2009 UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
For more information s please contact: University Rostock Department Waste management and material flow PD Dr.-Ing. habil. Abdallah Nassour JustusvonLiebig Weg 6, 18051 Rostock Tel.:+49 (381) 498 3403 Mob.: +49 (0)170 540 2940 E-Mail: abdallah.nassour@uni-rostock.de www.uni-rostock.de 9/12/16 2009 2009 UNIVERSITY OF OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF OF AGRICULTURAL AND AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 24
Diese Präsentation erfolgte im Rahmen der Veranstaltung: IRRC IRRC WASTE-TO-ENERGY 5. und 6. September 2016