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UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA Second Semester Examination Academic Session 2010/2011 April/May 2011 EBS 215/3 Comminution and Sizing [Kominusi dan Pensaizan] Duration : 3 hours [Masa : 3 jam] Please ensure that this examination paper contains TWELVE printed pages before you begin the examination. [Sila pastikan bahawa kertas peperiksaan ini mengandungi DUA BELAS muka surat yang bercetak dan sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan ini.] This paper consists of SEVEN questions. [Kertas soalan ini mengandungi TUJUH soalan.] Instruction: Answer FIVE questions. If candidate answers more than five questions only the first five questions answered in the answer script would be examined. [Arahan: Jawab LIMA soalan. Jika calon menjawab lebih daripada lima soalan hanya lima soalan pertama mengikut susunan dalam skrip jawapan akan diberi markah.] The answers to all questions must start on a new page. [Mulakan jawapan anda untuk semua soalan pada muka surat yang baru.] You may answer a question either in Bahasa Malaysia or in English. [Anda dibenarkan menjawab soalan sama ada dalam Bahasa Malaysia atau Bahasa Inggeris.] In the event of any discrepancies, the English version must be used. [Sekiranya terdapat sebarang percanggahan pada soalan peperiksaan, versi Bahasa Inggeris hendaklah diguna pakai.] 2/-

- 2-1. [a] Describe the term ideal partition curve and sketch a graph of recovery to coarse product (y-axis) and log particle size (x-axis) to illustrate your answer. Huraikan maksud lengkok sekatan unggul dan lakarkan graf perolehan kepada produk kasar (paksi y) dan log saiz partikel (paksi x) dalam jawapan anda. Explain the differences between screening and classification processes. Discuss the factors affecting efficiency of a screening process. Terangkan perbezaan antara proses penapisan dan proses pengelasan. Bincangkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kecekapan proses penapisan. [c] Through analysis of screen feed (250 TPH) with a test screen, it is observed that 90% is smaller than 1 but only 200 TPH goes through the screening media. Calculate and explain: (i) Efficiency of undersize removal (oversize as product). (ii) Efficiency of undersize as recovery (undersize as product). Analisis suapan satu pengayak (250 TPJ) dengan ayak ujian, didapati 90% adalah lebih kecil dari 1 tetapi hanya 200 TPJ berjaya melepasi media pengayak. Kira dan terangkan: (i) Kecekapan penyingkiran saiz bawah (saiz atas sebagai produk). (ii) Kecekapan perolehan saiz bawah (saiz bawah sebagai produk). (40 marks/markah) 3/-

- 3-2. [a] Explain 3 (three) operating parameters for hydrocyclone. In your explanation, include their effect on the final product. Terangkan 3 (tiga) parameter pengoperasian bagi sebuah hidrosiklon. Dalam penerangan anda, bincangkan juga kesan parameter tersebut terhadap produk akhir. (40 marks/markah) A hydrocyclone used to classify a mix of silica-water produce data as shown in Table 1. Draw the partition curve for the hydrocyclone and determine the value of d 50 and I (Imperfection). Sebuah hidrosiklon yang mengelas campuran air-silika menghasilkan data seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Jadual 1. Lakarkan lengkuk sekatan untuk hidrosiklon berkenaan dan tentukan nilai d 50 dan I (ketidaksempurnaan). Table 1: Size Distribution of Silica-Water Mix Jadual 1: Taburan Saiz Bagi Sampel Silika-Air Size / % Weight Underflow / % Weight Overflow / Saiz (µm) % Berat Aliran Bawah % Berat Aliran Atas +500 2.4 - -500+355 3.5 0.1-355+250 6.2 0.1-250+180 9.9 0.2-180+125 9.5 0.3-125+90 12.9 2.3-90+63 11.8 4.1-63 43.8 92.9 Assume: Underflow = 62.5% from total feed. Andaikan: Aliran bawah = 62.5% daripada jumlah suapan. (60 marks/markah) 4/-

