Chapter 3 Market Segmentation MKT 344 Faculty NNA

Three Phases of Marketing Strategy Phase 1 Market Segmentation Phase 2 Target Market and Marketing Mix Selection (Targeting and 4P) Phase 3 Product/Brand Positioning

Market Segmentation The process of dividing a potential market into distinct subsets of consumers and selecting one or more segments as a target market to be reached with a distinct marketing mix.

Segmentation Studies Discover the needs and wants of groups of consumers to develop specialized products to satisfy group needs Used to identify the most appropriate media for advertising Copyright 2007 by Prentice Hall

Bases for Segmentation Geographic Demographic Psychographic Sociocultural Use-Related Usage-Situation Benefit Sought Hybrid

Occupation Table 3.1 Market Segmentation SEGMENTATION SELECTED SEGMENTATION VARIABLES BASE Geographic Segmentation Region Southwest, Mountain States, Alaska, Hawaii City Size Major metropolitan areas, small cities, towns Density of area Urban, suburban, rural Climate Temperate, hot, humid, rainy Demographic Segmentation Age Under 12, 12-17, 18-34, 35-49, 50-64, 65-74, 75-99, Sex 100+ Male, female Marital status Single, married, divorced, living together, widowed Income Education Under $25,000, $25,000-$34,999, $35,000-$49,999, $50,000-$74,999, $75,000-$99,999, $100,000 and over Some high school, high school graduate, some college, college graduate, postgraduate blue-collar, white-collar, agricultural, military Copyright 2007 by Prentice Hall

Table 3.1, continued SEGMENTATION SELECTED SEGMENTATION VARIABLES BASE Psychographic (Lifestyle) Segmentation Economy-minded, couch potatoes, outdoors enthusiasts, status seekers Sociocultural Segmentation Cultures American, Italian, Chinese, Mexican, French, Pakistani Religion Subcultures (Race/ethnic) Social class Family life cycle Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, Moslem, other African American, Caucasian, Asian, Hispanic Lower, middle, upper Bachelors, young married, full nesters, empty nesters

Table 3.1, continued SEGMENTATION BASE SELECTED SEGMENTATION VARIABLES Use-Related Segmentation Usage rate Heavy users, medium users, light users, non users Awareness status Unaware, aware, interested, enthusiastic Brand loyalty None, some, strong Use-Situation Segmentation Time Leisure, work, rush, morning, night Objective Personal, gift, snack, fun, achievement Location Home, work, friend s home, in-store Person Self, family members, friends, boss, peers Benefit Segmentation Convenience, social acceptance, long lasting, economy, value-for-the-money Copyright 2007 by Prentice Hall

Geographic Segmentation The division of a total potential market into smaller subgroups on the basis of geographic variables (e.g., region, state, or city) SEGMENTATION BASE Geographic Segmentation Region City Size Density of area Climate SELECTED SEGMENTATION VARIABLES Southwest, Mountain States, Alaska, Hawaii Major metropolitan areas, small cities, towns Urban, suburban, rural Temperate, Copyright hot, 2007 humid, by Prentice rainy Hall

Demographic Segmentation Age Sex (gradually disappearing) Marital Status Income, Education, and Occupation Demographic Segmentation Age Under 12, 12-17, 18-34, 35-49, 50-64, 65-74, 75-99, Sex 100+ Male, female Marital status Single, married, divorced, living together, widowed Income Education Occupation Under $25,000, $25,000-$34,999, $35,000-$49,999, $50,000-$74,999, $75,000-$99,999, $100,000 and over Some high school, high school graduate, some college, college graduate, postgraduate blue-collar, white-collar, agricultural, military Copyright 2007 by Prentice Hall

Psychographic Segmentation Psychographic Bases: Combining individuals who are psychologically similar in their orientation Lifestyle The ways in which individuals choose to live their lives Personality Similar personality types Core Values Similar core values. Match its core values with those of the segments, building positive associations

Psychographic Segmentation Also known as Lifestyle Analysis Psychographic variables include Activities, Interests, and Opinions (AIOs) Marketers can understand customers psychographic profile by understanding their activities, interest and opinions SEGMENTATION BASE Psychographic (Lifestyle) Segmentation SELECTED SEGMENTATION VARIABLES Economy-minded, couch potatoes, outdoors enthusiasts, status seekers Copyright 2007 by Prentice Hall

Personality VALS Typology A multi-based approach to segmentation incorporating both psychological & demographics is developed by SRI International For the US market SRI identified eight separate groups for segmentation purposes Actualizers/ Innovators (10 % of population) Thinkers (11% of population) Experiencers (13% of population) Achievers (14% of population) Believers (17% of population) Strivers (12% of population) Makers (12% of population) Strugglers/ survivors (12% of population)

VALS (Values and Lifestyle) Framework Ideals: Guided by Knowledge and Principle Achievers: Look for product or service that demonstrate success to their peers Self expression: Desire social and physical activity, variety and risk

Innovator/ Actualizers Innovators are successful, sophisticated, takecharge people with high self-esteem. Because they have such abundant resources, they exhibit all three primary motivations in varying degrees. They are change leaders and are the most receptive to new ideas and technologies. Innovators are very active consumers, and their purchases reflect cultivated tastes for upscale, niche products and services. Image is important to Innovators, not as evidence of status or power but as an expression of their taste, independence, and personality. Innovators are among the established and emerging leaders in business and government, yet they continue to seek challenges. Their lives are characterized by variety. Their possessions and recreation reflect a cultivated taste for the finer things in life.