- 4-3. [a] Explain briefly the process steps involved in cement manufacturing. Discuss also the comminution and classification equipments involved in the process. Terangkan secara ringkas proses terlibat semasa pembuatan simen. Bincangkan juga alat kominusi dan pengelasan yang terlibat semasa proses tersebut. What is meant by circulating load ratio in a grinding circuit closed with a classifier? Illustrate two possible configurations of a clinker grinding circuit. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nisbah beban pusing balik dalam litar pengisaran dengan pengelasan? Gambarkan konfigurasi yang mungkin bagi litar pengisaran klinker. [c] Mechanical air separator is an important equipment in cement grinding circuit. Sketch a cross section of a mechanical classifier. Discuss the factors affecting the classifier performance in terms of materials properties, design parameter and operating parameter. Pengelas mekanikal adalah sebuah peralatan penting dalam litar pengisaran simen. Lakarkan keratan rentas sebuah pengelas mekanikal. Bincangkan faktor yang mempengaruhi kecekapan pengelas berkenaan dari segi sifat bahan, parameter rekabentuk, dan parameter pengoperasian. (40 marks/markah) 5/-

- 5-4. [a] A screen separates undersize that can be sold at nominal size of 25 mm. Feed is at 10 tonne per hour and has 16% materials passing 25 mm. Undersize is at 10.8 tonne per hour and having 68% materials passing 25 mm. Calculate the percentage of material that can be sell in feed that enter the product to be sell. Satu skrin menghasilkan hasil bawah yang boleh dipasarkan pada saiz nominal 25 mm. Suapan adalah pada kadar 10 ton sejam dan mengandungi 16% bahan melepasi 25 mm. Saiz bawah adalah pada kadar 10.8 tan sejam dan mengandungi 68% bahan melepasi 25 mm. Kirakan peratus bahan yang boleh dipasarkan dalam suapan yang memasuki produk yang boleh dipasarkan. (20 marks/markah) Sketch a flow sheet to reduce ore size that are having maximum size of 700 mm to 100 mm for wet separation process. Show also the sizing operation, where necessary, type of machine and product size for each stage for each stage. You can assume that the ore was transported to the plant by lorries. Lakarkan satu helaian aliran untuk mengurangkan saiz satu bijih yang mempunyai saiz maksimum 700 mm kepada 100 mm untuk suatu proses pemisahan basah. Tunjukkan juga operasi pensaizan, di mana perlu, jenis mesin dan saiz produk untuk setiap peringkat untuk setiap peringkat. Anda boleh menganggap bahawa bijih tersebut dihantar dengan lori pengangkut ke loji tersebut. (50 marks/markah) [c] Sketch an example of aggregate production flowsheet in a quarry producing 6 different products. Lakarkan satu contoh litar penghasilan agregat di sebuah kuari yang menghasilkan 6 jenis produk. 6/-

- 6-5. [a] Explain the terms open and close circuit used in comminution. Give one example each. Terangkan istilah litar terbuka dan litar tertutup yang digunakan dalam kominusi. Berikan satu contoh setiap satu. Draw a graph to describe the effect of size reduction as a time factor in grinding of limestone. Lukiskan satu graf untuk menerangkan kesan penyusutan saiz kesan faktor masa dalam pengisaran batu kapur. (20 marks/markah) [c] 70 t/h of gold ore was uniformly discharged from a jaw crusher. The discharge was fed to a wet rod mill such that 80% of the crusher product passes a 15 mm screen. The rod mill product was then fed to a wet ball mill at a feed size of 1.0 mm and produces a product with 80% passing a 75 μm screen. The rod mill is in an open grinding circuit. Determine: (i) Work required for the rod mill and ball mill. (ii) Total power required for rod mill and ball mill. Data: Laboratory Standard Bond Work Index Rod Mill: 11.2 kwh/t Ball Mill: 10.0 kwh/t 7/-