Thinker Thinkers are motivated by ideals. They are mature, satisfied, comfortable, and reflective people who value order, knowledge, and responsibility. They tend to be well educated and actively seek out information in the decision-making process. They are wellinformed about world and national events and are alert to opportunities to broaden their knowledge. Thinkers have a moderate respect for institutions of authority and social decorum but are open to consider new ideas. Although their incomes allow them many choices, Thinkers are conservative, practical consumers; they look for durability, functionality, and value in the products that they buy.

Believer Like Thinkers, Believers are motivated by ideals. They are conservative, conventional people with concrete beliefs based on traditional, established codes: family, religion, community, and the nation. Many Believers express moral codes that have deep roots and literal interpretation. They follow established routines, organized in large part around home, family, community, and social or religious organizations to which they belong. As consumers, Believers are predictable; they choose familiar products and established brands. Ethnocentric and generally loyal customers.

Achiever Motivated by the desire for achievement, Achievers have goal-oriented lifestyles and a deep commitment to career and family. Their social lives reflect this focus and are structured around family, their place of worship, and work. Achievers live conventional lives, are politically conservative, and respect authority and the status quo. They value consensus, predictability, and stability over risk, intimacy, and self-discovery. With many wants and needs, Achievers are active in the consumer marketplace. Image is important to Achievers; they favor established, prestige products and services that demonstrate success to their peers. Because of their busy lives, they are often interested in a variety of time-saving devices.

Striver Strivers are trendy and fun loving. Because they are motivated by achievement, Strivers are concerned about the opinions and approval of others. Money defines success for Strivers, who don't have enough of it to meet their desires. They favor stylish products that emulate the purchases of people with greater material wealth. Many Strivers see themselves as having a job rather than a career, and a lack of skills and focus often prevents them from moving ahead. Strivers are active consumers because shopping is both a social activity and an opportunity to demonstrate to peers their ability to buy. As consumers, they are as impulsive as their financial circumstance will allow.

Experiencer Experiencers are motivated by selfexpression. Young, enthusiastic, and impulsive consumers, Experiencers quickly become enthusiastic about new possibilities but are equally quick to cool. They seek variety and excitement. Their energy finds an outlet in exercise, sports, outdoor recreation, and social activities. Experiencers are passionate consumers and spend a comparatively high proportion of their income on fashion, entertainment, and socializing. Their purchases reflect the emphasis that they place on looking good and having "cool" stuff.

Makers Like Experiencers, Makers are motivated by selfexpression. They express themselves and experience the world by working on it building a house, raising children, fixing a car, or canning vegetables and have enough skill and energy to carry out their projects successfully. Makers are practical people who have constructive skills and value self-sufficiency. They live within a traditional context of family, practical work, and physical recreation and have little interest in what lies outside that context. Makers are suspicious of new ideas and large institutions such as big business. They are respectful of government authority and organized labor but resentful of government intrusion on individual rights. They are unimpressed by material possessions other than those with a practical or functional purpose. Because they prefer value to luxury, they buy basic products.

Survivors/ Strugglers Survivors live narrowly focused lives. Because they have few resources with which to cope, they often believe that the world is changing too quickly. They are comfortable with the familiar and are primarily concerned with safety and security. Because they must focus on meeting needs rather than fulfilling desires, Survivors do not show a strong primary motivation. Survivors are cautious consumers. They represent a very modest market for most products and services. They are loyal to favorite brands, especially if they can purchase them at a discount.

Sociocultural Segmentation Family Life Cycle Social Class Culture, Subculture, and Cross-Culture SEGMENTATION SELECTED SEGMENTATION VARIABLES Sociocultural BASE Segmentation Cultures American, Italian, Chinese, Mexican, French, Pakistani Religion Subcultures (Race/ethnic) Social class Family life cycle Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, Moslem, other African American, Caucasian, Asian, Hispanic Lower, middle, upper Bachelors, young married, full nesters, empty nesters

Use-Related Segmentation Rate of Usage Heavy vs. Light: Light beer for heavy users Awareness Status Aware vs. Unaware: understand the buyer readiness stage Brand Loyalty Brand insistence, brand loyalty, split loyalty, shifting loyalty, no loyalty Copyright 2007 by Prentice Hall

Usage-Situation Segmentation Segmenting on the basis of special occasions or situations Example Statements: Candies on Valentine s Day Flowers on Pahela Baishakh Sending more sms on the day before Eid Copyright 2007 by Prentice Hall

Implementing Segmentation Strategies Undifferentiated marketing targets the whole market with one offer Mass marketing Focuses on common needs rather than what s different Copyright 2007 by Prentice Hall

Implementing Segmentation Strategies Differentiated Targeting several segments with individual marketing mix Mainly for companies having better financial condition/stability Soft drinks, detergents Copyright 2007 by Prentice Hall

Implementing Segmentation Strategies Concentrated Marketing Target one segment with unique marketing mix Primarily for small or new companies Also appropriate for final stage PLC products when the products are fading out from the market Copyright 2007 by Prentice Hall

Implementing Segmentation Strategies Microtargeting the practice of tailoring products and marketing programs to suit the tastes of specific individuals and locations. Local marketing Individual marketing Copyright 2007 by Prentice Hall

Implementing Segmentation Strategies Local marketing involves tailoring brands and promotion to the needs and wants of local customer groups Cities Neighborhoods Stores e.g: Your neighborhood grocery store Copyright 2007 by Prentice Hall

Implementing Segmentation Strategies Individual marketing involves tailoring products and marketing programs to the needs and preferences of individual customers. Also known as: One-to-one marketing Customized marketing mass customization Markets-of-one marketing e.g: Nike ID Copyright 2007 by Prentice Hall