- 7-70 t/j bijih emas dikeluarkan oleh sebuah penghancur rahang. Produk daripada alat pemecah rahang tersebut disuapkan ke dalam alat pengisar rod secara basah yang mempunyai saiz 80% melepasi skrin 15 mm. Produk daripada alat pengisar rod disuapkan ke dalam alat pengisar bebola secara basah yang mempunyai saiz 1.0 mm dan menghasilkan produk bersaiz 80% melepasi skrin 75 μm. Alat pengisar rod disusun secara litar terbuka. Tentukan: (i) Kerja yang diperlukan oleh pengisar rod dan pengisar bebola. (ii) Jumlah Kuasa yang diperlukan oleh pengisar rod dan pengisar bebola. Data: Piawaian indeks kerja Bond Pengisar rod: 11.2 kwh/t Pengisar bebola: 10.0 kwh/t (50 marks/markah) 8/-

- 8-6. [a] Write three operating and dimension variables of a jaw crusher. Tuliskan tiga pembolehubah operasi dan dimensi sebuah penghancur rahang. A processing plant received 300 t/h of - 0.7 m diameter iron ore from a mine. Using the information provided in Figure 3 (a), (b), (c) and (d), construct the process flowsheet to reduce the ore size to -12 mm including sizing operations where required, to handle this ore. Select the size and number of unit operations required at each stage. State the design and operating variables of the crushers that you have selected. Given: the bulk density of iron ore is 3.4 t/m 3. Satu loji pemprosesan menerima 300 tan/jam bijih besi berdiameter -0.7 m daripada sebuah lombong. Dengan menggunakan data yang diberikan dalam Rajah 3 (a), (b), (c) dan (d) cadangkan satu helaian aliran yang sesuai untuk mengurangkan saiz partikel kepada -12 mm. Pilih saiz dan bilangan unit operasi yang diperlukan untuk setiap peringkat. Nyatakan parameter rekabentuk dan operasi setiap alat pemecah yang dipilih. Diberi ketumpatan pukal bijih besi ialah 3.4 tan/m 3. (70 marks/markah)...9/-

- 9-10/-

- 10 - Figure 3 / Rajah 3 11/-

- 11-7. The energy consumption in comminution is one of the main costs in mineral processing and it is important to have some appreciation of the energy consumed-size reduction achieved when designing plants. Proses kominusi menggunakan tenaga yang tinggi dan merupakan salah satu punca kos utama dalam sesebuah loji pemprosesan. Ia merupakan faktor yang penting dan perlu diambilkira dalam merekabentuk loji penyusutan saiz. [a] Write the general differential equation which describes the energy particle size relationship. Define the theories of Kick, Rittinger and Bond and show on the graph the regions in which they might be expected to apply. Tuliskan persamaan kebezaan umum yang memperihalkan hubungan tenaga-saiz partikel. Takrifkan teori Kick, Rittenger dan Bond serta tunjukkan di atas graf kawasan di mana teori-teori ini dapat diaplikasikan. (50 marks/markah) None of these theories have been found to be applicable over a wide range of data. What do you think might be the reason? Didapati tiada satupun daripada teori ini boleh diaplikasikan dalam julat data yang luas. Berikan pendapat anda tentang pernyataan ini. (20 marks/markah) 12/-

- 12 - [c] These theories apply to comminution machines but screens and classifiers are often used in comminution circuits. Are these really necessary in the circuit and if so how should they be taken into account in predicting the energy requirement? Teori-teori ini diaplikasikan untuk mesin kominusi tetapi skrin dan alat pengelasan biasa digunakan di dalam litar kominusi. Adakah ini betul-betul diperlukan dalam litar kominusi dan jika perlu, bagaimanakah skrin dan pengelas diambilkira untuk menganggarkan keperluan tenaga yang diperlukan? - ooooooo -